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Minutes, 14 September 1835

Source Note

Minutes, [
Kirtland Township

Located ten miles south of Lake Erie. Settled by 1811. Organized by 1818. Latter-day Saint missionaries visited township, early Nov. 1830; many residents joined Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Population in 1830 about 55 Latter-day Saints and...

More Info
, Geauga Co., OH], 14 Sept. 1835. Featured version copied [not before 25 Feb. 1836] in Minute Book 1, pp. 107–108; handwriting of
Warren Cowdery

17 Oct. 1788–23 Feb. 1851. Physician, druggist, farmer, editor. Born at Wells, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of William Cowdery and Rebecca Fuller. Married Patience Simonds, 22 Sept. 1814, in Pawlet, Rutland Co. Moved to Freedom, Cattaraugus Co., New York, 1816...

View Full Bio
; CHL. For more complete source information, see the source note for Minute Book 1.

Historical Introduction

On 14 September 1835, “a high council of the Presidency” consisting of members of the church presidency in
Kirtland

Located ten miles south of Lake Erie. Settled by 1811. Organized by 1818. Latter-day Saint missionaries visited township, early Nov. 1830; many residents joined Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Population in 1830 about 55 Latter-day Saints and...

More Info
, Ohio, including JS, and members of the presidency of the
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

More Info
high council

A governing body of twelve high priests. The first high council was organized in Kirtland, Ohio, on 17 February 1834 “for the purpose of settling important difficulties which might arise in the church, which could not be settled by the church, or the bishop...

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, met to consider issues related to church records. Of special concern was keeping a record of the blessings given by
Joseph Smith Sr.

12 July 1771–14 Sept. 1840. Cooper, farmer, teacher, merchant. Born at Topsfield, Essex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Asael Smith and Mary Duty. Nominal member of Congregationalist church at Topsfield. Married to Lucy Mack by Seth Austin, 24 Jan. 1796, at Tunbridge...

View Full Bio
as church patriarch. Joseph Smith Sr.’s first patriarchal blessings were given to a number of his immediate family members and their spouses on 9 December 1834.
1

Patriarchal Blessings, 1:9–11.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Patriarchal Blessings, 1833–. CHL. CR 500 2.

Between January and August 1835, he gave scores of blessings to other members of the church, but there appears to have been no centralized effort to collect and record those blessings. This changed in September 1835 when church leaders purchased a large leather-bound volume, apparently for the purpose of beginning an official record book for such blessings.
Cowdery

3 Oct. 1806–3 Mar. 1850. Clerk, teacher, justice of the peace, lawyer, newspaper editor. Born at Wells, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of William Cowdery and Rebecca Fuller. Raised Congregationalist. Moved to western New York and clerked at a store, ca. 1825–1828...

View Full Bio
soon began copying blessings into the volume, eventually known as Patriarchal Blessing Book 1.
2

Minutes, 16 Sept. 1835. As recorded in the 16 September minutes, the expense of the book became an issue. Given that the book was purchased shortly before the blessings began to be recorded and that the cost precluded immediately purchasing another such volume, the book discussed in these minutes is almost certainly the one purchased for recording patriarchal blessings.


At this 14 September meeting,
Frederick G. Williams

28 Oct. 1787–10 Oct. 1842. Ship’s pilot, teacher, physician, justice of the peace. Born at Suffield, Hartford Co., Connecticut. Son of William Wheeler Williams and Ruth Granger. Moved to Newburg, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, 1799. Practiced Thomsonian botanical system...

View Full Bio
was appointed to serve as the initial scribe for the blessings. The council also decided to provide compensation—both a salary and expenses—to
Joseph Smith Sr.

12 July 1771–14 Sept. 1840. Cooper, farmer, teacher, merchant. Born at Topsfield, Essex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Asael Smith and Mary Duty. Nominal member of Congregationalist church at Topsfield. Married to Lucy Mack by Seth Austin, 24 Jan. 1796, at Tunbridge...

View Full Bio
and Williams for their work on the blessings.
3

Previously, the United Firm had voted to provide Williams with $300 a year for his work as assistant scribe. That salary is unlikely to have continued, however, as the United Firm apparently ceased to function as such after April 1834. The task of recording the patriarchal blessings did not appear to have required travel expenses, but costs associated with paper, pen, and ink for original note-taking may have been incurred. (Note, 9 Jan. 1833; Revelation, 23 Apr. 1834 [D&C 104]; Parkin, “Joseph Smith and the United Firm,” 33–34.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Parkin, Max H. “Joseph Smith and the United Firm: The Growth and Decline of the Church’s First Master Plan of Business and Finance, Ohio and Missouri, 1832–1834.” BYU Studies 46, no. 3 (2007): 5–66.

In addition, the council designated
Oliver Cowdery

3 Oct. 1806–3 Mar. 1850. Clerk, teacher, justice of the peace, lawyer, newspaper editor. Born at Wells, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of William Cowdery and Rebecca Fuller. Raised Congregationalist. Moved to western New York and clerked at a store, ca. 1825–1828...

View Full Bio
as church recorder, a position that included recording the transcripts of Joseph Smith Sr.’s blessings in the patriarchal blessing book. The role of recorder was distinct from the role of scribe. Williams, as scribe, attended the blessing meetings and provided a transcription of each blessing. Cowdery, as recorder, gathered blessing transcriptions and recorded them in the patriarchal blessing book, sometimes also making copies for the recipients. These duties regularly occupied Cowdery’s time over the following months.
4

Copying blessings into Patriarchal Blessing Book 1 required Cowdery to collect blessings that had previously been given, many of which were in the possession of only the recipients. In a 7 October 1835 notation, Cowdery confessed that it would be impossible to collect them all, leaving the volume somewhat incomplete as a record of all of Joseph Smith Sr.’s blessings. Part of the difficulty was that individuals were charged a fee of $0.10 per folio (a unit of one hundred words) to have their blessings recorded in the volume. It is possible that some blessings were not recorded because individuals could not, or simply did not want to, pay. At least one account suggests that payment was required to even have a personal copy of the blessing provided. Other accounts, however, attest that blessings were given free of charge. The willingness of many to pay a fee underscores the interest of church members in having their names recorded in official church records. It is unclear if the fees were retained by Cowdery or divided with the clerks who originally recorded the blessings. (Patriarchal Blessings, 1:16; Cowdery, “Account Book of Writing,” 1; Judd, Autobiography of Zadoc Knapp Judd, 17; Stevenson, Autobiography, 7.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Patriarchal Blessings, 1833–. CHL. CR 500 2.

Cowdery, Oliver. “Account Book of Writing,” 1835–1836. CHL. MS 2314.

Judd, Zadoc Knapp. Autobiography of Zadoc Knapp Judd (1827–1909). [Provo, UT]: Brigham Young University Library, 1954. Copy at CHL. MS 4545.

Stevenson, Edward. Autobiography, ca. 1891–1893. Edward Stevenson, Collection, 1849–1922. CHL. MS 4806, box 5, fd. 1.

The council also endorsed
Emma Smith

10 July 1804–30 Apr. 1879. Scribe, editor, boardinghouse operator, clothier. Born at Willingborough Township (later in Harmony), Susquehanna Co., Pennsylvania. Daughter of Isaac Hale and Elizabeth Lewis. Member of Methodist church at Harmony (later in Oakland...

View Full Bio
to proceed with the production of a church hymnal, a task given to her in a July 1830 revelation.
5

Revelation, July 1830–C [D&C 25:11].


In April 1832, the
Literary Firm

The branch of the United Firm responsible for church publications. In November 1831, a revelation appointed JS, Martin Harris, Oliver Cowdery, John Whitmer, Sidney Rigdon, and William W. Phelps as “stewards over the revelations & commandments.” In March 1832...

View Glossary
assigned
William W. Phelps

17 Feb. 1792–7 Mar. 1872. Writer, teacher, printer, newspaper editor, publisher, postmaster, lawyer. Born at Hanover, Morris Co., New Jersey. Son of Enon Phelps and Mehitabel Goldsmith. Moved to Homer, Cortland Co., New York, 1800. Married Sally Waterman,...

View Full Bio
to correct “the Hymns selected by sister Emma,”
6

Minutes, 30 Apr. 1832.


and this 14 September 1835 council again directed Phelps to provide aid in revising and preparing the hymns for publication. It is unclear how much work was done on the hymnal between the 1832 and 1835 directives, but the hymnal was printed shortly after this 1835 instruction.
7

The hymnal was dated 1835 but was likely printed sometime in early 1836. (William W. Phelps, Kirtland, OH, to Sally Waterman Phelps, Liberty, MO, 14 Nov. 1835, in Historical Department, Journal History of the Church, 14 Nov. 1835; “Extract from My Journal,” 28 Nov. 1835, William W. Phelps, Papers, BYU; Crawley, Descriptive Bibliography, 1:57–59.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Historical Department. Journal History of the Church, 1896–. CHL. CR 100 137.

Phelps, William W. Papers, 1835–1865. BYU.

Crawley, Peter. A Descriptive Bibliography of the Mormon Church. 3 vols. Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1997–2012.

As clerk of the meeting,
Oliver Cowdery

3 Oct. 1806–3 Mar. 1850. Clerk, teacher, justice of the peace, lawyer, newspaper editor. Born at Wells, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of William Cowdery and Rebecca Fuller. Raised Congregationalist. Moved to western New York and clerked at a store, ca. 1825–1828...

View Full Bio
took the minutes.
Warren Cowdery

17 Oct. 1788–23 Feb. 1851. Physician, druggist, farmer, editor. Born at Wells, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of William Cowdery and Rebecca Fuller. Married Patience Simonds, 22 Sept. 1814, in Pawlet, Rutland Co. Moved to Freedom, Cattaraugus Co., New York, 1816...

View Full Bio
later copied them into Minute Book 1, probably sometime in 1836.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    Patriarchal Blessings, 1:9–11.

    Patriarchal Blessings, 1833–. CHL. CR 500 2.

  2. [2]

    Minutes, 16 Sept. 1835. As recorded in the 16 September minutes, the expense of the book became an issue. Given that the book was purchased shortly before the blessings began to be recorded and that the cost precluded immediately purchasing another such volume, the book discussed in these minutes is almost certainly the one purchased for recording patriarchal blessings.

  3. [3]

    Previously, the United Firm had voted to provide Williams with $300 a year for his work as assistant scribe. That salary is unlikely to have continued, however, as the United Firm apparently ceased to function as such after April 1834. The task of recording the patriarchal blessings did not appear to have required travel expenses, but costs associated with paper, pen, and ink for original note-taking may have been incurred. (Note, 9 Jan. 1833; Revelation, 23 Apr. 1834 [D&C 104]; Parkin, “Joseph Smith and the United Firm,” 33–34.)

    Parkin, Max H. “Joseph Smith and the United Firm: The Growth and Decline of the Church’s First Master Plan of Business and Finance, Ohio and Missouri, 1832–1834.” BYU Studies 46, no. 3 (2007): 5–66.

  4. [4]

    Copying blessings into Patriarchal Blessing Book 1 required Cowdery to collect blessings that had previously been given, many of which were in the possession of only the recipients. In a 7 October 1835 notation, Cowdery confessed that it would be impossible to collect them all, leaving the volume somewhat incomplete as a record of all of Joseph Smith Sr.’s blessings. Part of the difficulty was that individuals were charged a fee of $0.10 per folio (a unit of one hundred words) to have their blessings recorded in the volume. It is possible that some blessings were not recorded because individuals could not, or simply did not want to, pay. At least one account suggests that payment was required to even have a personal copy of the blessing provided. Other accounts, however, attest that blessings were given free of charge. The willingness of many to pay a fee underscores the interest of church members in having their names recorded in official church records. It is unclear if the fees were retained by Cowdery or divided with the clerks who originally recorded the blessings. (Patriarchal Blessings, 1:16; Cowdery, “Account Book of Writing,” 1; Judd, Autobiography of Zadoc Knapp Judd, 17; Stevenson, Autobiography, 7.)

    Patriarchal Blessings, 1833–. CHL. CR 500 2.

    Cowdery, Oliver. “Account Book of Writing,” 1835–1836. CHL. MS 2314.

    Judd, Zadoc Knapp. Autobiography of Zadoc Knapp Judd (1827–1909). [Provo, UT]: Brigham Young University Library, 1954. Copy at CHL. MS 4545.

    Stevenson, Edward. Autobiography, ca. 1891–1893. Edward Stevenson, Collection, 1849–1922. CHL. MS 4806, box 5, fd. 1.

  5. [5]

    Revelation, July 1830–C [D&C 25:11].

  6. [6]

    Minutes, 30 Apr. 1832.

  7. [7]

    The hymnal was dated 1835 but was likely printed sometime in early 1836. (William W. Phelps, Kirtland, OH, to Sally Waterman Phelps, Liberty, MO, 14 Nov. 1835, in Historical Department, Journal History of the Church, 14 Nov. 1835; “Extract from My Journal,” 28 Nov. 1835, William W. Phelps, Papers, BYU; Crawley, Descriptive Bibliography, 1:57–59.)

    Historical Department. Journal History of the Church, 1896–. CHL. CR 100 137.

    Phelps, William W. Papers, 1835–1865. BYU.

    Crawley, Peter. A Descriptive Bibliography of the Mormon Church. 3 vols. Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1997–2012.

Page 108

It was further decided that President
Oliver Cowdery

3 Oct. 1806–3 Mar. 1850. Clerk, teacher, justice of the peace, lawyer, newspaper editor. Born at Wells, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of William Cowdery and Rebecca Fuller. Raised Congregationalist. Moved to western New York and clerked at a store, ca. 1825–1828...

View Full Bio
be appointed and that he act hereafter as recorder for the church.
5

This is the first usage of the title “recorder” in extant records. Cowdery had previously served as the primary scribe for JS, having been called in April 1829 to “write” for JS, and was later appointed to “keep the Church record and Conference Minutes.” After Cowdery left to preach to the American Indians, John Whitmer was formally called to replace him in March 1831. Whitmer was also directed to undertake the writing of a church history. Though duties for Cowdery and others often overlapped, a scribe generally recorded revelations, translations, correspondence, and journal entries; a clerk kept official minutes of conferences, councils, and other meetings; and a recorder created or certified official institutional documents. (Revelation, Apr. 1829–D [D&C 9:4]; Minutes, 9 June 1830; Revelation, ca. 8 Mar. 1831–B [D&C 47].)


It was further decided that Sister
Emma Smith

10 July 1804–30 Apr. 1879. Scribe, editor, boardinghouse operator, clothier. Born at Willingborough Township (later in Harmony), Susquehanna Co., Pennsylvania. Daughter of Isaac Hale and Elizabeth Lewis. Member of Methodist church at Harmony (later in Oakland...

View Full Bio
proceed to make a selection of sacred hymns, according to the revilation,
6

See Revelation, July 1830–C [D&C 25].


and that President
W[illiam] W. Phelps

17 Feb. 1792–7 Mar. 1872. Writer, teacher, printer, newspaper editor, publisher, postmaster, lawyer. Born at Hanover, Morris Co., New Jersey. Son of Enon Phelps and Mehitabel Goldsmith. Moved to Homer, Cortland Co., New York, 1800. Married Sally Waterman,...

View Full Bio
be appointed to revise and arrange them for printing.
7

Although Phelps originally received this assignment in 1832, it was apparently renewed prior to this 14 September meeting, because on 11 September 1835, he wrote to his wife that he was “now revising hymns for a hymn Book.” (William W. Phelps, Kirtland, OH, to Sally Waterman Phelps, Liberty, MO, 11 Sept. 1835, William W. Phelps, Papers, BYU.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Phelps, William W. Papers, 1835–1865. BYU.

O. Cowdery

3 Oct. 1806–3 Mar. 1850. Clerk, teacher, justice of the peace, lawyer, newspaper editor. Born at Wells, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of William Cowdery and Rebecca Fuller. Raised Congregationalist. Moved to western New York and clerked at a store, ca. 1825–1828...

View Full Bio
Clerk [p. 108]
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Source Note

Document Transcript

Page 108

Document Information

Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Minutes, 14 September 1835
ID #
8433
Total Pages
2
Print Volume Location
JSP, D4:412–415
Handwriting on This Page
  • Warren A. Cowdery

Footnotes

  1. [5]

    This is the first usage of the title “recorder” in extant records. Cowdery had previously served as the primary scribe for JS, having been called in April 1829 to “write” for JS, and was later appointed to “keep the Church record and Conference Minutes.” After Cowdery left to preach to the American Indians, John Whitmer was formally called to replace him in March 1831. Whitmer was also directed to undertake the writing of a church history. Though duties for Cowdery and others often overlapped, a scribe generally recorded revelations, translations, correspondence, and journal entries; a clerk kept official minutes of conferences, councils, and other meetings; and a recorder created or certified official institutional documents. (Revelation, Apr. 1829–D [D&C 9:4]; Minutes, 9 June 1830; Revelation, ca. 8 Mar. 1831–B [D&C 47].)

  2. [6]

    See Revelation, July 1830–C [D&C 25].

  3. [7]

    Although Phelps originally received this assignment in 1832, it was apparently renewed prior to this 14 September meeting, because on 11 September 1835, he wrote to his wife that he was “now revising hymns for a hymn Book.” (William W. Phelps, Kirtland, OH, to Sally Waterman Phelps, Liberty, MO, 11 Sept. 1835, William W. Phelps, Papers, BYU.)

    Phelps, William W. Papers, 1835–1865. BYU.

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