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Letter from John Laws, 18 October 1841

Source Note

John Laws, Letter,
Philadelphia

Port city founded as Quaker settlement by William Penn, 1681. Site of signing of Declaration of Independence and drafting of U.S. Constitution. Nation’s capital city, 1790–1800. Population in 1830 about 170,000; in 1840 about 260,000; and in 1850 about 410...

More Info
, Philadelphia Co., PA, to JS,
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Hancock Co., IL, 18 Oct. 1841; handwriting of John Laws; three pages; JS Collection, CHL. Includes address, postal notation, postal stamps, notation, endorsement, and docket.
Bifolium measuring 10 × 7¾ inches (25 × 20 cm). The letter was trifolded twice in letter style and then sealed with a red adhesive wafer, addressed, stamped with postmarks, and inscribed with postage. The middle of the second leaf was torn likely when the letter was opened. Residue from the adhesive wafer remains on the verso of the second leaf.
The document was docketed by
Thomas Bullock

23 Dec. 1816–10 Feb. 1885. Farmer, excise officer, secretary, clerk. Born in Leek, Staffordshire, England. Son of Thomas Bullock and Mary Hall. Married Henrietta Rushton, 25 June 1838. Moved to Ardee, Co. Louth, Ireland, Nov. 1839; to Isle of Anglesey, Aug...

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, who served as JS’s scribe from 1843 to 1844 and as clerk to the church historian and recorder from 1845 to 1865.
1

Jessee, “Writing of Joseph Smith’s History,” 456, 458; Woodruff, Journal, 22 Jan. 1865.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Jessee, Dean C. “The Writing of Joseph Smith’s History.” BYU Studies 11 (Summer 1971): 439–473.

Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

The letter is listed along with 1842 letters in a Church Historian’s Office inventory from circa 1904.
2

“Letters to and from the Prophet,” ca. 1904, 1, Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL. This item was mistakenly listed in the 1842 letters on the inventory, probably based on an incorrect notation from Bullock.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.

By 1973 the document had been included in the JS Collection at the Church Historical Department (now CHL).
3

See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection, 1827–1844, in the CHL catalog.


The docket, inventory, and inclusion in the JS Collection suggest continuous institutional custody of the letter since its receipt.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    Jessee, “Writing of Joseph Smith’s History,” 456, 458; Woodruff, Journal, 22 Jan. 1865.

    Jessee, Dean C. “The Writing of Joseph Smith’s History.” BYU Studies 11 (Summer 1971): 439–473.

    Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

  2. [2]

    “Letters to and from the Prophet,” ca. 1904, 1, Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL. This item was mistakenly listed in the 1842 letters on the inventory, probably based on an incorrect notation from Bullock.

    Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.

  3. [3]

    See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection, 1827–1844, in the CHL catalog.

Historical Introduction

John Laws, a local politician and resident of
Philadelphia

Port city founded as Quaker settlement by William Penn, 1681. Site of signing of Declaration of Independence and drafting of U.S. Constitution. Nation’s capital city, 1790–1800. Population in 1830 about 170,000; in 1840 about 260,000; and in 1850 about 410...

More Info
, wrote a letter of inquiry to JS in
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Illinois, on 18 October 1841.
1

Laws was a resident of the Northern Liberties neighborhood of Philadelphia as early as 1830. He served in city government offices as early as 1831. (1830 U.S. Census, Northern Liberties Ward 4, Philadelphia Co., PA, 84; “Cause of the Poles,” Hazard’s Register of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], 24 Sept. 1831, 200; see also Martin, Martin’s Bench and Bar of Philadelphia, 93; and “John Laws, Alderman,” Public Ledger [Philadelphia], 19 Feb. 1841, [1].)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Census (U.S.) / U.S. Bureau of the Census. Population Schedules. Microfilm. FHL.

Hazard’s Register of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia. 1828–1835.

Martin, John Hill. Martin’s Bench and Bar of Philadelphia, Together with other Lists of Persons Appointed to Administer the Laws in the City and County of Philadelphia, and the Province and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: Rees Welsh, 1883.

Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

During the previous two months, Laws, who was not a
Latter-day Saint

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

View Glossary
, had written at least three lengthy letters to city newspapers defending the church from attacks that had appeared in Philadelphia’s Daily Chronicle, Saturday Courier, and Public Ledger. In connection with this effort, Laws wrote to JS seeking additional information about a claim made in the Saturday Courier that the Saints had defrauded a Philadelphia church member out of his property earlier in 1841.
2

“The Mormons,” Saturday Courier (Philadelphia), 14 Aug. 1841, [2]; “A Mormon Champion,” Saturday Courier, 4 Sept. 1841, [2].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Saturday Courier. Philadelphia. 1841–1848.

In the late 1830s and early 1840s, Latter-day Saint missionaries experienced tremendous success in the Delaware River valley between
Pennsylvania

Area first settled by Swedish immigrants, 1628. William Penn received grant for territory from King Charles II, 1681, and established British settlement, 1682. Philadelphia was center of government for original thirteen U.S. colonies from time of Revolutionary...

More Info
and
New Jersey

Located in northeast region of U.S. First European settlements made by Dutch, Swedes, and English, early 1600s. Admitted to U.S. as state, Dec. 1787. Population in 1830 about 321,000. Population in 1840 about 373,000. First Latter-day Saint missionaries preached...

More Info
. Out of this success, several church
branches

An ecclesiastical organization of church members in a particular locale. A branch was generally smaller than a stake or a conference. Branches were also referred to as churches, as in “the Church of Shalersville.” In general, a branch was led by a presiding...

View Glossary
were established in the region, including a large branch in
Philadelphia

Port city founded as Quaker settlement by William Penn, 1681. Site of signing of Declaration of Independence and drafting of U.S. Constitution. Nation’s capital city, 1790–1800. Population in 1830 about 170,000; in 1840 about 260,000; and in 1850 about 410...

More Info
in December 1839.
3

Philadelphia Branch Record Book, 23 Dec. 1839.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Philadelphia Branch, Record Book, 1840–1854. CCLA.

As the Latter-day Saint presence expanded in eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey, some Philadelphia newspapers began publishing unfavorable articles and letters to dissuade local residents from joining the church.
4

See, for example, “Communication,” Daily Chronicle (Philadelphia), 11 Sept. 1841, [1]; and “The Mormons,” Daily Chronicle, 25 Sept. 1841, [1]; see also “Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Public Ledger (Philadelphia), 28 Aug. 1841, [2].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Daily Chronicle. Philadelphia. 1828–1834.

Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

Among the most damaging accusations printed in the Philadelphia papers were complaints that the church had been dishonest in its financial dealings in
Kirtland

Located ten miles south of Lake Erie. Settled by 1811. Organized by 1818. Latter-day Saint missionaries visited township, early Nov. 1830; many residents joined Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Population in 1830 about 55 Latter-day Saints and...

More Info
, Ohio, and that it continued to defraud members in eastern Pennsylvania.
5

“A Mormon Disturbance,” Daily Chronicle (Philadelphia), 19 Feb. 1841, [2]; “Communication,” Daily Chronicle, 11 Sept. 1841, [1].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Daily Chronicle. Philadelphia. 1828–1834.

For example, the Saturday Courier published accusations that Latter-day Saint missionaries “scoured the branches in the east for money” and implied that the missionaries had “resorted to the most culpable and criminal means to obtain it.”
6

“Extraordinary Impositions of the ‘Latter Day Saints,’” Saturday Courier (Philadelphia), 10 July 1841, [2]; “To Readers and Correspondents,” Saturday Courier, 7 Aug. 1841, [2]; “Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Public Ledger (Philadelphia), 28 Aug. 1841, [2].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Saturday Courier. Philadelphia. 1841–1848.

Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

The Daily Chronicle warned that the Saints were persuading new church members to “convert their property into cash to be placed in a common fund.” In the eyes of these critics, the chief purpose of the church was “to get possession of other people’s property.”
7

“A Mormon Disturbance,” Daily Chronicle (Philadelphia), 19 Feb. 1841, [2]; “A Mormon Champion,” Saturday Courier (Philadelphia), 4 Sept. 1841, [2].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Daily Chronicle. Philadelphia. 1828–1834.

Saturday Courier. Philadelphia. 1841–1848.

These rumors likely emanated from the church’s recent efforts to obtain lands in the East, the frequency with which early missionaries solicited financial assistance from the region’s converts, and perhaps a misunderstanding of the law of
consecration

The dedicating of money, lands, goods, or one’s own life for sacred purposes. Both the New Testament and Book of Mormon referred to some groups having “all things common” economically; the Book of Mormon also referred to individuals who consecrated or dedicated...

View Glossary
.
8

See Letter from Benjamin Winchester, 18 Sept. 1841; and Letter from John E. Page, 1 Sept. 1841. For an explanation of the law of consecration, see Revelation, 9 Feb. 1831 [D&C 42:1–72].


Branches in the eastern
United States

North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...

More Info
contained some of the most financially successful members of the early church, and those members were sometimes asked by church leaders to provide assistance.
9

See Fleming and Grua, “Impact of Edward Hunter’s Conversion,” 135.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Fleming, Stephen J., and David W. Grua, eds. “The Impact of Edward Hunter’s Conversion to Mormonism in Chester County, Pennsylvania: Henry M. Vallette’s 1869 Letter.” Mormon Historical Studies 6, no. 1 (Spring 2005): 133–138.

For instance,
Hyrum Smith

9 Feb. 1800–27 June 1844. Farmer, cooper. Born at Tunbridge, Orange Co., Vermont. Son of Joseph Smith Sr. and Lucy Mack. Moved to Randolph, Orange Co., 1802; back to Tunbridge, before May 1803; to Royalton, Windsor Co., Vermont, 1804; to Sharon, Windsor Co...

View Full Bio
,
Isaac Galland

15 May 1791–27 Sept. 1858. Merchant, postmaster, land speculator, doctor. Born at Somerset Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Matthew Galland and Hannah Fenno. Married first Nancy Harris, 22 Mar. 1811, in Madison Co., Ohio. Married second Margaret Knight, by 1816....

View Full Bio
, and
Almon Babbitt

Oct. 1812–Sept. 1856. Postmaster, editor, attorney. Born at Cheshire, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of Ira Babbitt and Nancy Crosier. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, ca. 1830. Located in Amherst, Lorain Co., Ohio, July 1831....

View Full Bio
had solicited the help of eastern church members to pay the church’s debts to
Horace Hotchkiss

15 Apr. 1799–21 Apr. 1849. Merchant, land speculator. Born in East Haven, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Heman Hotchkiss and Elizabeth Rowe. Moved to New Haven, New Haven Co., by 1815. Married Charlotte Austin Street, 22 Feb. 1824, in East Haven. Purchased...

View Full Bio
for land purchases in
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
—the three men hoped to obtain lands from these Saints in exchange for commensurate properties in
Illinois

Became part of Northwest Territory of U.S., 1787. Admitted as state, 1818. Population in 1840 about 480,000. Population in 1845 about 660,000. Plentiful, inexpensive land attracted settlers from northern and southern states. Following expulsion from Missouri...

More Info
and
Iowa Territory

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803. First permanent white settlements established, ca. 1833. Organized as territory, 1838, containing all of present-day Iowa, much of present-day Minnesota, and parts of North and South Dakota. Population in...

More Info
. Hyrum Smith and Galland then intended to use the newly acquired properties to pay for the Hotchkiss lands.
10

Horace Hotchkiss, Fair Haven, CT, to Hyrum Smith, Nauvoo, IL, 13 May 1841, JS Office Papers, CHL; Letter from Horace Hotchkiss, 24 July 1841; Letter from William Smith, 5 Aug. 1841.


In August a Daily Chronicle correspondent, writing under a pseudonym, referenced Galland’s mission, calling him a land speculator and suggesting that his purpose was to “shuffle his western lands off” to unsuspecting converts.
11

“Communication,” Daily Chronicle (Philadelphia), 11 Sept. 1841, [1]. The accusation was evidently a response to a July 1841 article that Galland had published in the Public Ledger, criticizing those who made charges against the church. (“Mormonism, Mormonism,” Public Ledger [Philadelphia], 21 July 1841, [2].)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Daily Chronicle. Philadelphia. 1828–1834.

Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

Responding to these criticisms, Laws wrote letters to both the Public Ledger and the Daily Chronicle defending the Latter-day Saints.
12

“Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Public Ledger (Philadelphia), 28 Aug. 1841, [2]; “Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Public Ledger, 11 Sept. 1841, [3]; John Laws, Northern Liberties, PA, 15 Sept. 1841, Letter to the Editor, Daily Chronicle (Philadelphia), 18 Sept. 1841, [2].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

Daily Chronicle. Philadelphia. 1828–1834.

Although Laws had no intention of joining the church, he evidently had family members and friends who had converted.
13

Though it is uncertain exactly which early members of the Philadelphia branch were friends or family members of Laws, the Philadelphia Branch Record Book includes the names of Peter F. and Mary Ann Laws. (“Names of the Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in Philadelphia,” in Philadelphia Branch Record Book.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Philadelphia Branch, Record Book, 1840–1854. CCLA.

Although he hoped these individuals would one day “renounce the doctrine and cleave to that of their fathers,” Laws took exception to “the curses and anathemas” heaped upon the church in the newspapers and endeavored to correct the errors.
14

“Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Public Ledger (Philadelphia), 28 Aug. 1841, [2]; see also “Extraordinary Impositions of the ‘Latter Day Saints,’” Saturday Courier (Philadelphia), 10 July 1841, [2]; “The Mormons,” Saturday Courier, 14 Aug. 1841, [2]; “A Mormon Champion,” Saturday Courier, 4 Sept. 1841, [2]; “Communication,” Daily Chronicle (Philadelphia), 11 Sept. 1841, [1]; and “The Mormons,” Daily Chronicle, 25 Sept. 1841, [1].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

Saturday Courier. Philadelphia. 1841–1848.

Daily Chronicle. Philadelphia. 1828–1834.

Specifically, Laws addressed allegations that the Saints had not paid for Kirtland Bank note plates, stating that he was aware of evidence of payment.
15

“Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Public Ledger (Philadelphia), 11 Sept. 1841, [3]; see also “The Mormons,” Saturday Courier (Philadelphia), 14 Aug. 1841, [2]. Following their departure from Kirtland in 1838, JS and other church members owed a debt of approximately $2,000 to Thomas Underwood, Robert Bald, Asa Spencer, and Samuel Hufty for services rendered as engravers for the Kirtland Safety Society bank note plates. Almon Babbitt paid off the debt on 2 April 1841. Likely learning of the payment upon Hyrum Smith’s return from the East in late April, JS wrote to Oliver Granger that “the house and store encumbered by the debts for the ‘Plates’ are now at liberty.” (Transcript of Proceedings, 16 Apr. 1839, Underwood et al. v. Rigdon, JS, et al., [Geauga Co. C.P. 1839], Final Record Book X, 35; Case Costs, 16 Apr. 1839, Underwood et al. v. Rigdon, JS, et al. [Geauga Co. C.P. 1839], Execution Docket G, 676, Geauga County Archives and Records Center, Chardon, OH; Letter to Oliver Granger, 4 May 1841.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

Saturday Courier. Philadelphia. 1841–1848.

Laws further advocated for the religious rights of the Saints, pointing out that the laws of both the
state

Area first settled by Swedish immigrants, 1628. William Penn received grant for territory from King Charles II, 1681, and established British settlement, 1682. Philadelphia was center of government for original thirteen U.S. colonies from time of Revolutionary...

More Info
and the
nation

North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...

More Info
guaranteed freedoms to all faiths, including the Latter-day Saints. He decried the suggestion in the Saturday Courier that the Saints had “no doubt well deserved the punishment meted out to them” in
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

More Info
.
16

“Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Public Ledger (Philadelphia), 28 Aug. 1841, [2]; “Extraordinary Impositions of the ‘Latter Day Saints,’” Saturday Courier (Philadelphia), 10 July 1841, [2].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

Saturday Courier. Philadelphia. 1841–1848.

Having previously defended the Saints in the
Philadelphia

Port city founded as Quaker settlement by William Penn, 1681. Site of signing of Declaration of Independence and drafting of U.S. Constitution. Nation’s capital city, 1790–1800. Population in 1830 about 170,000; in 1840 about 260,000; and in 1850 about 410...

More Info
press, Laws wrote the following letter to JS to obtain information regarding various claims about
Robert

11 Apr. 1797–27 Mar. 1884. Supervisor of roads, fireman, farmer. Born in Concord, Delaware Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Thomas Peirce (Pierce) and Margaret Trimble. Married Hannah Harvey, 23 Jan. 1821, in Pennsylvania. Moved to Uwchlan Township, Chester Co.,...

View Full Bio
and Hannah Peirce’s April 1841 transfer of lands to
Almon Babbitt

Oct. 1812–Sept. 1856. Postmaster, editor, attorney. Born at Cheshire, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of Ira Babbitt and Nancy Crosier. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, ca. 1830. Located in Amherst, Lorain Co., Ohio, July 1831....

View Full Bio
.
17

Chester Co., PA, Deeds, 1688–1903, vol. U-4, pp. 82–83, 187–188, microfilm 557,205, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL.


Comprehensive Works Cited

U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.

Seeking clarification on the matter, Laws requested that JS send him an affidavit and additional information that could prove the legitimacy of the land transaction.
The letter from Laws was mailed in
Philadelphia

Port city founded as Quaker settlement by William Penn, 1681. Site of signing of Declaration of Independence and drafting of U.S. Constitution. Nation’s capital city, 1790–1800. Population in 1830 about 170,000; in 1840 about 260,000; and in 1850 about 410...

More Info
on 22 October 1841 and likely arrived in
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
in early November. Upon its receipt,
John C. Bennett

3 Aug. 1804–5 Aug. 1867. Physician, minister, poultry breeder. Born at Fairhaven, Bristol Co., Massachusetts. Son of John Bennett and Abigail Cook. Moved to Marietta, Washington Co., Ohio, 1808; to Massachusetts, 1812; and back to Marietta, 1822. Married ...

View Full Bio
wrote on the letter’s third page a notation containing the financial details of the
Peirce

11 Apr. 1797–27 Mar. 1884. Supervisor of roads, fireman, farmer. Born in Concord, Delaware Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Thomas Peirce (Pierce) and Margaret Trimble. Married Hannah Harvey, 23 Jan. 1821, in Pennsylvania. Moved to Uwchlan Township, Chester Co.,...

View Full Bio
land sale. The notation indicates that JS either responded to or intended to respond to Laws’s letter. Extant information, however, reveals no further communications regarding the matter. Furthermore, Laws does not appear to have published additional letters in the Philadelphia newspapers regarding the Latter-day Saints or Peirce’s land.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    Laws was a resident of the Northern Liberties neighborhood of Philadelphia as early as 1830. He served in city government offices as early as 1831. (1830 U.S. Census, Northern Liberties Ward 4, Philadelphia Co., PA, 84; “Cause of the Poles,” Hazard’s Register of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], 24 Sept. 1831, 200; see also Martin, Martin’s Bench and Bar of Philadelphia, 93; and “John Laws, Alderman,” Public Ledger [Philadelphia], 19 Feb. 1841, [1].)

    Census (U.S.) / U.S. Bureau of the Census. Population Schedules. Microfilm. FHL.

    Hazard’s Register of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia. 1828–1835.

    Martin, John Hill. Martin’s Bench and Bar of Philadelphia, Together with other Lists of Persons Appointed to Administer the Laws in the City and County of Philadelphia, and the Province and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: Rees Welsh, 1883.

    Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

  2. [2]

    “The Mormons,” Saturday Courier (Philadelphia), 14 Aug. 1841, [2]; “A Mormon Champion,” Saturday Courier, 4 Sept. 1841, [2].

    Saturday Courier. Philadelphia. 1841–1848.

  3. [3]

    Philadelphia Branch Record Book, 23 Dec. 1839.

    Philadelphia Branch, Record Book, 1840–1854. CCLA.

  4. [4]

    See, for example, “Communication,” Daily Chronicle (Philadelphia), 11 Sept. 1841, [1]; and “The Mormons,” Daily Chronicle, 25 Sept. 1841, [1]; see also “Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Public Ledger (Philadelphia), 28 Aug. 1841, [2].

    Daily Chronicle. Philadelphia. 1828–1834.

    Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

  5. [5]

    “A Mormon Disturbance,” Daily Chronicle (Philadelphia), 19 Feb. 1841, [2]; “Communication,” Daily Chronicle, 11 Sept. 1841, [1].

    Daily Chronicle. Philadelphia. 1828–1834.

  6. [6]

    “Extraordinary Impositions of the ‘Latter Day Saints,’” Saturday Courier (Philadelphia), 10 July 1841, [2]; “To Readers and Correspondents,” Saturday Courier, 7 Aug. 1841, [2]; “Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Public Ledger (Philadelphia), 28 Aug. 1841, [2].

    Saturday Courier. Philadelphia. 1841–1848.

    Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

  7. [7]

    “A Mormon Disturbance,” Daily Chronicle (Philadelphia), 19 Feb. 1841, [2]; “A Mormon Champion,” Saturday Courier (Philadelphia), 4 Sept. 1841, [2].

    Daily Chronicle. Philadelphia. 1828–1834.

    Saturday Courier. Philadelphia. 1841–1848.

  8. [8]

    See Letter from Benjamin Winchester, 18 Sept. 1841; and Letter from John E. Page, 1 Sept. 1841. For an explanation of the law of consecration, see Revelation, 9 Feb. 1831 [D&C 42:1–72].

  9. [9]

    See Fleming and Grua, “Impact of Edward Hunter’s Conversion,” 135.

    Fleming, Stephen J., and David W. Grua, eds. “The Impact of Edward Hunter’s Conversion to Mormonism in Chester County, Pennsylvania: Henry M. Vallette’s 1869 Letter.” Mormon Historical Studies 6, no. 1 (Spring 2005): 133–138.

  10. [10]

    Horace Hotchkiss, Fair Haven, CT, to Hyrum Smith, Nauvoo, IL, 13 May 1841, JS Office Papers, CHL; Letter from Horace Hotchkiss, 24 July 1841; Letter from William Smith, 5 Aug. 1841.

  11. [11]

    “Communication,” Daily Chronicle (Philadelphia), 11 Sept. 1841, [1]. The accusation was evidently a response to a July 1841 article that Galland had published in the Public Ledger, criticizing those who made charges against the church. (“Mormonism, Mormonism,” Public Ledger [Philadelphia], 21 July 1841, [2].)

    Daily Chronicle. Philadelphia. 1828–1834.

    Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

  12. [12]

    “Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Public Ledger (Philadelphia), 28 Aug. 1841, [2]; “Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Public Ledger, 11 Sept. 1841, [3]; John Laws, Northern Liberties, PA, 15 Sept. 1841, Letter to the Editor, Daily Chronicle (Philadelphia), 18 Sept. 1841, [2].

    Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

    Daily Chronicle. Philadelphia. 1828–1834.

  13. [13]

    Though it is uncertain exactly which early members of the Philadelphia branch were friends or family members of Laws, the Philadelphia Branch Record Book includes the names of Peter F. and Mary Ann Laws. (“Names of the Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in Philadelphia,” in Philadelphia Branch Record Book.)

    Philadelphia Branch, Record Book, 1840–1854. CCLA.

  14. [14]

    “Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Public Ledger (Philadelphia), 28 Aug. 1841, [2]; see also “Extraordinary Impositions of the ‘Latter Day Saints,’” Saturday Courier (Philadelphia), 10 July 1841, [2]; “The Mormons,” Saturday Courier, 14 Aug. 1841, [2]; “A Mormon Champion,” Saturday Courier, 4 Sept. 1841, [2]; “Communication,” Daily Chronicle (Philadelphia), 11 Sept. 1841, [1]; and “The Mormons,” Daily Chronicle, 25 Sept. 1841, [1].

    Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

    Saturday Courier. Philadelphia. 1841–1848.

    Daily Chronicle. Philadelphia. 1828–1834.

  15. [15]

    “Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Public Ledger (Philadelphia), 11 Sept. 1841, [3]; see also “The Mormons,” Saturday Courier (Philadelphia), 14 Aug. 1841, [2]. Following their departure from Kirtland in 1838, JS and other church members owed a debt of approximately $2,000 to Thomas Underwood, Robert Bald, Asa Spencer, and Samuel Hufty for services rendered as engravers for the Kirtland Safety Society bank note plates. Almon Babbitt paid off the debt on 2 April 1841. Likely learning of the payment upon Hyrum Smith’s return from the East in late April, JS wrote to Oliver Granger that “the house and store encumbered by the debts for the ‘Plates’ are now at liberty.” (Transcript of Proceedings, 16 Apr. 1839, Underwood et al. v. Rigdon, JS, et al., [Geauga Co. C.P. 1839], Final Record Book X, 35; Case Costs, 16 Apr. 1839, Underwood et al. v. Rigdon, JS, et al. [Geauga Co. C.P. 1839], Execution Docket G, 676, Geauga County Archives and Records Center, Chardon, OH; Letter to Oliver Granger, 4 May 1841.)

    Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

    Saturday Courier. Philadelphia. 1841–1848.

  16. [16]

    “Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Public Ledger (Philadelphia), 28 Aug. 1841, [2]; “Extraordinary Impositions of the ‘Latter Day Saints,’” Saturday Courier (Philadelphia), 10 July 1841, [2].

    Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

    Saturday Courier. Philadelphia. 1841–1848.

  17. [17]

    Chester Co., PA, Deeds, 1688–1903, vol. U-4, pp. 82–83, 187–188, microfilm 557,205, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL.

    U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.

Page [1]

Philadelphia

Port city founded as Quaker settlement by William Penn, 1681. Site of signing of Declaration of Independence and drafting of U.S. Constitution. Nation’s capital city, 1790–1800. Population in 1830 about 170,000; in 1840 about 260,000; and in 1850 about 410...

More Info
October 18’ 1841
Sir. The undersigned having embarked in a controversy with some of the traducers of the
Mormon Sect

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

View Glossary
will be viewed I trust as a sufficient apology for my troubling you with this communication, If however your opinion should not accord with my own
1

Latter-day Saints generally accepted Laws’s detailing of events, stating that they were “a statement of facts as they are” and could be “perused with pleasure.” (Notice, Times and Seasons, 1 Oct. 1841, 2:558.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

I have no excuse to offer and you may dismiss the subject as a matter of no moment
It is possible that one or more communications
2

“Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Public Ledger (Philadelphia), 28 Aug. 1841, [2]; “Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Public Ledger, 11 Sept. 1841, [3]; John Laws, Northern Liberties, PA, 15 Sept. 1841, Letter to the Editor, Daily Chronicle (Philadelphia), 18 Sept. 1841, [2].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

Daily Chronicle. Philadelphia. 1828–1834.

published in the public Ledger
3

The Public Ledger was published from 1836 to 1925 in Philadelphia. Following its 1836 founding, the paper gained public appeal and an immediate readership because it cost one cent per issue rather than the five to six cents that other papers cost. Between 1840 and 1850, the paper’s circulation grew from 15,000 to 40,000. (Rottenberg, Man Who Made Wall Street, 73.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Rottenberg, Dan. The Man Who Made Wall Street: Anthony J. Drexel and the Rise of Modern Finance. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press, 2001.

and Daily Chronicle
4

The Daily Chronicle was published between 1841 and 1847 in Philadelphia.


of this
City

Port city founded as Quaker settlement by William Penn, 1681. Site of signing of Declaration of Independence and drafting of U.S. Constitution. Nation’s capital city, 1790–1800. Population in 1830 about 170,000; in 1840 about 260,000; and in 1850 about 410...

More Info
over the signature of J L in refutation of the aspersions cast upon the “Latter Day Saints” has met your eye
5

JS had been aware of one of Laws’s articles since at least 1 October 1841, when it was reprinted in the Times and Seasons. (“Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Times and Seasons, 1 Oct. 1841, 2:558–562.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

if this shall have been the Case you can more readily estimate the motives of the writer in seeking for information from the only source that will be relied on. The authors of the communications refered to was prompted to the task by feelings of indignation at what he believed to be a conspiracy of News Paper Editors and others to overthrow Mormonism by the summary process of exterminating its proselytes by sanguinary means and not by reason and argument
6

The Saturday Courier had apparently advocated exterminating the Latter-day Saints as the only answer to the problems surrounding them. Laws declared his “utter detestation and abhorrence” for the Courier’s stance, calling it “the most illiberal unjust, unchristian-like . . . and dangerous in its tendency, that ever emenated from the American Press.” (“Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Public Ledger [Philadelphia], 28 Aug. 1841, [2], italics in original.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

It is very evident that the unexpected and unwished for oppositions to their schemes has had a salutary effect in causing a cessation of hostilities for the present but whether to be revived again time will make manifest.
But what I wish to call your attention to is this. In a number of the Saturday Courier
7

The Saturday Courier was published from 1841 to 1848 in Philadelphia.


of August last may be found the following “last Saturday we were at the plantation of a friend of ours in
Chester County

Located in southeast Pennsylvania. Bordered on south by Maryland and Delaware and on north by Berks and Montgomery counties, Pennsylvania. Established as one of Pennsylvania’s three original counties, 1682. West Chester named county seat, 1784. Population...

More Info
and there we learned that the Mormon Preachers took the Deed of a Farm belonging to a
Mr Pearce [Robert Peirce]

11 Apr. 1797–27 Mar. 1884. Supervisor of roads, fireman, farmer. Born in Concord, Delaware Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Thomas Peirce (Pierce) and Margaret Trimble. Married Hannah Harvey, 23 Jan. 1821, in Pennsylvania. Moved to Uwchlan Township, Chester Co.,...

View Full Bio
8

Robert and Hannah Peirce transferred lands in Chester County, Pennsylvania, to Almon Babbitt, who was acting on behalf of the church, on 30 March 1841. The property was likely intended to be used as payment to Horace Hotchkiss; Babbitt subsequently transferred the property to Isaac Galland on 8 April 1841. Galland sold the property to Chester County resident John McClure, whose property bordered Peirce’s properties, in June 1841. (Chester Co., PA, Deeds, 1688–1903, vol. U-4, pp. 82–83, 185–188, microfilm 557,205, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL; see also Letter from Robert Peirce, 20 Aug. 1841.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.

that they pretended to give him a Claim for land in
Nauvo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
for $6000 the sum which [p. [1]]
View entire transcript

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Source Note

Document Transcript

Page [1]

Document Information

Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Letter from John Laws, 18 October 1841
ID #
699
Total Pages
4
Print Volume Location
JSP, D8:311–317
Handwriting on This Page
  • John Laws

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    Latter-day Saints generally accepted Laws’s detailing of events, stating that they were “a statement of facts as they are” and could be “perused with pleasure.” (Notice, Times and Seasons, 1 Oct. 1841, 2:558.)

    Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

  2. [2]

    “Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Public Ledger (Philadelphia), 28 Aug. 1841, [2]; “Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Public Ledger, 11 Sept. 1841, [3]; John Laws, Northern Liberties, PA, 15 Sept. 1841, Letter to the Editor, Daily Chronicle (Philadelphia), 18 Sept. 1841, [2].

    Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

    Daily Chronicle. Philadelphia. 1828–1834.

  3. [3]

    The Public Ledger was published from 1836 to 1925 in Philadelphia. Following its 1836 founding, the paper gained public appeal and an immediate readership because it cost one cent per issue rather than the five to six cents that other papers cost. Between 1840 and 1850, the paper’s circulation grew from 15,000 to 40,000. (Rottenberg, Man Who Made Wall Street, 73.)

    Rottenberg, Dan. The Man Who Made Wall Street: Anthony J. Drexel and the Rise of Modern Finance. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press, 2001.

  4. [4]

    The Daily Chronicle was published between 1841 and 1847 in Philadelphia.

  5. [5]

    JS had been aware of one of Laws’s articles since at least 1 October 1841, when it was reprinted in the Times and Seasons. (“Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Times and Seasons, 1 Oct. 1841, 2:558–562.)

    Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

  6. [6]

    The Saturday Courier had apparently advocated exterminating the Latter-day Saints as the only answer to the problems surrounding them. Laws declared his “utter detestation and abhorrence” for the Courier’s stance, calling it “the most illiberal unjust, unchristian-like . . . and dangerous in its tendency, that ever emenated from the American Press.” (“Anti-Mormon Slanders Refuted,” Public Ledger [Philadelphia], 28 Aug. 1841, [2], italics in original.)

    Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

  7. [7]

    The Saturday Courier was published from 1841 to 1848 in Philadelphia.

  8. [8]

    Robert and Hannah Peirce transferred lands in Chester County, Pennsylvania, to Almon Babbitt, who was acting on behalf of the church, on 30 March 1841. The property was likely intended to be used as payment to Horace Hotchkiss; Babbitt subsequently transferred the property to Isaac Galland on 8 April 1841. Galland sold the property to Chester County resident John McClure, whose property bordered Peirce’s properties, in June 1841. (Chester Co., PA, Deeds, 1688–1903, vol. U-4, pp. 82–83, 185–188, microfilm 557,205, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL; see also Letter from Robert Peirce, 20 Aug. 1841.)

    U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.

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