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  2. Documents, Volume 7, Part 3 Introduction: 27 January–8 April 1840

Part 3: 27 January–8 April 1840

In late January 1840, JS returned to
Washington DC

Created as district for seat of U.S. federal government by act of Congress, 1790, and named Washington DC, 1791. Named in honor of George Washington. Headquarters of executive, legislative, and judicial branches of U.S. government relocated to Washington ...

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from
Philadelphia

Port city founded as Quaker settlement by William Penn, 1681. Site of signing of Declaration of Independence and drafting of U.S. Constitution. Nation’s capital city, 1790–1800. Population in 1830 about 170,000; in 1840 about 260,000; and in 1850 about 410...

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and prepared to travel home to the
Commerce

Located near middle of western boundary of state, bordering Mississippi River. European Americans settled area, 1820s. From bank of river, several feet above high-water mark, ground described as nearly level for six or seven blocks before gradually sloping...

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, Illinois, area along with
Robert D. Foster

14 Mar. 1811–1 Feb. 1878. Justice of the peace, physician, land speculator. Born in Braunston, Northamptonshire, England. Son of John Foster and Jane Knibb. Married Sarah Phinney, 18 July 1837, at Medina Co., Ohio. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of ...

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and
Orrin Porter Rockwell

June 1814–9 June 1878. Ferry operator, herdsman, farmer. Born in Belchertown, Hampshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of Orin Rockwell and Sarah Witt. Moved to Farmington (later in Manchester), Ontario Co., New York, 1817. Neighbor to JS. Baptized into Church of...

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.
Sidney Rigdon

19 Feb. 1793–14 July 1876. Tanner, farmer, minister. Born at St. Clair, Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania. Son of William Rigdon and Nancy Gallaher. Joined United Baptists, ca. 1818. Preached at Warren, Trumbull Co., Ohio, and vicinity, 1819–1821. Married Phebe...

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, still in poor health, remained in Philadelphia and spent time in the Delaware River Valley from early March to mid-April.
1

Letter from Sidney Rigdon, 3 Apr. 1840.


Meanwhile,
Elias Higbee

23 Oct. 1795–8 June 1843. Clerk, judge, surveyor. Born at Galloway, Gloucester Co., New Jersey. Son of Isaac Higbee and Sophia Somers. Moved to Clermont Co., Ohio, 1803. Married Sarah Elizabeth Ward, 10 Sept. 1818, in Tate Township, Clermont Co. Lived at ...

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stayed in the capital to manage the
church

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

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’s petitioning efforts with the
United States

North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...

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Senate.
2

Historical Introduction to Letter from Elias Higbee, 20 Feb. 1840–A.


Before leaving Washington, JS preached several sermons, but a description of the content of only one sermon is extant.
3

Discourse, 5 Feb. 1840.


With Foster and Rockwell, JS left in mid-February and reached Commerce by 29 February.
4

Letter to Robert D. Foster, 11 Mar. 1840; John Smith, Journal, 1836–1840, 29 Feb. 1840, [58].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Smith, John (1781-1854). Journal, 1833–1841. John Smith, Papers, 1833-1854. CHL. MS 1326, box 1.

Before JS left
Washington DC

Created as district for seat of U.S. federal government by act of Congress, 1790, and named Washington DC, 1791. Named in honor of George Washington. Headquarters of executive, legislative, and judicial branches of U.S. government relocated to Washington ...

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, Senator
Richard M. Young

20 Feb. 1798–28 Nov. 1861. Attorney, judge, politician. Born in Fayette Co., Kentucky. Moved to Jonesboro, Union Co., Illinois Territory. Admitted to Illinois bar, 1817, in Jonesboro. Served as state representative from Union Co., 1820–1822. Married Matilda...

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of
Illinois

Became part of Northwest Territory of U.S., 1787. Admitted as state, 1818. Population in 1840 about 480,000. Population in 1845 about 660,000. Plentiful, inexpensive land attracted settlers from northern and southern states. Following expulsion from Missouri...

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presented to the Senate the church’s memorial, which suggested $2 million as an appropriate amount for reparations for the treatment the Saints received in
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

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. After some debate, the memorial was read aloud in the Senate chamber and was subsequently tabled. On 12 February, the Senate reconsidered the memorial and resolved that it would be sent to the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, which consisted of five senators: Garret D. Wall (a Democrat from
New Jersey

Located in northeast region of U.S. First European settlements made by Dutch, Swedes, and English, early 1600s. Admitted to U.S. as state, Dec. 1787. Population in 1830 about 321,000. Population in 1840 about 373,000. First Latter-day Saint missionaries preached...

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), Thomas Clayton (a Whig from Delaware), Robert Strange (a Democrat from North Carolina), John J. Crittenden (a Whig from Kentucky), and Oliver H. Smith (a Whig from
Indiana

First settled by French at Vincennes, early 1700s. Acquired by England in French and Indian War, 1763. U.S. took possession of area following American Revolution, 1783. Area became part of Northwest Territory, 1787. Partitioned off of Northwest Territory ...

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). Five days later, Young submitted to the Senate several affidavits and pamphlets as supporting documentation for the memorial. It appears that this committee was first supposed to determine whether considering the church’s petition fell under the jurisdiction of the federal government.
5

Historical Introduction to Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, ca. 30 Oct. 1839–27 Jan. 1840.


To this end—and at
Higbee

23 Oct. 1795–8 June 1843. Clerk, judge, surveyor. Born at Galloway, Gloucester Co., New Jersey. Son of Isaac Higbee and Sophia Somers. Moved to Clermont Co., Ohio, 1803. Married Sarah Elizabeth Ward, 10 Sept. 1818, in Tate Township, Clermont Co. Lived at ...

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’s request—the committee held a special hearing from 20 to 22 February. Higbee represented the church, while Senator
Lewis F. Linn

5 Nov. 1795/1796–3 Oct. 1843. Physician, politician. Born near Louisville, Jefferson Co., Kentucky. Son of Asahel Linn and Nancy Hunter. Served in War of 1812. Studied medicine in Louisville and Philadelphia. Established medical practice, 1816, in Sainte ...

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and Representative
John Jameson

6 Mar. 1802–24 Jan. 1857. Farmer, lawyer, politician. Born in Mount Sterling, Montgomery Co., Kentucky. Moved to Callaway Co., Missouri, 1825. Served in Missouri House of Representatives, 1830–1836, and served as Speaker of the House, 1834, 1836. Served in...

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attended on behalf of the state of Missouri.
6

Letter from Elias Higbee, 20 Feb. 1840–A.


According to its report dated 4 March, the committee decided that the church would have to seek redress and reparations through Missouri or through the federal courts in that state. The Senate approved the committee’s resolution on 23 March and subsequently ordered the publication of the committee’s report.
7

Report of the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 4 Mar. 1840.


Higbee apprised JS and other church leaders of these proceedings in a series of seven letters he wrote in February and March.
By early April 1840, news had reached
Commerce

Located near middle of western boundary of state, bordering Mississippi River. European Americans settled area, 1820s. From bank of river, several feet above high-water mark, ground described as nearly level for six or seven blocks before gradually sloping...

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of the committee’s decision. In response, a general
conference

A meeting where ecclesiastical officers and other church members could conduct church business. The “Articles and Covenants” of the church directed the elders to hold conferences to perform “Church business.” The first of these conferences was held on 9 June...

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of the church passed several resolutions, one of which deemed the committee’s report “unconstitutional.”
8

Minutes and Discourse, 6–8 Apr. 1840.


The conference also appointed
Orson Hyde

8 Jan. 1805–28 Nov. 1878. Laborer, clerk, storekeeper, teacher, editor, businessman, lawyer, judge. Born at Oxford, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Nathan Hyde and Sally Thorpe. Moved to Derby, New Haven Co., 1812. Moved to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio, ...

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and
John E. Page

25 Feb. 1799–14 Oct. 1867. Born at Trenton, Oneida Co., New York. Son of Ebenezer Page and Rachel Hill. Married first Betsey Thompson, 1831, in Huron Co., Ohio. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by Emer Harris, 18 Aug. 1833, at Brownhelm...

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as missionaries to visit the Jews in Europe and Palestine.
9

Minutes and Discourse, 6–8 Apr. 1840; Recommendation for Orson Hyde, 6 Apr. 1840.


Meanwhile, JS delivered at least two discourses in the Commerce area in which he expressed his frustration with President
Martin Van Buren

5 Dec. 1782–24 July 1862. Lawyer, politician, diplomat, farmer. Born in Kinderhook, Columbia Co., New York. Son of Abraham Van Buren and Maria Hoes Van Alen. Member of Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. Worked as law clerk, 1800, in New York City. Returned...

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’s unwillingness to assist the church in its petitioning efforts.
10

Letter to Robert D. Foster, 11 Mar. 1840; Discourse, 1 Mar. 1840.


JS also reengaged in the effort to build up the planned town of
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

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, principally by selling lots to church members.
11

See, for example, Land Transaction with Jane Miller, 6 Mar. 1840.


This part comprises twenty-six documents. It includes the memorial that the church presented to the Senate, several letters between JS and various associates in the eastern
United States

North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...

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, records of a
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

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land transaction between
Jane Miller

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and the
First Presidency

The highest presiding body of the church. An 11 November 1831 revelation stated that the president of the high priesthood was to preside over the church. JS was ordained as president of the high priesthood on 25 January 1832. In March 1832, JS appointed two...

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, minutes of church meetings in which JS took part, a letter of recommendation for
Hyde

8 Jan. 1805–28 Nov. 1878. Laborer, clerk, storekeeper, teacher, editor, businessman, lawyer, judge. Born at Oxford, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Nathan Hyde and Sally Thorpe. Moved to Derby, New Haven Co., 1812. Moved to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio, ...

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, and reports of discourses JS delivered in
Washington DC

Created as district for seat of U.S. federal government by act of Congress, 1790, and named Washington DC, 1791. Named in honor of George Washington. Headquarters of executive, legislative, and judicial branches of U.S. government relocated to Washington ...

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and in the
Commerce

Located near middle of western boundary of state, bordering Mississippi River. European Americans settled area, 1820s. From bank of river, several feet above high-water mark, ground described as nearly level for six or seven blocks before gradually sloping...

More Info
area.
  1. 1

    Letter from Sidney Rigdon, 3 Apr. 1840.

  2. 2

    Historical Introduction to Letter from Elias Higbee, 20 Feb. 1840–A.

  3. 3

    Discourse, 5 Feb. 1840.

  4. 4

    Letter to Robert D. Foster, 11 Mar. 1840; John Smith, Journal, 1836–1840, 29 Feb. 1840, [58].

    Smith, John (1781-1854). Journal, 1833–1841. John Smith, Papers, 1833-1854. CHL. MS 1326, box 1.

  5. 5

    Historical Introduction to Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, ca. 30 Oct. 1839–27 Jan. 1840.

  6. 6

    Letter from Elias Higbee, 20 Feb. 1840–A.

  7. 7

    Report of the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 4 Mar. 1840.

  8. 8

    Minutes and Discourse, 6–8 Apr. 1840.

  9. 9

    Minutes and Discourse, 6–8 Apr. 1840; Recommendation for Orson Hyde, 6 Apr. 1840.

  10. 10

    Letter to Robert D. Foster, 11 Mar. 1840; Discourse, 1 Mar. 1840.

  11. 11

    See, for example, Land Transaction with Jane Miller, 6 Mar. 1840.

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