Footnotes
Minute Book 2, 6 Jan. 1836 and 6 Apr. 1838, 67, 114; “Higbee, Elias,” in Jenson, Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia, 1:253; Reed Peck, Quincy, IL, to “Dear Friends,” 18 Sept. 1839, pp. 47–48, Huntington Library, San Marino, CA; Historical Introduction to Letter to Elias Higbee, 16 Apr. 1839; Swartzell, Mormonism Exposed, 17–18; Baugh, “Call to Arms,” 95–96.
Jenson, Andrew. Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia: A Compilation of Biographical Sketches of Prominent Men and Women in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 4 vols. Salt Lake City: Andrew Jenson History Co., 1901–1936.
Peck, Reed. Letter, Quincy, IL, to “Dear Friends,” 18 Sept. 1839. Huntington Library, San Marino, CA.
Swartzell, William. Mormonism Exposed, Being a Journal of a Residence in Missouri from the 28th of May to the 20th of August, 1838, Together with an Appendix, Containing the Revelation concerning the Golden Bible, with Numerous Extracts from the ‘Book of Covenants,’ &c., &c. Pekin, OH: By the author, 1840.
Baugh, Alexander L. “A Call to Arms: The 1838 Mormon Defense of Northern Missouri.” PhD diss., Brigham Young University, 1996. Also available as A Call to Arms: The 1838 Mormon Defense of Northern Missouri, Dissertations in Latter-day Saint History (Provo, UT: Joseph Fielding Smith Institute for Latter-day Saint History; BYU Studies, 2000).
See Historical Introduction to Appendix 3: Willard Richards, Draft Notes of JS’s Activities, 1842, 1844.
Martha Coray recounted that “from the age of thirteen years,” she had been “much in the habit of noting down evrything, I heard and read which possessed any peculiar interest to me, in order to preserve facts.” According to one account, Coray “took in common hand every di[s]course that she heard him [JS] preach, and has carefully preserved them.” Coray’s daughter noted that “it was ever her [Coray’s] custom when going to meeting to take pencil and note paper; she thus preserved notes of sermons that would otherwise have been lost to the Church.” (Martha Jane Knowlton Coray, Provo, Utah Territory, to Brigham Young, 13 June 1865, Brigham Young Office Files, CHL; “Obituaries,” Woman’s Exponent, 1 Feb. 1882, 10:133; Lewis, “Martha Jane Knowlton Coray,” 440.)
Brigham Young Office Files, 1832–1878. CHL. CR 1234 1.
Woman’s Exponent. Salt Lake City. 1872–1914.
Lewis, Martha J. C. “Martha Jane Knowlton Coray.” Improvement Era 5, no. 6 (Apr. 1902): 439–440.
See Revelation 7:1–3; Answers to Questions, between ca. 4 and ca. 20 Mar. 1832 [D&C 77:8–9].
In a departure from the Calvinist understanding of election, which postulated that God chose or predestined humans for both salvation and damnation, JS had earlier suggested that the doctrine of election was instead about sealing individuals in family relationships through priesthood authority. (“Election,” in Buck, Theological Dictionary, 162; Discourse, 14 May 1843; Instruction, 16 May 1843; Discourse, 17 May 1843–A; Discourse, 21 May 1843.)
Buck, Charles. A Theological Dictionary, Containing Definitions of All Religious Terms: A Comprehensive View of Every Article in the System of Divinity. . . . Philadelphia: W. W. Woodward, 1818.
In Roman Catholicism, the sign of the cross is a ritual gesture used in connection with prayers and blessings and as part of sacraments. The sign has been associated with the redemptive death of Jesus Christ on the cross as well as with the Holy Trinity and is often accompanied by reciting the Trinitarian formula: “In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.” The sign is used by individuals as part of personal religious practice, as well as by priests and congregants as part of liturgical practice. The sign is used prominently as part of the Mass, including to begin the service and bless the Eucharist. Similar to the sense of election as used by JS in the discourse featured here, two of the meanings of the sign for Catholics are “the sign of Christ impressed like a seal on the body of the catechumen indicating the person signed belongs wholly to Christ” and “a profession of unswerving faith in Christ.” (“Sign of the Cross,” in New Catholic Encyclopedia, 4:382; “Sign of the Cross,” in Catholic Encyclopedia, 13:785–787.)
New Catholic Encyclopedia. 15 vols. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967.
The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church. Edited by Charles G. Herbermann, Edward A. Pace, Condé B. Pallen, Thomas J. Shahan, and John J. Wynne. 15 vols. New York: Robert Appleton, 1907–1914.
See Abraham 2:9–11.