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Letter to Thomas Ford, 16 October 1843

Source Note

JS, Letter,
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Hancock Co., IL, to
Thomas Ford

5 Dec. 1800–3 Nov. 1850. Schoolteacher, newspaperman, lawyer, politician, judge, author. Born in Uniontown, Fayette Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Robert Ford and Elizabeth Logue Forquer. Moved to St. Louis, 1804; to New Design (later American Bottom), Randolph...

View Full Bio
,
Springfield

Settled by 1819. Incorporated as town, 1832. Became capital of Illinois, 1837. Incorporated as city, 1840. Sangamon Co. seat. Population in 1840 about 2,600. Stake of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints organized in Springfield, Nov. 1840; discontinued...

More Info
, Sangamon Co., IL, 16 Oct. 1843. Featured version copied [ca. 16 Oct. 1843]; handwriting of
Willard Richards

24 June 1804–11 Mar. 1854. Teacher, lecturer, doctor, clerk, printer, editor, postmaster. Born at Hopkinton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Joseph Richards and Rhoda Howe. Moved to Richmond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 1813; to Chatham, Columbia Co...

View Full Bio
; one page; JS Collection (Supplement), CHL. Includes addressing and dockets.
Single leaf measuring 10⅝ × 7⅞ inches (27 × 20 cm) and ruled with thirty-four horizontal lines, printed in blue ink, now faded. The leaf was unevenly cut along the left side of the recto. The letter was inscribed on the recto and later folded and docketed for storage.
The letter was docketed by
Willard Richards

24 June 1804–11 Mar. 1854. Teacher, lecturer, doctor, clerk, printer, editor, postmaster. Born at Hopkinton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Joseph Richards and Rhoda Howe. Moved to Richmond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 1813; to Chatham, Columbia Co...

View Full Bio
, who served as JS’s scribe from December 1841 until JS’s death in June 1844 and served as church historian from December 1842 until his own death in March 1854.
1

JS, Journal, 13 Dec. 1841 and 21 Dec. 1842; Orson Spencer, “Death of Our Beloved Brother Willard Richards,” Deseret News (Salt Lake City), 16 Mar. 1854, [2].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Deseret News. Salt Lake City. 1850–.

Leo Hawkins

19 July 1834–28 May 1859. Clerk, reporter. Born in London. Son of Samuel Harris Hawkins and Charlotte Savage. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by John Banks, 23 Oct. 1848. Immigrated to U.S. with his family; arrived in New Orleans...

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, who served as a clerk in the Church Historian’s Office from 1853 to 1859, docketed it a second time.
2

“Obituary of Leo Hawkins,” Millennial Star, 30 July 1859, 21:496–497.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.

The letter may be listed in an inventory produced by the Church Historian’s Office (later Church Historical Department) circa 1904.
3

Although the CHL currently houses seven letters written between Thomas Ford and JS in 1843, the earlier inventory identifies only four. (“Letters to and from the Prophet,” ca. 1904, [3], Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.

The Church Historical Department (now CHL) published a register of the JS Collection in 1973. Between 1974 and 1984, staff continued to locate documents authored by or directed to JS in uncataloged church financial records and in name and subject files. The department also acquired additional JS documents from donors, collectors, and dealers. These newly located and acquired documents were kept together in a supplement to the JS Collection. A preliminary inventory of the supplement was created in 1992. This group of records was named the JS Collection (Supplement), 1833–1844, and its cataloging was finalized in 2017.
4

See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection (Supplement), 1833–1844, in the CHL catalog.


The document’s early dockets and its inclusion in the JS Collection (Supplement) suggest continuous institutional custody.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    JS, Journal, 13 Dec. 1841 and 21 Dec. 1842; Orson Spencer, “Death of Our Beloved Brother Willard Richards,” Deseret News (Salt Lake City), 16 Mar. 1854, [2].

    Deseret News. Salt Lake City. 1850–.

  2. [2]

    “Obituary of Leo Hawkins,” Millennial Star, 30 July 1859, 21:496–497.

    Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.

  3. [3]

    Although the CHL currently houses seven letters written between Thomas Ford and JS in 1843, the earlier inventory identifies only four. (“Letters to and from the Prophet,” ca. 1904, [3], Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.)

    Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.

  4. [4]

    See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection (Supplement), 1833–1844, in the CHL catalog.

Historical Introduction

On 16 October 1843, in
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Illinois, JS wrote to
Illinois

Became part of Northwest Territory of U.S., 1787. Admitted as state, 1818. Population in 1840 about 480,000. Population in 1845 about 660,000. Plentiful, inexpensive land attracted settlers from northern and southern states. Following expulsion from Missouri...

More Info
governor and commander in chief of the state militia,
Thomas Ford

5 Dec. 1800–3 Nov. 1850. Schoolteacher, newspaperman, lawyer, politician, judge, author. Born in Uniontown, Fayette Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Robert Ford and Elizabeth Logue Forquer. Moved to St. Louis, 1804; to New Design (later American Bottom), Randolph...

View Full Bio
, in
Springfield

Settled by 1819. Incorporated as town, 1832. Became capital of Illinois, 1837. Incorporated as city, 1840. Sangamon Co. seat. Population in 1840 about 2,600. Stake of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints organized in Springfield, Nov. 1840; discontinued...

More Info
, Illinois. The brief letter stated that
William W. Phelps

17 Feb. 1792–7 Mar. 1872. Writer, teacher, printer, newspaper editor, publisher, postmaster, lawyer. Born at Hanover, Morris Co., New Jersey. Son of Enon Phelps and Mehitabel Goldsmith. Moved to Homer, Cortland Co., New York, 1800. Married Sally Waterman,...

View Full Bio
, a member of JS’s clerical staff, was authorized to present Ford with a petition from the
Nauvoo Legion

A contingent of the Illinois state militia provided for in the Nauvoo city charter. The Nauvoo Legion was organized into two cohorts: one infantry and one cavalry. Each cohort could potentially comprise several thousand men and was overseen by a brigadier...

View Glossary
for additional public arms from the state armory. Illinois law allowed each volunteer militia unit organized after 1833 to submit a petition to the governor for the procurement of arms—either cannons for use in artillery companies or small arms such as muskets, rifles, and swords. The Nauvoo city charter, approved by the Illinois legislature in 1840, affirmed that the Nauvoo Legion was “entitled to their proportion of the public arms.” State law required that such petitions be signed by the requesting unit’s commanding officer and include the requested number of arms and the number of unit members.
1

An Act for the Organization and Government of the Militia of This State [2 July 1833], Public and General Statute Laws of the State of Illinois (1839), pp. 478–479, secs. 35–36; An Act to Incorporate the City of Nauvoo [16 Dec. 1840], Laws of the State of Illinois [1840–1841], p. 57, sec. 25.


Comprehensive Works Cited

The Public and General Statute Laws of the State of Illinois: Containing All the Laws . . . Passed by the Ninth General Assembly, at Their First Session, Commencing December 1, 1834, and Ending February 13, 1835; and at Their Second Session, Commencing December 7, 1835, and Ending January 18, 1836; and Those Passed by the Tenth General Assembly, at Their Session Commencing December 5, 1836, and Ending March 6, 1837; and at Their Special Session, Commencing July 10, and Ending July 22, 1837. . . . Compiled by Jonathan Young Scammon. Chicago: Stephen F. Gale, 1839.

The number of available state arms was limited, however, and most militiamen went without or armed themselves.
2

Leonard, Nauvoo, 115.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Leonard, Glen M. Nauvoo: A Place of Peace, a People of Promise. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book; Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press, 2002.

Although the Nauvoo Legion possessed some public arms, its leaders determined sometime in summer 1843 to request additional arms.
3

The quartermaster general of the Nauvoo Legion was assigned to review public arms in August 1842 and May 1843. In June 1843, the court-martial of the legion passed a resolution calling for the creation of an arsenal in which to store the legion’s public arms. (Nauvoo Legion Minute Book, 3 Aug. 1842, 29; 20 May 1843, 32–33; 10 June 1843, 35–36.)


On 9 September, twenty-two legion members and officers drafted a petition calling on JS to request an additional 2,720 pistols, rifles, and muskets as well as eight cannons from
Ford

5 Dec. 1800–3 Nov. 1850. Schoolteacher, newspaperman, lawyer, politician, judge, author. Born in Uniontown, Fayette Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Robert Ford and Elizabeth Logue Forquer. Moved to St. Louis, 1804; to New Design (later American Bottom), Randolph...

View Full Bio
.
4

Members of Nauvoo Legion, Petition, 9 Sept. 1843, Newel K. Whitney, Papers, BYU.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Whitney, Newel K. Papers, 1825–1906. BYU.

The men submitted the petition to JS on 11 September. In response, JS appointed
Phelps

17 Feb. 1792–7 Mar. 1872. Writer, teacher, printer, newspaper editor, publisher, postmaster, lawyer. Born at Hanover, Morris Co., New Jersey. Son of Enon Phelps and Mehitabel Goldsmith. Moved to Homer, Cortland Co., New York, 1800. Married Sally Waterman,...

View Full Bio
,
Henry Miller

1 May 1807–9 Oct. 1885. Carpenter, builder, farmer. Born in Lexington, Greene Co., New York. Family resided at Windham, Greene Co., 1810. Son of James Miller and Ruth Arnold. Moved to Illinois, ca. 1829. Married first Elmira Pond, 19 June 1831. Baptized into...

View Full Bio
, and
Hosea Stout

18 Sept. 1810–2 Mar. 1889. Farmer, teacher, carpenter, sawmill operator, lawyer. Born near Pleasant Hill, Mercer Co., Kentucky. Son of Joseph Stout and Anna Smith. Moved to Union Township, Clinton Co., Ohio, 1819; to Wilmington, Clinton Co., fall 1824; to...

View Full Bio
as a committee to present their request to Ford.
5

JS, Journal, 11 Sept. 1843.


The details of the committee’s work are not known, but on 4 October, JS “gave Phelps orders to take such steps as were necessary to procu[r]e arms— for the legion.”
6

JS, Journal, 4 Oct. 1843.


By 16 October, a formal petition was prepared in fulfillment of state laws, and JS drafted the letter to Ford.
Willard Richards

24 June 1804–11 Mar. 1854. Teacher, lecturer, doctor, clerk, printer, editor, postmaster. Born at Hopkinton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Joseph Richards and Rhoda Howe. Moved to Richmond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 1813; to Chatham, Columbia Co...

View Full Bio
served as scribe for the featured copy of the brief letter, which may have been originally intended as the sent copy. However, after Richards made corrections to this copy of the letter, he presumably inscribed a sent copy that has not been located. The letter identified
Phelps

17 Feb. 1792–7 Mar. 1872. Writer, teacher, printer, newspaper editor, publisher, postmaster, lawyer. Born at Hanover, Morris Co., New Jersey. Son of Enon Phelps and Mehitabel Goldsmith. Moved to Homer, Cortland Co., New York, 1800. Married Sally Waterman,...

View Full Bio
as JS’s friend and as an “
Agent

A specific church office and, more generally, someone “entrusted with the business of another.” Agents in the church assisted other ecclesiastical officers, especially the bishop in his oversight of the church’s temporal affairs. A May 1831 revelation instructed...

View Glossary
” of the Nauvoo Legion. Carrying the letter, Phelps departed
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
for
Springfield

Settled by 1819. Incorporated as town, 1832. Became capital of Illinois, 1837. Incorporated as city, 1840. Sangamon Co. seat. Population in 1840 about 2,600. Stake of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints organized in Springfield, Nov. 1840; discontinued...

More Info
on 24 October in the company of Colonel
Jonathan Dunham

14 Jan. 1800–28 July 1845. Soldier, police captain. Born in Paris, Oneida Co., New York. Son of Jonathan Dunham. Married Mary Kendall. Moved to Rushford, Allegany Co., New York, by 1830. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and ordained...

View Full Bio
.
7

JS, Journal, 24 Oct. 1843.


Phelps likely arrived in Springfield sometime near the end of October or the beginning of November and presumably delivered the letter and accompanying petition to the
governor

5 Dec. 1800–3 Nov. 1850. Schoolteacher, newspaperman, lawyer, politician, judge, author. Born in Uniontown, Fayette Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Robert Ford and Elizabeth Logue Forquer. Moved to St. Louis, 1804; to New Design (later American Bottom), Randolph...

View Full Bio
—or to one of his aides or office staff—upon his arrival in the city. On 6 November, Phelps returned to Nauvoo and reported to JS. According to JS’s journal, he “was pleasd” with Phelps’s report.
8

JS, Journal, 6 Nov. 1843.


There is no record of the petition for arms being granted.
9

There is no extant comprehensive record of state arms distributions from the Illinois government, and it is unclear whether such a detailed record was kept at the time. Around the end of 1843, the 1,751 men in the Nauvoo Legion’s Second Cohort—which comprised the bulk of the legion—possessed only 204 firearms, 98 swords, and 2 cannons. Presumably, this total referred to the number of state arms possessed by the legion and not the personal arms of its members. In June 1844, former major general Wilson Law reported that the legion had received a total of “three pieces of cannon and about two hundred and fifty stand of small arms and their accoutrements” from the state. (“General Return of the Second Cohort or Brigade of the Nauvoo Legion,” CHL; Message of the Governor of the State of Illinois, 10.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Nauvoo Legion, Second Cohort. General Return, 1843. CHL.

Message of the Governor of the State of Illinois, in Relation to the Disturbances in Hancock County, December, 21, 1844. Springfield, IL: Walters and Weber, 1844.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    An Act for the Organization and Government of the Militia of This State [2 July 1833], Public and General Statute Laws of the State of Illinois (1839), pp. 478–479, secs. 35–36; An Act to Incorporate the City of Nauvoo [16 Dec. 1840], Laws of the State of Illinois [1840–1841], p. 57, sec. 25.

    The Public and General Statute Laws of the State of Illinois: Containing All the Laws . . . Passed by the Ninth General Assembly, at Their First Session, Commencing December 1, 1834, and Ending February 13, 1835; and at Their Second Session, Commencing December 7, 1835, and Ending January 18, 1836; and Those Passed by the Tenth General Assembly, at Their Session Commencing December 5, 1836, and Ending March 6, 1837; and at Their Special Session, Commencing July 10, and Ending July 22, 1837. . . . Compiled by Jonathan Young Scammon. Chicago: Stephen F. Gale, 1839.

  2. [2]

    Leonard, Nauvoo, 115.

    Leonard, Glen M. Nauvoo: A Place of Peace, a People of Promise. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book; Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press, 2002.

  3. [3]

    The quartermaster general of the Nauvoo Legion was assigned to review public arms in August 1842 and May 1843. In June 1843, the court-martial of the legion passed a resolution calling for the creation of an arsenal in which to store the legion’s public arms. (Nauvoo Legion Minute Book, 3 Aug. 1842, 29; 20 May 1843, 32–33; 10 June 1843, 35–36.)

  4. [4]

    Members of Nauvoo Legion, Petition, 9 Sept. 1843, Newel K. Whitney, Papers, BYU.

    Whitney, Newel K. Papers, 1825–1906. BYU.

  5. [5]

    JS, Journal, 11 Sept. 1843.

  6. [6]

    JS, Journal, 4 Oct. 1843.

  7. [7]

    JS, Journal, 24 Oct. 1843.

  8. [8]

    JS, Journal, 6 Nov. 1843.

  9. [9]

    There is no extant comprehensive record of state arms distributions from the Illinois government, and it is unclear whether such a detailed record was kept at the time. Around the end of 1843, the 1,751 men in the Nauvoo Legion’s Second Cohort—which comprised the bulk of the legion—possessed only 204 firearms, 98 swords, and 2 cannons. Presumably, this total referred to the number of state arms possessed by the legion and not the personal arms of its members. In June 1844, former major general Wilson Law reported that the legion had received a total of “three pieces of cannon and about two hundred and fifty stand of small arms and their accoutrements” from the state. (“General Return of the Second Cohort or Brigade of the Nauvoo Legion,” CHL; Message of the Governor of the State of Illinois, 10.)

    Nauvoo Legion, Second Cohort. General Return, 1843. CHL.

    Message of the Governor of the State of Illinois, in Relation to the Disturbances in Hancock County, December, 21, 1844. Springfield, IL: Walters and Weber, 1844.

Page [1]

Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Ill, Oct 16th 1843.
Sir
The <​bearer​>
W[illiam] W. Phelps

17 Feb. 1792–7 Mar. 1872. Writer, teacher, printer, newspaper editor, publisher, postmaster, lawyer. Born at Hanover, Morris Co., New Jersey. Son of Enon Phelps and Mehitabel Goldsmith. Moved to Homer, Cortland Co., New York, 1800. Married Sally Waterman,...

View Full Bio
has been appointed
Agent

A specific church office and, more generally, someone “entrusted with the business of another.” Agents in the church assisted other ecclesiastical officers, especially the bishop in his oversight of the church’s temporal affairs. A May 1831 revelation instructed...

View Glossary
to present the petitions of the
Nauvoo Legion

A contingent of the Illinois state militia provided for in the Nauvoo city charter. The Nauvoo Legion was organized into two cohorts: one infantry and one cavalry. Each cohort could potentially comprise several thousand men and was overseen by a brigadier...

View Glossary
to draw public arms. <​and tranast [transact] other business​> Your
Excellency

5 Dec. 1800–3 Nov. 1850. Schoolteacher, newspaperman, lawyer, politician, judge, author. Born in Uniontown, Fayette Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Robert Ford and Elizabeth Logue Forquer. Moved to St. Louis, 1804; to New Design (later American Bottom), Randolph...

View Full Bio
will receive him and execute business with him, as your friend and my friend
Respectfully I have this honor to be Your Most obt Servt.—
Joseph Smith
Liet Gen N. Ligion
His Excellency
Thomas Ford

5 Dec. 1800–3 Nov. 1850. Schoolteacher, newspaperman, lawyer, politician, judge, author. Born in Uniontown, Fayette Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Robert Ford and Elizabeth Logue Forquer. Moved to St. Louis, 1804; to New Design (later American Bottom), Randolph...

View Full Bio
.)
Governor of
Illinois

Became part of Northwest Territory of U.S., 1787. Admitted as state, 1818. Population in 1840 about 480,000. Population in 1845 about 660,000. Plentiful, inexpensive land attracted settlers from northern and southern states. Following expulsion from Missouri...

More Info
)
Springfield

Settled by 1819. Incorporated as town, 1832. Became capital of Illinois, 1837. Incorporated as city, 1840. Sangamon Co. seat. Population in 1840 about 2,600. Stake of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints organized in Springfield, Nov. 1840; discontinued...

More Info
) [1/2 page blank] [p. [1]]
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Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Letter to Thomas Ford, 16 October 1843
ID #
2001
Total Pages
2
Print Volume Location
JSP, D13:195–198
Handwriting on This Page
  • Willard Richards

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