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Minutes, 8 June 1844

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Minutes, 8 June 1844

Source Note

Nauvoo City Council, Minutes, [, Hancock Co., IL], 8 June 1844. Featured version copied [ca. 8 June 1844] in Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 10 Feb. 1844–13 Jan. 1845, pp. 11–19; handwriting of ; Nauvoo, IL, Records, 1841–1845, CHL. Includes use marks. For more complete source information, see the source note for Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, Feb. 1844–Jan. 1845.

Historical Introduction

On 8 June 1844, the city council of , Illinois, met for its regularly scheduled monthly meeting to conduct city business. The council—which consisted of the mayor, aldermen, and city councilors—convened two sessions on 8 June and most likely met in the . The first session lasted from ten o’clock in the morning until shortly after one o’clock in the afternoon, when the council adjourned for a recess. Around three o’clock in the afternoon, when a quorum was present, the city council began its afternoon session, which lasted until half past six o’clock in the evening.
The council considered several petitions during the 8 June meeting. Two requested the opening of certain streets in , and both were tabled. A third petition complained of violations of the city’s 1841 temperance ordinance—which prohibited the sale of whiskey and other spirituous liquors in small amounts—at the Upper Stone House and requested the city council to remove the building as a nuisance. Following a discussion of the matter, the council ultimately concluded to table this petition as well.
The city council also spent part of the meeting considering an ordinance describing the city attorney’s duties and compensation. During its 13 April 1844 meeting, the council had appointed as the city’s attorney. At that meeting, Stiles expressed his concern that the position’s salary of fifty dollars was insufficient and suggested that the existing city attorney ordinance be repealed. In response to Stiles’s comments, JS suggested that the city attorney’s salary be raised to one hundred dollars and that the city attorney be allowed to collect fees in some instances. in turn recommended that any new city attorney ordinance should define the city attorney’s duties. The council assigned the task of writing this proposed ordinance to the committee on municipal laws, to which Stiles was added. When the city council met on 8 June, it discussed the newly crafted ordinance, which incorporated JS’s and Hyrum Smith’s suggestions. After some deliberation, the city council approved a revised version of the new ordinance.
The most important topic of discussion for the council, though, was the Nauvoo Expositor. This newspaper—the first issue of which was published on 7 June—was edited by and published by , , , , , , and . Most of these individuals were former members of the , and all were opposed to JS. Tensions had been building between JS and his opponents in for months. By May his enemies had decided to set up the newspaper. On 6 May, in a meeting of the , reported that William Law had “said that if they would not buy out his property &c he would set up a press and go it to the death to get satisfaction.” The next day, the Expositor’s printing press arrived in . Following this, the proprietors printed a prospectus for the newspaper, which, among other things, advocated for the unconditional repeal of the act incorporating Nauvoo, often called the . It also promised “to give a full, candid, and succinct statement of FACTS, AS THEY REALLY EXIST IN THE CITY OF NAUVOO.” Around 17 May printing materials for the Expositor arrived in Nauvoo. Although there was a rumor that JS “had sworn that the press should not be set up in Nauvoo,” the Warsaw Signal reported that the materials “were landed without molestation.” The proprietors subsequently printed one thousand copies of the first issue of the Expositor, five hundred of which were mailed out.
When the Expositor appeared on ’s streets on 7 June, its pages contained attacks on JS’s character, his political influence and activities, his financial dealings, and his doctrinal teachings. In particular, the newspaper criticized the doctrines of plural marriage, the plurality of gods, and the power. It also condemned secret societies, the union of church and state, the Nauvoo Municipal Court’s use of , and JS’s presidential campaign. In addition, as promised in its prospectus, the Expositor advocated the repeal of the Nauvoo city charter.
The city council’s discussion of the Expositor largely centered on the character of certain men associated with the newspaper. JS called various witnesses to testify before the council on this subject. During the council’s deliberations, JS stated his belief that the Expositor and its proprietors intended to destroy the peace in and that it was not safe to have this type of publication in the city because it could lead to mob violence. Moreover, he explained that his own statements and the testimony of the witnesses were meant to prepare the city council to act on the matter.
The city council subsequently took several measures. First, it suspended city councilor until he could be investigated for allegedly slandering the city council. Also, at JS’s urging, the council considered an ordinance against libels, and city councilor and , who was a city councilor as well as the city’s attorney, were given the task of crafting this legislation. Near the conclusion of the council’s afternoon session, Phelps read a draft of the libel ordinance, and JS and city councilor requested that certain additions be made to it. Alderman , who was acting as the council’s president pro tempore, then directed the committee to make every effort to provide a “full report” on the ordinance, presumably at the council’s next meeting, which was scheduled for 10 June.
City recorder wrote the 8 June minutes in the city council’s rough minute book. During other meetings of the council, Richards apparently took notes on loose leaves of paper and then used them to create the minutes that he recorded in the rough minute book. He may have also done so for the 8 June minutes. Later, on 15 and 16 June, Richards prepared a revised version of the minutes for the 8 and 10 June meetings focused on the city council’s deliberations regarding the Nauvoo Expositor. The Nauvoo Neighbor then published the revised version of the minutes in its extra issue dated 17 June and in its regular issue dated 19 June. The version in the 19 June issue is identical to the version in the extra, except for some stylistic and clarifying changes. The 8 June minutes Richards recorded in the city council’s rough minute book are featured here, with significant differences between them and the version published in the Neighbor’s 17 June extra noted.

Footnotes

  1. While the 8 June minutes do not identify where the council met, evidence suggests that the most likely meeting place was the Nauvoo Mansion. An order for the city marshal to gather the members of the council for a 10 January 1844 meeting indicated that they would meet in the dining room of the Nauvoo Mansion. Likewise, the minutes from a 12 February city council meeting state that the council met in the Nauvoo Mansion, while an order to the marshal to gather the council for its 5 March meeting designated the meeting place as the “council room” in the Nauvoo Mansion. Similar orders to the marshal for the council’s 7 May and 21 June meetings request that he assemble the members of the council at the “council chamber.” The use of this less specific name suggests that the location of the council chamber was understood and that the council was regularly meeting in the same place. (JS to Nauvoo City Marshal [John P. Greene], Order for Nauvoo City Council Meeting Notification, 10 Jan. 1844; 5 Mar. 1844; 21 June 1844; Nauvoo City Council to Nauvoo City Marshal [John P. Greene], Order for Nauvoo City Council Meeting Notification, 7 May 1844, Nauvoo, IL, Records, CHL; Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 12 Feb. 1844, 1.)

  2. The temperance ordinance prohibited “all Persons & Establishments whatever, in this City . . . from vending Whiskey in a less quantity than a Gallon, or other Spirituous Liquors in a less quantity than a quart,” unless under the “Recommendation of a Physician.” (Nauvoo City Council Minute Book, 15 Feb. 1841, 8.)

  3. Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 13 Apr. 1844, 8–10.

  4. “An Ordinance concerning the City Attorney and His Duties,” 8 June 1844, draft, Nauvoo, IL, Records, CHL.

  5. JS, Journal, 7 June 1844; Masthead, Nauvoo Expositor, 7 June 1844, [1].

  6. Chauncey L. Higbee was cut off from the church in mid-1842. William Law, Wilson Law, and Robert D. Foster were cut off in mid-April 1844. Francis M. Higbee and Charles Ivins were cut off on 18 May 1844. Charles A. Foster and Sylvester Emmons were not members of the church. (Nauvoo Stake High Council Minutes, 20 May 1842; JS, Journal, 18 Apr. 1844; Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Minutes, 18 Apr. 1844; Clayton, Journal, 18 Apr. 1844; Nauvoo Stake High Council Minutes, 18 May 1844; Charles A. Foster, “Important from Nauvoo,” Warsaw [IL] Signal, 25 [24] Apr. 1844, [3]; Perrin, History of Cass County, Illinois, 239.)

    Nauvoo Stake High Council Minutes, ca. 1839–ca. 1843. Fair copy. In Oliver Cowdery, Diary, Jan.–Mar. 1836. CHL.

    Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Minutes, 1840–1844. CHL.

    Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.

    Warsaw Signal. Warsaw, IL. 1841–1853.

    Perrin, William Henry, ed. History of Cass County Illinois. Chicago: O. L. Baskin, 1882.

  7. “Joseph Smith Documents from 1 January through 15 May 1844”; see also Discourse, 26 May 1844; Pleas, ca. 27 May 1844; Pleas, ca. 28 May 1844; and Letter from Robert D. Foster, ca. 7 June 1844.

  8. Council of Fifty, “Record,” 6 May 1844.

  9. JS, Journal, 7 May 1844.

  10. The Expositor’s position reflected a larger debate about the Nauvoo charter. At the most recent regular session of the Illinois legislature, which began in December 1842, legislators discussed repealing or amending Nauvoo’s charter because of, among other concerns, complaints that JS and other Nauvoo leaders were abusing powers granted in the charter to prevent JS from being extradited to Missouri. The Senate Committee on the Judiciary was assigned to investigate the charges and recommended amending all Illinois municipal charters, including Nauvoo’s. There was, however, insufficient support in the legislature to amend or repeal Nauvoo’s charter at that time, though it was repealed in January 1845. (Journal of the Senate . . . of Illinois [1842–1843], title page; 10 Dec. 1842, 55–56; 23 Feb. 1843, 412; 4 and 6 Mar. 1843, 515, 533; JS, Journal, 9–20 Dec. 1842; “Illinois Legislature,” Sangamo Journal [Springfield, IL], 15 [16] Dec. 1842, [2]; “Report of the Committee on the Judiciary . . . in Relation to the Nauvoo City Charter, &c.,” Reports Made to Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Illinois, Senate, 13th Assembly, 1st Sess., pp. 127–130; “It Will Be Seen by the Proceedings,” Wasp, 15 Mar. 1843, [2]; An Act to Repeal the Act Entitled “An Act to Incorporate the City of Nauvoo,” Approved December 16, 1840 [29 Jan. 1845], Laws of the State of Illinois [1844–1845], pp. 187–188.)

    Journal of the Senate of the Thirteenth General Assembly of the State of Illinois, at Their Regular Session, Begun and Held at Springfield, December 5, 1842. Springfield, IL: William Walters, 1842.

    Sangamo Journal. Springfield, IL. 1831–1847.

    Reports Made to Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Illinois, at Their Session Begun and Held at Springfield, December 5, 1842. Springfield, IL: William Waters, 1842.

    The Wasp. Nauvoo, IL. Apr. 1842–Apr. 1843.

    Laws of the State of Illinois, Passed by the Fifteenth General Assembly, at Their Session, Begun and Held in the City of Springfield, December 7, 1846. Springfield, IL: Charles H. Lanphier, 1847.

  11. Prospectus of the Nauvoo Expositor (Nauvoo, IL: 10 May 1844), copy at CHL, emphasis in original.

    Nauvoo Expositor Prospectus. Nauvoo, IL: ca. 10 May 1844. Copy at CHL.

  12. “The Printing Materials,” Warsaw (IL) Signal, 22 May 1844, [2].

    Warsaw Signal. Warsaw, IL. 1841–1853.

  13. Law, Diary, 7 June 1844, in Cook, William Law, 55.

    Cook, Lyndon W. William Law: Biographical Essay, Nauvoo Diary, Correspondence, Interview. Orem, UT: Grandin Book, 1994.

  14. Nauvoo Expositor, 7 June 1844, [1]–[3].

  15. Richards appears to have used this method of note taking during the 10 June 1844 city council meeting. (Historical Introduction to Minutes, 10 June 1844; see also Richards, Journal, 11 June 1844.)

    Richards, Willard. Journals, 1836–1853. Willard Richards, Papers, 1821–1854. CHL. MS 1490, boxes 1–2.

  16. Richards, Journal, 9 June 1844.

    Richards, Willard. Journals, 1836–1853. Willard Richards, Papers, 1821–1854. CHL. MS 1490, boxes 1–2.

  17. Richards, Journal, 15–16 June 1844; Synopsis of Nauvoo City Council Proceedings, 8 June 1844, JS Office Papers, CHL.

    Richards, Willard. Journals, 1836–1853. Willard Richards, Papers, 1821–1854. CHL. MS 1490, boxes 1–2.

  18. “For the Neighbor,” Nauvoo Neighbor, Extra, 17 June 1844, [1]; “For the Neighbor,” Nauvoo Neighbor, 19 June 1844, [2]–[3].

Asterisk (*) denotes a "featured" version, which includes an introduction and annotation. *Minutes, 8 June 1844 Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, February 1844–January 1845 Minutes, 8 June 1844, Extract, as Published in Nauvoo Neighbor Revised Minutes, circa 17 June 1844, Partial Draft Revised Minutes, 17 June 1844 Revised Minutes, 17 June 1844, as Published in Nauvoo Neighbor History, 1838–1856, volume F-1 [1 May 1844–8 August 1844] “History of Joseph Smith”
who was — when he came here had scarce 2 shi[r]ts— was dandld by the authorities of the .— Now. Editer— of the Expositor— his right hand man who he Confesd to him <​the sp[e]aker​> he had had the Pox.— &c— has lifted his hand again[s]t the municipality of God Almighty. and the curse of God shall rest up[o]n him.
Mr. Washington Peck Sworn— said. soon after came heree said came to him— and wa[n]ted to have loan som[e] need mon[e]y I <​witness​> let him have some. and took some jewelry as security. soon after— a man from across the came after the jewelry had stolen it from him. or loaned it of him.—
at anothr time wanted to get money— he should enlist in bogus making asked me if <​witn[e]ss​> if he would do any thing dishon[o]rable. to get.— a living— said he would not.— <​said​> he <​witness​> was a <​damd​> fool he could get a living a deal easier than then he was then doing— <​by making Bogus—​> some men high in th[e] were engaged in the business— <​witness asked if it was Joseph— No said . I dare not tell it to Joseph​> but not Joseph. Witness understood, the Laws were engaged in it— <​ said he​> would be the death of witness of if he ever went to Joseph or any one to tell of what he had said
Bill of for $4.00 read— & $1.50 allowed therere [thereof]
1 oclock & 12 mi— coun[c]il adjnd [adjourned] 1 hour
2 " 12 mi names called. no quorum coun[c]il adjnd for one hour
3 oclock 7. minutes.—
<​ recived his oath of office & took his seat in the coun[c]il​>
moved.— that Counseller be suspended <​from his office as city counciller​> until his case can be investivated for slandering the this <​council and that the notify him [o]f his suspensins [suspension] and that his case wou[l]d be investigated at the next regular session of the​> Council— 2d by— — and carrid—
Moved—
.— Expressd his feelings that had helped make the ordinanc[e]s of the and neverr lifted his voice again[s]t them. in the council.— and was now trying to dest[ro]y th[o]se same ordin[ance]s & the charter [p. 14]
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Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Minutes, 8 June 1844
ID #
17543
Total Pages
9
Print Volume Location
Handwriting on This Page
  • Willard Richards

Footnotes

  1. Emmons arrived in Nauvoo sometime in 1840 or 1841. (Illustrated Atlas Map of Cass County, Illinois, 40; Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 30 Oct. 1841, 28–29.)

    Illustrated Atlas Map of Cass County, Illinois, Carefully Compiled from Personal Examinations and Surveys. [Edwardsville, IL]: W. R. Brink and Co., 1874.

  2. Higbee had reportedly acquired a sexually transmitted disease. (Account of Hearing, Nauvoo, IL, 8 May 1844, F. M. Higbee v. JS–A on Habeas Corpus [Nauvoo Mun. Ct. 1844], pp. 3–6, Nauvoo, IL, Records, CHL; “Municipal Court,” Nauvoo Neighbor, 15 May 1844, [3]; see also Historical Introduction to Letter from Almon Babbitt, 17 May 1844; and Pleas, ca. 28 May 1844.)

  3. The sentence starting with “Emmons has lifted his hand” was omitted from the published version of the city council minutes. (“For the Neighbor,” Nauvoo Neighbor, Extra, 17 June 1844, [1].)

  4. TEXT: Willard Richards overwrote the word “ever” with “if” and then canceled “if”.

  5. Accusations of counterfeiting in Nauvoo were common. For example, the 5 June 1844 edition of the Warsaw Signal featured two articles on counterfeiting, one accusing JS of being involved in the practice and another announcing the arrest of a Latter-day Saint missionary for allegedly circulating counterfeit coins. (“Counterfeiting, &c.,” and “The Way Joe Does It,” Warsaw [IL] Signal, 5 June 1844, [2].)

    Warsaw Signal. Warsaw, IL. 1841–1853.

  6. William Law was appointed as a counselor in the First Presidency in January 1841 but was removed from that position by JS in January 1844. (Revelation, 19 Jan. 1841 [D&C 124:91]; Law, Diary, 8 Jan. 1844, in Cook, William Law, 46.)

    Cook, Lyndon W. William Law: Biographical Essay, Nauvoo Diary, Correspondence, Interview. Orem, UT: Grandin Book, 1994.

  7. Hunter was temporarily serving as a city councilor in place of Daniel Spencer, who was absent from Nauvoo preaching and electioneering as part of JS’s presidential campaign. (Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 29 Apr. 1844, 11; “Special Conference,” Times and Seasons, 15 Apr. 1844, 5:504.)

    Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

  8. On 11 June 1844, Willard Richards, the city recorder for Nauvoo, issued a summons to Emmons to appear before the city council at its next regular meeting on the second Saturday of July. Emmons, however, wrote a letter of resignation, which was accepted by the city council on 21 June. (Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 11 June 1844, 31; Letter from Sylvester Emmons, 21 June 1844; Minutes, 21 June 1844.)

  9. In 1843 JS, as mayor of Nauvoo, appointed Emmons to serve on the city council’s Committee of Municipal Laws. All proposed city ordinances were referred to this committee. Emmons also helped prepare a criminal code for Nauvoo. (Committee Appointments, 11 Feb. 1843; Letter from Sylvester Emmons, 21 June 1844.)

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