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Letter from Lewis Cass, 9 December 1843
Source Note
Source Note
, Letter, , Wayne Co., MI, to JS, , Hancock Co., IL, 9 Dec. 1843; unidentified handwriting; signature of ; two pages; JS Collection, CHL. Includes address, wafer seal, postal stamp, postal notation, dockets, and notation.
Bifolium measuring 10 × 8 inches (25 × 20 cm). The letter is inscribed on the recto and verso of the first leaf. The recto of the second leaf is blank, and the verso is blank except for addressing. The letter was trifolded twice in letter style, addressed, sealed with a red adhesive wafer, and postmarked. The recto of the second leaf contains remnants of the adhesive wafer. Dockets and a notation were later added to the verso of the second leaf, and the document was refolded for filing.
The letter was docketed by , who served as JS’s scribe from December 1841 until JS’s death in June 1844 and served as church historian from December 1842 until his own death in March 1854. , who served as JS’s scribe from 1843 to 1844 and as clerk to the church historian and recorder from 1845 to 1865, docketed it a second time. The notation “Copied by A.J.” was apparently added by a clerk or secretary for Andrew Jenson, who served as assistant church historian from 1897 to 1941. The letter was listed in an inventory that was produced by the Church Historian’s Office (later Church Historical Department) circa 1904. By 1973 the document had been included in the JS Collection at the Church Historical Department (now CHL). The document’s early dockets and notation, its listing in a circa 1904 inventory, and its later inclusion in the JS Collection indicate continuous institutional custody.
Footnotes
- [1]
JS, Journal, 13 Dec. 1841 and 21 Dec. 1842; Orson Spencer, “Death of Our Beloved Brother Willard Richards,” Deseret News (Salt Lake City), 16 Mar. 1854, [2].
Deseret News. Salt Lake City. 1850–.
- [2]
Jessee, “Writing of Joseph Smith’s History,” 456, 458; Woodruff, Journal, 22 Jan. 1865.
Jessee, Dean C. “The Writing of Joseph Smith’s History.” BYU Studies 11 (Summer 1971): 439–473.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
- [3]
Bitton and Arrington, Mormons and Their Historians, 48–52, 55.
Bitton, David, and Leonard J. Arrington. Mormons and Their Historians. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1988.
- [4]
“Letters to and from the Prophet,” ca. 1904, [2], Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.
Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.
- [5]
See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection, 1827–1844, in the CHL catalog.
Historical Introduction
Historical Introduction
On 9 December 1843, Democratic presidential candidate in responded to a letter that JS sent from , Illinois, the previous month. JS wrote to Cass and several other presidential candidates, asking each one to describe their position on the injustices perpetrated against the in during the late 1830s. Cass had served as the governor of from 1813 to 1831, secretary of war under Andrew Jackson from 1831 to 1836, and minister to from 1836 to 1842.
Though initially refrained from campaigning for the presidency—he reportedly told a group in that “the first elective office in the world is not a charge to be sought”—supporters began urging him to run for office before he left his post in . When Cass returned to the in December 1842, he immediately embarked on a tour of key American cities, including , , , and . Prior to and in the wake of his tour, some Democratic electors expressed public support for Cass’s candidacy, and a few observers even identified him as a frontrunner. Speaking of rival ’s supporters in December 1842, the New York Herald declared, “They cannot disguise the fact that they are more afraid of General Cass than any rival candidate who has yet appeared in the field.” Though Cass obtained the support of some electors and key political allies such as former president Andrew Jackson, enthusiasm for his candidacy proved to be somewhat tepid in the state nominating conventions that took place throughout fall 1843. Despite this, Cass remained a high-profile candidate.
On 4 November, JS wrote to five candidates, including , asking each one how he would help the Latter-day Saints should he be elected president. Cass received the letter before 9 December, when he apparently composed the featured reply. In his response, Cass insisted that he did not seek the presidency and that he expected someone else to win the nomination. Though Cass had answered a communication from Latter-day Saint leaders on behalf of President Andrew Jackson in 1833, in this letter he informed JS that he had only a “vague knowledge” of the church’s redress petitions, since he had been living out of the country. He also stated that the Latter-day Saints should be treated as any other citizens under the law and asserted that he did not think the president had the power to award redress when the state of and Congress had rejected it.
mailed the letter from on 14 December, and it arrived in by 27 December. On that day, JS gave the letters from Cass and , instructing him to answer the two men and “shew them the folly of keeping p[e]ople out of their right and that there was power in governme[n]t to redress wrongs.” Phelps wrote a response to Calhoun’s letter on 2 January, but no corresponding letter to Cass is extant.
Footnotes
- [1]
Historical Introduction to Letter to John C. Calhoun, 4 Nov. 1843.
- [2]
Klunder, Lewis Cass, chaps. 2–4.
Klunder, Willard Carl. Lewis Cass and the Politics of Moderation. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1996.
- [3]
Klunder, Lewis Cass, 121.
Klunder, Willard Carl. Lewis Cass and the Politics of Moderation. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1996.
- [4]
Klunder, Lewis Cass, 122–126.
Klunder, Willard Carl. Lewis Cass and the Politics of Moderation. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1996.
- [5]
“First Movement of the People in Pennsylvania—General Lewis Cass and the Presidency—Voice of the People,” New York Herald (New York City), 28 Nov. 1842, [1]; “General Cass,” New York Herald, 20 Dec. 1842, [2].
New York Herald. New York City. 1835–1924.
- [6]
Klunder, Lewis Cass, 131–134.
Klunder, Willard Carl. Lewis Cass and the Politics of Moderation. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1996.
- [7]
Sidney Gilbert et al., Liberty, MO, to President of the United States, Washington DC, 10 Apr. 1834, copy; Lewis Cass, Washington DC, to Sidney Gilbert et al., Liberty, MO, 2 May 1834, William W. Phelps, Collection of Missouri Documents, CHL.
Phelps, William W. Collection of Missouri Documents, 1833–1837. CHL. MS 657.
- [8]
- [9]
as all other persons are treated in this . That is they should be protected in their rights, and punished when they violate the laws. Our constitution recognizes no system of religion, either as a test for public office, or as a condition for private protection, and all whatever may be their faith or worship, are equal before the law.
In thus stating great general principles I have stated what would be my rule of action, as a magistrate or as a citizen, should any case arise requiring my decision. Farther than this, I can make no declaration. Of the facts to which you refer, I have but a vague knowledge, having been absent from the , during the period of their occurrence. I am bound however, in candor to add, that if your application for the redress to which you consider yourselves entitled has been, as you say rejected by the constituted authorities of the State of , and by Congress, I do not see what power, the President of the can have over the matter, or how he can interfere in it.
Very respectfully I am Sir Your obt. servt.
.
Gen. Joseph Smith
[p. [2]]
Source Note
Source Note
Document Transcript
Document Information
Document Information
Footnotes
Footnotes
- [4]
Article 6 of the Constitution of the United States states, “No religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.” The First Amendment to the Constitution affirms, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.”
- [5]
Though Lewis Cass served as minister to France between 1836 and 1842, he was undoubtedly aware of the persecutions and violence inflicted upon the Latter-day Saints in Jackson County, Missouri, in 1833. In 1834, church leaders in Missouri sent a memorial to President Andrew Jackson requesting that he direct federal troops to protect the church members and their property from mobs. Cass, then serving as secretary of war, sent a reply on behalf of the president stating that the “offences” committed against the Latter-day Saints were a violation of state law and that the president did not have the authority to send federal troops into Missouri to enforce state laws. (Sidney Gilbert et al., Liberty, MO, to Andrew Jackson, Washington DC, 10 Apr. 1834, copy; Lewis Cass, Washington DC, to Sidney Gilbert et al., Liberty, MO, 2 May 1834, William W. Phelps, Collection of Missouri Documents, CHL.)
Phelps, William W. Collection of Missouri Documents, 1833–1837. CHL. MS 657.
Signature of Lewis Cass.