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Letter from Horace Hotchkiss, 24 July 1841

Source Note

Horace Hotchkiss

15 Apr. 1799–21 Apr. 1849. Merchant, land speculator. Born in East Haven, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Heman Hotchkiss and Elizabeth Rowe. Moved to New Haven, New Haven Co., by 1815. Married Charlotte Austin Street, 22 Feb. 1824, in East Haven. Purchased...

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, Letter,
Fair Haven

Village in south-central Connecticut, located on Quinnipiac River. Population in 1853 about 3,000.

More Info
, New Haven Co., CT, to JS,
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Hancock Co., IL; handwriting of
Horace Hotchkiss

15 Apr. 1799–21 Apr. 1849. Merchant, land speculator. Born in East Haven, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Heman Hotchkiss and Elizabeth Rowe. Moved to New Haven, New Haven Co., by 1815. Married Charlotte Austin Street, 22 Feb. 1824, in East Haven. Purchased...

View Full Bio
; one page; JS Collection, CHL. Includes address, postal stamp, postal notation, and dockets.
Bifolium measuring 9¾ × 7¾ inches (25 × 20 cm). The letter was written on the first page only and then trifolded twice in letter style, addressed, and sealed with a red adhesive wafer. There are two tears on the last page. One of the tears likely occurred when the letter was opened. The letter was later folded for filing.
On the verso of the second leaf, a contemporary docket was added by
Willard Richards

24 June 1804–11 Mar. 1854. Teacher, lecturer, doctor, clerk, printer, editor, postmaster. Born at Hopkinton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Joseph Richards and Rhoda Howe. Moved to Richmond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 1813; to Chatham, Columbia Co...

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, who served as JS’s scribe from December 1841 until JS’s death in June 1844 and served as church historian from December 1842 until his own death in March 1854.
1

JS, Journal, 13 Dec. 1841 and 21 Dec. 1842; Orson Spencer, “Death of Our Beloved Brother Willard Richards,” Deseret News (Salt Lake City), 16 Mar. 1854, [2].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Deseret News. Salt Lake City. 1850–.

A second docket was later added on the same leaf by
Thomas Bullock

23 Dec. 1816–10 Feb. 1885. Farmer, excise officer, secretary, clerk. Born in Leek, Staffordshire, England. Son of Thomas Bullock and Mary Hall. Married Henrietta Rushton, 25 June 1838. Moved to Ardee, Co. Louth, Ireland, Nov. 1839; to Isle of Anglesey, Aug...

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, who served as JS’s scribe from 1843 to 1844 and as clerk to the church historian and recorder from 1845 to 1865:
2

Jessee, “Writing of Joseph Smith’s History,” 456, 458; Woodruff, Journal, 22 Jan. 1865.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Jessee, Dean C. “The Writing of Joseph Smith’s History.” BYU Studies 11 (Summer 1971): 439–473.

Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

“
H R. Hotchkiss

15 Apr. 1799–21 Apr. 1849. Merchant, land speculator. Born in East Haven, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Heman Hotchkiss and Elizabeth Rowe. Moved to New Haven, New Haven Co., by 1815. Married Charlotte Austin Street, 22 Feb. 1824, in East Haven. Purchased...

View Full Bio
| to | Joseph Smith | recd. 23 Augt. | ansd. 25th.”. The letter has presumably remained in institutional custody since its receipt in 1841, when Richards docketed and filed it.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    JS, Journal, 13 Dec. 1841 and 21 Dec. 1842; Orson Spencer, “Death of Our Beloved Brother Willard Richards,” Deseret News (Salt Lake City), 16 Mar. 1854, [2].

    Deseret News. Salt Lake City. 1850–.

  2. [2]

    Jessee, “Writing of Joseph Smith’s History,” 456, 458; Woodruff, Journal, 22 Jan. 1865.

    Jessee, Dean C. “The Writing of Joseph Smith’s History.” BYU Studies 11 (Summer 1971): 439–473.

    Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

Historical Introduction

Horace Hotchkiss

15 Apr. 1799–21 Apr. 1849. Merchant, land speculator. Born in East Haven, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Heman Hotchkiss and Elizabeth Rowe. Moved to New Haven, New Haven Co., by 1815. Married Charlotte Austin Street, 22 Feb. 1824, in East Haven. Purchased...

View Full Bio
, a land speculator in
Connecticut

Originally inhabited by native Algonquin tribes. Among first thirteen colonies that formed U.S., southernmost state in New England. First permanent European settlements established by members of Massachusetts Bay Colony, ca. 1635. Population in 1820 about...

More Info
, wrote a letter to JS in
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Illinois, on 24 July 1841, expressing concern over the
church

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

View Glossary
’s lack of payment on lands purchased from him and his partners,
Smith Tuttle

12 Mar. 1795–7 Mar. 1865. Shipping merchant, land speculator. Born in East Haven, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Christopher Tuttle and Abigail Luddington. Moved to Wallingford, New Haven Co., by 1810. Married first Rachel Gillett. Married second Amarilla...

View Full Bio
and
John Gillet

2 Aug. 1796–17 July 1848. Likely born in Connecticut. Son of Benoni Gillett and Phoebe Dean. Moved to Commerce (later Nauvoo), Hancock Co., Illinois, by May 1837. In Aug. 1839, with land-speculating partners Horace Hotchkiss and Smith Tuttle, sold land in...

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. In 1839, Hotchkiss and his partners sold several large tracts of land in the Nauvoo area to JS,
Sidney Rigdon

19 Feb. 1793–14 July 1876. Tanner, farmer, minister. Born at St. Clair, Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania. Son of William Rigdon and Nancy Gallaher. Joined United Baptists, ca. 1818. Preached at Warren, Trumbull Co., Ohio, and vicinity, 1819–1821. Married Phebe...

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, and
Hyrum Smith

9 Feb. 1800–27 June 1844. Farmer, cooper. Born at Tunbridge, Orange Co., Vermont. Son of Joseph Smith Sr. and Lucy Mack. Moved to Randolph, Orange Co., 1802; back to Tunbridge, before May 1803; to Royalton, Windsor Co., Vermont, 1804; to Sharon, Windsor Co...

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. In accordance with the contracted repayment schedule, Hotchkiss and his partners were expecting an annual interest payment of $3,000 in or around August 1841.
1

See Bond from Horace Hotchkiss, 12 Aug. 1839–A.


In February 1841, JS commissioned
Hyrum Smith

9 Feb. 1800–27 June 1844. Farmer, cooper. Born at Tunbridge, Orange Co., Vermont. Son of Joseph Smith Sr. and Lucy Mack. Moved to Randolph, Orange Co., 1802; back to Tunbridge, before May 1803; to Royalton, Windsor Co., Vermont, 1804; to Sharon, Windsor Co...

View Full Bio
and
Isaac Galland

15 May 1791–27 Sept. 1858. Merchant, postmaster, land speculator, doctor. Born at Somerset Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Matthew Galland and Hannah Fenno. Married first Nancy Harris, 22 Mar. 1811, in Madison Co., Ohio. Married second Margaret Knight, by 1816....

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to act as
agents

A specific church office and, more generally, someone “entrusted with the business of another.” Agents in the church assisted other ecclesiastical officers, especially the bishop in his oversight of the church’s temporal affairs. A May 1831 revelation instructed...

View Glossary
on his behalf to settle the debt with
Hotchkiss

15 Apr. 1799–21 Apr. 1849. Merchant, land speculator. Born in East Haven, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Heman Hotchkiss and Elizabeth Rowe. Moved to New Haven, New Haven Co., by 1815. Married Charlotte Austin Street, 22 Feb. 1824, in East Haven. Purchased...

View Full Bio
. After arriving in the eastern
United States

North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...

More Info
by the end of March, the two men worked to exchange lands in
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
for lands from the Saints in the East; they intended then to deed those eastern lands to Hotchkiss as payment.
2

Authorization for Hyrum Smith and Isaac Galland, 15 Feb. 1841; Snow, Journal, 1838–1841, 103.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Snow, Erastus. Journals, 1835–1851; 1856–1857. CHL. MS 1329, box 1, fds. 1–3.

Hotchkiss had verbally agreed to this arrangement and was expecting the delivery of these deeds.
3

Horace Hotchkiss, Fair Haven, CT, to Hyrum Smith, Nauvoo, IL, 13 May 1841, JS Office Papers, CHL.


After procuring some property and transacting other church business in the northeastern United States, Hyrum Smith returned to Nauvoo at the end of April 1841.
4

The reason for Hyrum’s premature return is unclear, but he reportedly returned to Nauvoo in “good health.” (News Item, Times and Seasons, 1 May 1841, 2:403; Philadelphia Branch Record Book, 6 Apr. 1841; Letter from Smith Tuttle, ca. 15 Sept. 1841; Clayton, Diary, 2 May 1841.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

Philadelphia Branch, Record Book, 1840–1854. CCLA.

Clayton, William. Diary, Vol. 1, 1840–1842. BYU.

Galland was to continue procuring properties in the East and then meet Hotchkiss and his partners to turn over the land deeds as payment on the outstanding debt.
5

Letter to Oliver Granger, 4 May 1841; Letter from Smith Tuttle, ca. 15 Sept. 1841.


As of 13 May, however, no such meeting had taken place, and Hotchkiss addressed a letter to Hyrum Smith in Nauvoo expressing his surprise at the delay and urging Hyrum to make immediate arrangements for payment.
6

Horace Hotchkiss, Fair Haven, CT, to Hyrum Smith, Nauvoo, IL, 13 May 1841, JS Office Papers, CHL.


Although it is unclear when
Hyrum Smith

9 Feb. 1800–27 June 1844. Farmer, cooper. Born at Tunbridge, Orange Co., Vermont. Son of Joseph Smith Sr. and Lucy Mack. Moved to Randolph, Orange Co., 1802; back to Tunbridge, before May 1803; to Royalton, Windsor Co., Vermont, 1804; to Sharon, Windsor Co...

View Full Bio
received the letter, he and
William Law

8 Sept. 1809–12/19 Jan. 1892. Merchant, millwright, physician. Born in Co. Tyrone, Ireland. Son of Richard Law and Ann Hunter. Immigrated to U.S. and settled in Springfield Township, Mercer Co., Pennsylvania, by 1820. Moved to Delaware Township, Mercer Co...

View Full Bio
left from
Quincy

Located on high limestone bluffs east of Mississippi River, about forty-five miles south of Nauvoo. Settled 1821. Adams Co. seat, 1825. Incorporated as town, 1834. Received city charter, 1840. Population in 1835 about 800; in 1840 about 2,300; and in 1845...

More Info
, Illinois, on another assignment to the eastern
United States

North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...

More Info
in early June, with the apparent purpose of continuing efforts to secure properties for
Hotchkiss

15 Apr. 1799–21 Apr. 1849. Merchant, land speculator. Born in East Haven, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Heman Hotchkiss and Elizabeth Rowe. Moved to New Haven, New Haven Co., by 1815. Married Charlotte Austin Street, 22 Feb. 1824, in East Haven. Purchased...

View Full Bio
.
7

“The Late Proceedings,” Times and Seasons, 15 June 1841, 2:447.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

Evidently aware of this assignment, Hotchkiss requested that Hyrum visit
Fair Haven

Village in south-central Connecticut, located on Quinnipiac River. Population in 1853 about 3,000.

More Info
, Connecticut, to transfer the agreed-upon properties. Due to illness, however, Hyrum returned home prematurely after visiting the
branches

An ecclesiastical organization of church members in a particular locale. A branch was generally smaller than a stake or a conference. Branches were also referred to as churches, as in “the Church of Shalersville.” In general, a branch was led by a presiding...

View Glossary
in
Philadelphia

Port city founded as Quaker settlement by William Penn, 1681. Site of signing of Declaration of Independence and drafting of U.S. Constitution. Nation’s capital city, 1790–1800. Population in 1830 about 170,000; in 1840 about 260,000; and in 1850 about 410...

More Info
and
New York

Dutch founded New Netherland colony, 1625. Incorporated under British control and renamed New York, 1664. Harbor contributed to economic and population growth of city; became largest city in American colonies. British troops defeated Continental Army under...

More Info
and making a short stop in
Salem

Port city located northeast of Boston. Population in 1830 about 14,000. Population in 1840 about 15,000. JS visited city as a young boy while recovering from leg surgery to remove diseased bone. JS, Hyrum Smith, Oliver Cowdery, and Sidney Rigdon visited city...

More Info
, Massachusetts.
8

George A. Smith, Journal, 21 June 1841; Letter from John M. Bernhisel, 12 July 1841; Letter to Horace Hotchkiss, 25 Aug. 1841; Snow, Journal, 1841–1847, 3. While details of his visit to Salem are scarce, Hyrum may have made the visit hoping to find a solution to the church’s debts. During this assignment, Hyrum carried with him a copy of JS’s 6 August 1836 revelation, which alluded to “much treasure” in Salem, and may have been hoping to realize the revelation’s promise that God would give the Saints “power to pay” their debts. Following his short visit to Salem, Hyrum stopped in Philadelphia, where he assigned Erastus Snow and Benjamin Winchester “to establish the kingdom in that city.” He gave a copy of the 6 August revelation to Erastus Snow and Benjamin Winchester, stating his belief that “the due time of the Lord had come” for its fulfillment. (Revelation, 6 Aug. 1836 [D&C 111]; Snow, Journal, 1841–1847, 3–4.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Smith, George A. Journal, 22 Feb. 1841–10 Mar. 1845. George Albert Smith, Papers, 1834–1877. CHL. MS 1322, box 2, fd. 4.

Snow, Erastus. Journals, 1835–1851; 1856–1857. CHL. MS 1329, box 1, fds. 1–3.

Extant records reveal that
Hyrum Smith

9 Feb. 1800–27 June 1844. Farmer, cooper. Born at Tunbridge, Orange Co., Vermont. Son of Joseph Smith Sr. and Lucy Mack. Moved to Randolph, Orange Co., 1802; back to Tunbridge, before May 1803; to Royalton, Windsor Co., Vermont, 1804; to Sharon, Windsor Co...

View Full Bio
and
Galland

15 May 1791–27 Sept. 1858. Merchant, postmaster, land speculator, doctor. Born at Somerset Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Matthew Galland and Hannah Fenno. Married first Nancy Harris, 22 Mar. 1811, in Madison Co., Ohio. Married second Margaret Knight, by 1816....

View Full Bio
succeeded in obtaining some real estate meant to be transferred to
Hotchkiss

15 Apr. 1799–21 Apr. 1849. Merchant, land speculator. Born in East Haven, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Heman Hotchkiss and Elizabeth Rowe. Moved to New Haven, New Haven Co., by 1815. Married Charlotte Austin Street, 22 Feb. 1824, in East Haven. Purchased...

View Full Bio
.
9

By late July, the two had reportedly succeeded in obtaining “nearly enough” land to make the required payment. (JS et al., Bond, Nauvoo, IL, to Henry Kern, Bart Township, PA, 6 Apr. 1841, JS Collection, CHL; Isaac Galland, Philadelphia, to Edward Hunter, [West Nantmeal Township, PA], 27 July 1841, Edward Hunter, Collection, CHL; Robert Peirce, Nauvoo, IL, to JS, Nauvoo, IL, 28 Feb. 1842, in Times and Seasons, 1 Mar. 1842, 3:715; Letter to Horace Hotchkiss, 25 Aug. 1841.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Hunter, Edward. Collection, ca. 1798–1965. Photocopy and typescript. CHL.

Though it is unclear exactly what happened with the acquired properties, Galland apparently sold some of them to other buyers in the East.
10

Extant deeds reveal that lands were first transferred to Almon Babbitt, who was acting as an agent for JS, and then to Galland. In a letter to Edward Hunter, Galland mentioned he had sold some of the properties. Since the deeds for those lands were never given to Hotchkiss, Galland seems to have sold them for personal gain. (Isaac Galland, Philadelphia, to Edward Hunter, [West Nantmeal Township, PA], 27 July 1841, Edward Hunter, Collection, CHL; Chester Co., PA, Deeds, 1688–1903, vol. U-4, pp. 82–83, 185–188, 271–275, microfilm 557,205, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL; Peirce, Robert and Hannah Harvey Peirce, 63.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Hunter, Edward. Collection, ca. 1798–1965. Photocopy and typescript. CHL.

U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.

Peirce, Earl Harvey. Robert and Hannah Harvey Peirce, 1847 Pioneers: Including Some of Their Ancestors and Descendants. Provo, UT: By the author, 1990.

In late July, Galland wrote to Hotchkiss to inform him that he intended to return immediately to
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
and that
William Smith

13 Mar. 1811–13 Nov. 1893. Farmer, newspaper editor. Born at Royalton, Windsor Co., Vermont. Son of Joseph Smith Sr. and Lucy Mack. Moved to Lebanon, Grafton Co., New Hampshire, 1811; to Norwich, Windsor Co., 1813; and to Palmyra, Ontario Co., New York, 1816...

View Full Bio
would see to the intended land transfer.
11

While Hotchkiss stated only that Galland was “leaving for the west,” Smith Tuttle clarified that Galland had stated he was “on his way to Nauvoo,” as William Smith confirmed in his 5 August 1841 letter. (Letter from Smith Tuttle, ca. 15 Sept. 1841; Letter from William Smith, 5 Aug. 1841.)


Although frustrated, Hotchkiss agreed to call on William Smith in hopes of receiving payment on the Nauvoo lands.
Hotchkiss

15 Apr. 1799–21 Apr. 1849. Merchant, land speculator. Born in East Haven, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Heman Hotchkiss and Elizabeth Rowe. Moved to New Haven, New Haven Co., by 1815. Married Charlotte Austin Street, 22 Feb. 1824, in East Haven. Purchased...

View Full Bio
mailed this 24 July 1841 letter from the
New Haven

Significant port city in Connecticut, four miles from Long Island Sound. Settled by company from London, 1638. United with Connecticut Colony, 1662. Population in 1830 about 10,000. Population in 1840 about 13,000. JS corresponded with Horace Hotchkiss and...

More Info
, Connecticut, post office on 26 July. JS received it nearly a month later on 23 August and wrote a response two days later.
12

Letter to Horace Hotchkiss, 25 Aug. 1841.


Footnotes

  1. [1]

    See Bond from Horace Hotchkiss, 12 Aug. 1839–A.

  2. [2]

    Authorization for Hyrum Smith and Isaac Galland, 15 Feb. 1841; Snow, Journal, 1838–1841, 103.

    Snow, Erastus. Journals, 1835–1851; 1856–1857. CHL. MS 1329, box 1, fds. 1–3.

  3. [3]

    Horace Hotchkiss, Fair Haven, CT, to Hyrum Smith, Nauvoo, IL, 13 May 1841, JS Office Papers, CHL.

  4. [4]

    The reason for Hyrum’s premature return is unclear, but he reportedly returned to Nauvoo in “good health.” (News Item, Times and Seasons, 1 May 1841, 2:403; Philadelphia Branch Record Book, 6 Apr. 1841; Letter from Smith Tuttle, ca. 15 Sept. 1841; Clayton, Diary, 2 May 1841.)

    Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

    Philadelphia Branch, Record Book, 1840–1854. CCLA.

    Clayton, William. Diary, Vol. 1, 1840–1842. BYU.

  5. [5]

    Letter to Oliver Granger, 4 May 1841; Letter from Smith Tuttle, ca. 15 Sept. 1841.

  6. [6]

    Horace Hotchkiss, Fair Haven, CT, to Hyrum Smith, Nauvoo, IL, 13 May 1841, JS Office Papers, CHL.

  7. [7]

    “The Late Proceedings,” Times and Seasons, 15 June 1841, 2:447.

    Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

  8. [8]

    George A. Smith, Journal, 21 June 1841; Letter from John M. Bernhisel, 12 July 1841; Letter to Horace Hotchkiss, 25 Aug. 1841; Snow, Journal, 1841–1847, 3. While details of his visit to Salem are scarce, Hyrum may have made the visit hoping to find a solution to the church’s debts. During this assignment, Hyrum carried with him a copy of JS’s 6 August 1836 revelation, which alluded to “much treasure” in Salem, and may have been hoping to realize the revelation’s promise that God would give the Saints “power to pay” their debts. Following his short visit to Salem, Hyrum stopped in Philadelphia, where he assigned Erastus Snow and Benjamin Winchester “to establish the kingdom in that city.” He gave a copy of the 6 August revelation to Erastus Snow and Benjamin Winchester, stating his belief that “the due time of the Lord had come” for its fulfillment. (Revelation, 6 Aug. 1836 [D&C 111]; Snow, Journal, 1841–1847, 3–4.)

    Smith, George A. Journal, 22 Feb. 1841–10 Mar. 1845. George Albert Smith, Papers, 1834–1877. CHL. MS 1322, box 2, fd. 4.

    Snow, Erastus. Journals, 1835–1851; 1856–1857. CHL. MS 1329, box 1, fds. 1–3.

  9. [9]

    By late July, the two had reportedly succeeded in obtaining “nearly enough” land to make the required payment. (JS et al., Bond, Nauvoo, IL, to Henry Kern, Bart Township, PA, 6 Apr. 1841, JS Collection, CHL; Isaac Galland, Philadelphia, to Edward Hunter, [West Nantmeal Township, PA], 27 July 1841, Edward Hunter, Collection, CHL; Robert Peirce, Nauvoo, IL, to JS, Nauvoo, IL, 28 Feb. 1842, in Times and Seasons, 1 Mar. 1842, 3:715; Letter to Horace Hotchkiss, 25 Aug. 1841.)

    Hunter, Edward. Collection, ca. 1798–1965. Photocopy and typescript. CHL.

  10. [10]

    Extant deeds reveal that lands were first transferred to Almon Babbitt, who was acting as an agent for JS, and then to Galland. In a letter to Edward Hunter, Galland mentioned he had sold some of the properties. Since the deeds for those lands were never given to Hotchkiss, Galland seems to have sold them for personal gain. (Isaac Galland, Philadelphia, to Edward Hunter, [West Nantmeal Township, PA], 27 July 1841, Edward Hunter, Collection, CHL; Chester Co., PA, Deeds, 1688–1903, vol. U-4, pp. 82–83, 185–188, 271–275, microfilm 557,205, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL; Peirce, Robert and Hannah Harvey Peirce, 63.)

    Hunter, Edward. Collection, ca. 1798–1965. Photocopy and typescript. CHL.

    U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.

    Peirce, Earl Harvey. Robert and Hannah Harvey Peirce, 1847 Pioneers: Including Some of Their Ancestors and Descendants. Provo, UT: By the author, 1990.

  11. [11]

    While Hotchkiss stated only that Galland was “leaving for the west,” Smith Tuttle clarified that Galland had stated he was “on his way to Nauvoo,” as William Smith confirmed in his 5 August 1841 letter. (Letter from Smith Tuttle, ca. 15 Sept. 1841; Letter from William Smith, 5 Aug. 1841.)

  12. [12]

    Letter to Horace Hotchkiss, 25 Aug. 1841.

Asterisk (*) denotes a "featured" version, which includes an introduction and annotation. *Letter from Horace Hotchkiss, 24 July 1841 History, 1838–1856, volume C-1 Addenda “History of Joseph Smith”

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Editorial Title
Letter from Horace Hotchkiss, 24 July 1841
ID #
666
Total Pages
4
Print Volume Location
JSP, D8:212–215
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