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  2. Documents, Volume 8, Part 2 Introduction: 5 April–15 June 1841

Part 2: 5 April–15 June 1841

Progress in developing the city of
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

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, Illinois, continued through late spring and into summer 1841. Both the city council and the militia had been formally organized and were functioning efficiently. JS had sent
agents

A specific church office and, more generally, someone “entrusted with the business of another.” Agents in the church assisted other ecclesiastical officers, especially the bishop in his oversight of the church’s temporal affairs. A May 1831 revelation instructed...

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to the eastern
United States

North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...

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to attend to debt repayment on lands in
Illinois

Became part of Northwest Territory of U.S., 1787. Admitted as state, 1818. Population in 1840 about 480,000. Population in 1845 about 660,000. Plentiful, inexpensive land attracted settlers from northern and southern states. Following expulsion from Missouri...

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and
Iowa

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803. First permanent white settlements established, ca. 1833. Organized as territory, 1838, containing all of present-day Iowa, much of present-day Minnesota, and parts of North and South Dakota. Population in...

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, and plans for repayment appeared to be proceeding. A celebratory spirit pervaded the city in April when JS presided over two significant events: on 6 April, the eleventh anniversary of the
church

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

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, a ceremony was held to lay the cornerstones for the Nauvoo
temple

Located in portion of Nauvoo known as the bluff. JS revelation dated Jan. 1841 commanded Saints to build temple and hotel (Nauvoo House). Cornerstone laid, 6 Apr. 1841. Saints volunteered labor, money, and other resources for temple construction. Construction...

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, and the church’s general
conference

A meeting where ecclesiastical officers and other church members could conduct church business. The “Articles and Covenants” of the church directed the elders to hold conferences to perform “Church business.” The first of these conferences was held on 9 June...

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followed over the next five days.
1

See Benediction, 6 Apr. 1841; and Minutes, 7–11 Apr. 1841.


During the same month, JS and the Saints mourned the untimely death of William Henry Harrison, president of the United States, who had died on 4 April 1841.
2

See Letter from Isaac Galland, 5 Apr. 1841.


JS continued to be involved in land management, and in April he began corresponding with
John M. Bernhisel

23 June 1799–28 Sept. 1881. Physician, politician. Born in Sandy Hill, Tyrone Township, Cumberland Co. (later in Perry Co.), Pennsylvania. Son of Samuel Bernhisel and Susannah Bower. Attended medical lectures at University of Pennsylvania, 1818, in Philadelphia...

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, a church member in
New York

Dutch founded New Netherland colony, 1625. Incorporated under British control and renamed New York, 1664. Harbor contributed to economic and population growth of city; became largest city in American colonies. British troops defeated Continental Army under...

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who sought JS’s help in acquiring land in Nauvoo for his relocation. Meanwhile, JS continued to participate actively in both the
Nauvoo Legion

A contingent of the Illinois state militia provided for in the Nauvoo city charter. The Nauvoo Legion was organized into two cohorts: one infantry and one cavalry. Each cohort could potentially comprise several thousand men and was overseen by a brigadier...

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and the Nauvoo City Council.
3

See Minutes, 1 May 1841; and General Orders for Nauvoo Legion, 4 May 1841.


Missionary efforts abroad continued during this time period.
Apostle

A title indicating one sent forth to preach; later designated as a specific ecclesiastical and priesthood office. By 1830, JS and Oliver Cowdery were designated as apostles. The “Articles and Covenants” of the church explained that an “apostle is an elder...

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Orson Hyde

8 Jan. 1805–28 Nov. 1878. Laborer, clerk, storekeeper, teacher, editor, businessman, lawyer, judge. Born at Oxford, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Nathan Hyde and Sally Thorpe. Moved to Derby, New Haven Co., 1812. Moved to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio, ...

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was among those serving overseas, and he documented his trek to Palestine in his letters to JS.
4

See Letter from Orson Hyde, 17 Apr. 1841; and Letter from Orson Hyde, 15 June 1841.


JS corresponded with individual church members outside of
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

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, and he also sent a general letter to the Saints abroad, encouraging them to gather to
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

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.
5

Letter to the Saints Abroad, 24 May 1841.


Recognizing growing opposition to the church, JS canceled his subscription to
Thomas Sharp

25 Sept. 1818–9 Apr. 1894. Teacher, lawyer, newspaper editor and publisher. Born in Mount Holly, Burlington Co., New Jersey. Son of Solomon Sharp and Jemima Budd. Lived at Smyrna, Kent Co., Delaware, June 1830. Moved to Carlisle, Cumberland Co., Pennsylvania...

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’s Warsaw Signal after Sharp published antagonistic articles about the Latter-day Saints.
6

Letter to Thomas Sharp, 26 May 1841.


JS’s financial and familial responsibilities expanded in early June, when he took on the guardianship of the estate and children of
Edward Lawrence

ca. 1800–1839. Born in New York. Son of John Lawrence and Letitia. Moved to Pickering, York Co. (later in Ontario), Upper Canada, by 1811. Married Margaret Major, ca. 1822, in Ontario. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1837, in Ontario...

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, a recent convert who lived in
Lima

Area settled, 1828. Platted 1833. Post office established, 1836. Many Latter-day Saints settled in area, 1839, after expulsion from Missouri. Considered important settlement by Latter-day Saint leaders. Lima stake organized, 22 Oct. 1840. Stake reduced to...

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, Illinois, but had passed away shortly after moving there in 1839.
7

Receipt to Executors of Edward Lawrence Estate, 4 June 1841.


After Lawrence’s death, his eldest children,
Maria

18 Dec. 1823–1847. Born in Pickering, York Co. (later in Ontario), Upper Canada. Daughter of Edward Lawrence and Margaret. Moved with family to Lima, Adams Co., Illinois, 1838. Father died, between 5 Nov. and 23 Dec. 1839. Resided in Quincy, Adams Co., 1840...

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and
Sarah

13 May 1826–28 Nov. 1872. Seamstress. Born in Pickering, York Co. (later in Ontario), Upper Canada. Daughter of Edward Lawrence and Margaret. Moved with family to Lima, Adams Co., Illinois, 1838. Father died, between 5 Nov. and 23 Dec. 1839. Resided in Quincy...

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, chose JS to be their guardian, and
Adams County

Situated in western Illinois; bounded on west by Mississippi River. Organized from Pike Co., 1825. Quincy established as county seat, 1825. Population in 1830 about 2,200. Population in 1840 about 14,500. Latter-day Saint exiles from Missouri found refuge...

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probate judge Andrew Miller officially appointed JS as guardian for all seven of the Lawrence children.
8

Andrew Miller, Order, Quincy, IL, for JS et al., 4 June 1841, in Adams Co., IL, Circuit Court, Chancery Case Files, 1827–1854, box C7, microfilm 1,839,547, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL.


Comprehensive Works Cited

U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.

Also in early June, JS was arrested and then released during an attempt by former
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

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governor
Lilburn W. Boggs

14 Dec. 1796–14 Mar. 1860. Bookkeeper, bank cashier, merchant, Indian agent and trader, lawyer, doctor, postmaster, politician. Born at Lexington, Fayette Co., Kentucky. Son of John M. Boggs and Martha Oliver. Served in War of 1812. Moved to St. Louis, ca...

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to have JS extradited from
Illinois

Became part of Northwest Territory of U.S., 1787. Admitted as state, 1818. Population in 1840 about 480,000. Population in 1845 about 660,000. Plentiful, inexpensive land attracted settlers from northern and southern states. Following expulsion from Missouri...

More Info
.
9

See Statement of Expenses to Thomas King, 30 Sept. 1841.


  1. 1

    See Benediction, 6 Apr. 1841; and Minutes, 7–11 Apr. 1841.

  2. 2

    See Letter from Isaac Galland, 5 Apr. 1841.

  3. 3

    See Minutes, 1 May 1841; and General Orders for Nauvoo Legion, 4 May 1841.

  4. 4

    See Letter from Orson Hyde, 17 Apr. 1841; and Letter from Orson Hyde, 15 June 1841.

  5. 5

    Letter to the Saints Abroad, 24 May 1841.

  6. 6

    Letter to Thomas Sharp, 26 May 1841.

  7. 7

    Receipt to Executors of Edward Lawrence Estate, 4 June 1841.

  8. 8

    Andrew Miller, Order, Quincy, IL, for JS et al., 4 June 1841, in Adams Co., IL, Circuit Court, Chancery Case Files, 1827–1854, box C7, microfilm 1,839,547, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL.

    U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.

  9. 9

    See Statement of Expenses to Thomas King, 30 Sept. 1841.

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