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Prayer, 11 January 1834

Source Note

JS,
Frederick G. Williams

28 Oct. 1787–10 Oct. 1842. Ship’s pilot, teacher, physician, justice of the peace. Born at Suffield, Hartford Co., Connecticut. Son of William Wheeler Williams and Ruth Granger. Moved to Newburg, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, 1799. Practiced Thomsonian botanical system...

View Full Bio
,
Newel K. Whitney

3/5 Feb. 1795–23 Sept. 1850. Trader, merchant. Born at Marlborough, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of Samuel Whitney and Susanna Kimball. Moved to Fairfield, Herkimer Co., New York, 1803. Merchant at Plattsburg, Clinton Co., New York, 1814. Mercantile clerk for...

View Full Bio
,
John Johnson

11 Apr. 1778–30 July 1843. Farmer, innkeeper. Born at Chesterfield, Cheshire Co., New Hampshire. Son of Israel Johnson and Abigail Higgins. Married Alice (Elsa) Jacobs, 22 June 1800. Moved to Pomfret, Windsor Co., Vermont, ca. 1803. Settled at Hiram, Portage...

View Full Bio
,
Oliver Cowdery

3 Oct. 1806–3 Mar. 1850. Clerk, teacher, justice of the peace, lawyer, newspaper editor. Born at Wells, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of William Cowdery and Rebecca Fuller. Raised Congregationalist. Moved to western New York and clerked at a store, ca. 1825–1828...

View Full Bio
, and
Orson Hyde

8 Jan. 1805–28 Nov. 1878. Laborer, clerk, storekeeper, teacher, editor, businessman, lawyer, judge. Born at Oxford, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Nathan Hyde and Sally Thorpe. Moved to Derby, New Haven Co., 1812. Moved to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio, ...

View Full Bio
, Prayer,
Kirtland Township

Located ten miles south of Lake Erie. Settled by 1811. Organized by 1818. Latter-day Saint missionaries visited township, early Nov. 1830; many residents joined Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Population in 1830 about 55 Latter-day Saints and...

More Info
, Geauga Co., OH, 11 Jan. 1834. Featured version copied [ca. late Jan. 1834] in JS, Journal, 1832–1834, pp. 43–48; handwriting of
Oliver Cowdery

3 Oct. 1806–3 Mar. 1850. Clerk, teacher, justice of the peace, lawyer, newspaper editor. Born at Wells, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of William Cowdery and Rebecca Fuller. Raised Congregationalist. Moved to western New York and clerked at a store, ca. 1825–1828...

View Full Bio
; JS Collection, CHL. For more complete source information, see the source note for JS, Journal, 1832–1834.
This document appears to have been originally recorded on a separate leaf of paper.
Oliver Cowdery

3 Oct. 1806–3 Mar. 1850. Clerk, teacher, justice of the peace, lawyer, newspaper editor. Born at Wells, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of William Cowdery and Rebecca Fuller. Raised Congregationalist. Moved to western New York and clerked at a store, ca. 1825–1828...

View Full Bio
later copied the prayer into JS’s journal.

Historical Introduction

This prayer by JS and five of his close associates addressed several related concerns, including their personal safety and that of other church members, the protection of the church’s press, and the growing debt facing members of the
United Firm

An organization that supervised the management of church enterprises and properties from 1832 to 1834. In March and April 1832, revelations directed that the church’s publishing and mercantile endeavors be organized. In accordance with this direction, the...

View Glossary
. All of these issues were connected to the real and threatened violence church members had been subjected to for several months. Four of the prayer’s petitioners—JS,
Frederick G. Williams

28 Oct. 1787–10 Oct. 1842. Ship’s pilot, teacher, physician, justice of the peace. Born at Suffield, Hartford Co., Connecticut. Son of William Wheeler Williams and Ruth Granger. Moved to Newburg, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, 1799. Practiced Thomsonian botanical system...

View Full Bio
,
Newel K. Whitney

3/5 Feb. 1795–23 Sept. 1850. Trader, merchant. Born at Marlborough, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of Samuel Whitney and Susanna Kimball. Moved to Fairfield, Herkimer Co., New York, 1803. Merchant at Plattsburg, Clinton Co., New York, 1814. Mercantile clerk for...

View Full Bio
, and
John Johnson

11 Apr. 1778–30 July 1843. Farmer, innkeeper. Born at Chesterfield, Cheshire Co., New Hampshire. Son of Israel Johnson and Abigail Higgins. Married Alice (Elsa) Jacobs, 22 June 1800. Moved to Pomfret, Windsor Co., Vermont, ca. 1803. Settled at Hiram, Portage...

View Full Bio
—were members of the
Kirtland

Located ten miles south of Lake Erie. Settled by 1811. Organized by 1818. Latter-day Saint missionaries visited township, early Nov. 1830; many residents joined Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Population in 1830 about 55 Latter-day Saints and...

More Info
, Ohio, branch of the United Firm, while another—
Oliver Cowdery

3 Oct. 1806–3 Mar. 1850. Clerk, teacher, justice of the peace, lawyer, newspaper editor. Born at Wells, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of William Cowdery and Rebecca Fuller. Raised Congregationalist. Moved to western New York and clerked at a store, ca. 1825–1828...

View Full Bio
—was a member of the
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

More Info
branch of the firm.
Orson Hyde

8 Jan. 1805–28 Nov. 1878. Laborer, clerk, storekeeper, teacher, editor, businessman, lawyer, judge. Born at Oxford, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Nathan Hyde and Sally Thorpe. Moved to Derby, New Haven Co., 1812. Moved to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio, ...

View Full Bio
, the final person mentioned in this prayer, was clerk to the
presidency of the high priesthood

Both the office of the president of the high priesthood and the body comprising the president and his counselors; the presiding body of the church. In November 1831, a revelation directed the appointment of a president of the high priesthood. The individual...

View Glossary
and had recently returned from Missouri with a report of the violence that immediately preceded the expulsion of church members from
Jackson County

Settled at Fort Osage, 1808. County created, 16 Feb. 1825; organized 1826. Named after U.S. president Andrew Jackson. Featured fertile lands along Missouri River and was Santa Fe Trail departure point, which attracted immigrants to area. Area of county reduced...

More Info
.
1

JS, Journal, 25 Nov. 1833; “The Outrage in Jackson County, Missouri,” The Evening and the Morning Star, Dec. 1833, 118–120.


Comprehensive Works Cited

The Evening and the Morning Star. Independence, MO, June 1832–July 1833; Kirtland, OH, Dec. 1833–Sept. 1834.

Several months earlier, in July 1833, vigilantes in
Jackson County

Settled at Fort Osage, 1808. County created, 16 Feb. 1825; organized 1826. Named after U.S. president Andrew Jackson. Featured fertile lands along Missouri River and was Santa Fe Trail departure point, which attracted immigrants to area. Area of county reduced...

More Info
had destroyed the church’s
printing office

JS revelations, dated 20 July and 1 Aug. 1831, directed establishment of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints’s first printing office in Independence, Missouri. Dedicated by Bishop Edward Partridge, 29 May 1832. Located on Lot 76, on Liberty Street...

More Info
, an important source of projected income for the United Firm. The destruction of the printing office exacerbated their financial problems, as several members of the firm were heavily in debt to the firm’s mercantile establishment and to other creditors from whom they had purchased land and goods necessary for fulfilling their
stewardships

One who managed property and goods under the law of consecration; also someone given a specific ecclesiastical responsibility. According to the “Laws of the Church of Christ,” members of the church were to make donations to the bishop, who would record the...

View Glossary
.
2

Revelation, 20 July 1831 [D&C 57:11]; Revelation, 12 Nov. 1831 [D&C 70:3–8]; Revelation, 4 Dec. 1831–B [D&C 72:20–21]; Minutes, 12 Nov. 1831; Parkin, “Joseph Smith and the United Firm,” 37–38.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Parkin, Max H. “Joseph Smith and the United Firm: The Growth and Decline of the Church’s First Master Plan of Business and Finance, Ohio and Missouri, 1832–1834.” BYU Studies 46, no. 3 (2007): 5–66.

The purchase of a new press in order to commence printing operations in
Ohio

French explored and claimed area, 1669. British took possession following French and Indian War, 1763. Ceded to U.S., 1783. First permanent white settlement established, 1788. Northeastern portion maintained as part of Connecticut, 1786, and called Connecticut...

More Info
created additional debt.
3

Letter to Edward Partridge et al., 30 Mar. 1834. The new press, which began operating in Kirtland in December 1833, replaced the one damaged in Missouri.


JS’s correspondence from this period indicates that he and others who were living in
Kirtland

Located ten miles south of Lake Erie. Settled by 1811. Organized by 1818. Latter-day Saint missionaries visited township, early Nov. 1830; many residents joined Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Population in 1830 about 55 Latter-day Saints and...

More Info
feared that events in
Jackson County

Settled at Fort Osage, 1808. County created, 16 Feb. 1825; organized 1826. Named after U.S. president Andrew Jackson. Featured fertile lands along Missouri River and was Santa Fe Trail departure point, which attracted immigrants to area. Area of county reduced...

More Info
might repeat themselves in
Ohio

French explored and claimed area, 1669. British took possession following French and Indian War, 1763. Ceded to U.S., 1783. First permanent white settlement established, 1788. Northeastern portion maintained as part of Connecticut, 1786, and called Connecticut...

More Info
. As early as 18 August 1833, for example, JS wrote to those in
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

More Info
that he was “no safer here in Kirtland then you are in
Zion

JS revelation, dated 20 July 1831, designated Missouri as “land of Zion” for gathering of Saints and place where “City of Zion” was to be built, with Independence area as “center place” of Zion. Latter-day Saint settlements elsewhere, such as in Kirtland,...

More Info
” because “the cloud is gethering arou[nd] us with great fury and all pharohs host or in other words all hell and the com[bined] pow[e]rs of Earth are Marsheling their forces to overthrow us.”
4

Letter to Church Leaders in Jackson Co., MO, 18 Aug. 1833.


Likewise, on 5 December 1833, JS stated that “the inhabitants of this county threaten our distruction and we know not how soon they may be permitted to follow the examples of the Missourians.”
5

Letter to Edward Partridge, 5 Dec. 1833.


B. F. Norris, a resident of nearby
Mentor

Located in northeastern Ohio, about three miles northeast of Kirtland. Area claimed by Connecticut (referred to as Western Reserve), 1786. Surveyed 1796. Settled by early 1798. Organized 1815. Population in 1830 about 700. Included village of Mentor. Sidney...

More Info
, Ohio, who was not a member of the
Church of Christ

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

View Glossary
, corroborated JS’s reports, writing on 6 January 1834 that a group had “threatend mob[b]ing” church members in Kirtland. Norris also observed that “Smith has four or five armed men to gard him every night.”
6

B. F. Norris, Mentor, OH, to Mark Norris, Ypsilanti, Michigan Territory, 6 Jan. 1834, Mark Norris Papers, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library, MI, as cited in David W. Grua, “Joseph Smith and the 1834 D. P. Hurlbut Case,” 38.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Grua, David W. “Joseph Smith and the 1834 D. P. Hurlbut Case.” BYU Studies 44, no. 1 (2005): 33–54.

Two days later,
Oliver Cowdery

3 Oct. 1806–3 Mar. 1850. Clerk, teacher, justice of the peace, lawyer, newspaper editor. Born at Wells, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of William Cowdery and Rebecca Fuller. Raised Congregationalist. Moved to western New York and clerked at a store, ca. 1825–1828...

View Full Bio
reported that vigilantes had fired a cannon at midnight in an attempt to intimidate the members of the church. “No one was frightened,” Cowdery explained, “but all prepared to defend ourselves if they made a sally upon our houses.”
7

Oliver Cowdery, Kirtland, OH, to William W. Phelps and John Whitmer, Clay Co., MO, 21 Jan. 1834, in Cowdery, Letterbook, 22.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Cowdery, Oliver. Letterbook, 1833–1838. Huntington Library, San Marino, CA.

At least part of the persecution the Mormons faced in
Kirtland

Located ten miles south of Lake Erie. Settled by 1811. Organized by 1818. Latter-day Saint missionaries visited township, early Nov. 1830; many residents joined Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Population in 1830 about 55 Latter-day Saints and...

More Info
stemmed from the allegation of
Doctor Philastus Hurlbut

3 Feb. 1809–16 June 1883. Clergyman, farmer. Born at Chittenden Co., Vermont. “Doctor” was his given name. Preacher for Methodist Episcopal Church in Jamestown, Chautauque Co., New York. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1832/1833...

View Full Bio
, a former member of the church, that the Book of Mormon was based on an unpublished work of fiction written by Solomon Spalding.
8

Winchester, Plain Facts, 8–10.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Winchester, Benjamin. Plain Facts, Shewing the Origin of the Spaulding Story, concerning the Manuscript Found, and Its Being Transformed into the Book of Mormon; with a Short History of Dr. P. Hulbert, the Author of the Said Story . . . Re-published by George J. Adams, Minister of the Gospel, Bedford, England. To Which Is Added, a Letter from Elder S. Rigdon, Also, One from Elder O. Hyde, on the Above Subject. Bedford, England: C. B. Merry, 1841.

Hurlbut was “lieing in a wonderful manner,” JS wrote on 18 August 1833, “and the peapl [people] are running after him and giveing him mony to b[r]ake down mormanism which much endangers our lives.”
9

Letter to Church Leaders in Jackson Co., MO, 18 Aug. 1833. Hurlbut had delivered at least one advertised lecture in Kirtland about the alleged connection between Spalding’s work and the Book of Mormon; he also announced his intention to publish a book “which . . . would divulge the whole secret” of the supposedly fraudulent origins of the Book of Mormon. Some of those present at the lecture contributed funds to Hurlbut’s project, and an anti-Mormon committee in the area employed Hurlbut “to ascertain the real origin of the Book of Mormon, and to examine the validity of Joseph Smith’s claims to the character of a Prophet.” Hurlbut traveled through Pennsylvania, New York, and Massachusetts in search for Spalding’s manuscript. He collected several affidavits from people in New York testifying against the character of JS and his family, and he claimed to have found Spalding’s manuscript, though he never published it. (Winchester, Plain Facts, 9–11; “To the Public,” Painesville [OH] Telegraph, 31 Jan. 1834, [3].)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Winchester, Benjamin. Plain Facts, Shewing the Origin of the Spaulding Story, concerning the Manuscript Found, and Its Being Transformed into the Book of Mormon; with a Short History of Dr. P. Hulbert, the Author of the Said Story . . . Re-published by George J. Adams, Minister of the Gospel, Bedford, England. To Which Is Added, a Letter from Elder S. Rigdon, Also, One from Elder O. Hyde, on the Above Subject. Bedford, England: C. B. Merry, 1841.

Painesville Telegraph. Painesville, OH. 1822–1986.

Hurlbut allegedly threatened to kill JS in mid-December, prompting JS to file a complaint against him on 21 December 1833 with Kirtland justice of the peace
John C. Dowen

ca. 1796–2 Feb. 1885. Farmer, justice of the peace. Born in New York. Married Huldah. Moved to Deerfield, Oneida Co., New York, by Oct. 1823. Moved to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio, by July 1833. Elected justice of the peace, 1833. Justice of the peace in case...

View Full Bio
. A hearing on the issue was set for 13 January 1834, two days after this prayer was offered.
10

Winchester, Plain Facts, 11; Geauga Co., OH, Court of Common Pleas, Court Records, 1807–1904, Final Record Book P, pp. 431–432, microfilm 20,278, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Winchester, Benjamin. Plain Facts, Shewing the Origin of the Spaulding Story, concerning the Manuscript Found, and Its Being Transformed into the Book of Mormon; with a Short History of Dr. P. Hulbert, the Author of the Said Story . . . Re-published by George J. Adams, Minister of the Gospel, Bedford, England. To Which Is Added, a Letter from Elder S. Rigdon, Also, One from Elder O. Hyde, on the Above Subject. Bedford, England: C. B. Merry, 1841.

U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    JS, Journal, 25 Nov. 1833; “The Outrage in Jackson County, Missouri,” The Evening and the Morning Star, Dec. 1833, 118–120.

    The Evening and the Morning Star. Independence, MO, June 1832–July 1833; Kirtland, OH, Dec. 1833–Sept. 1834.

  2. [2]

    Revelation, 20 July 1831 [D&C 57:11]; Revelation, 12 Nov. 1831 [D&C 70:3–8]; Revelation, 4 Dec. 1831–B [D&C 72:20–21]; Minutes, 12 Nov. 1831; Parkin, “Joseph Smith and the United Firm,” 37–38.

    Parkin, Max H. “Joseph Smith and the United Firm: The Growth and Decline of the Church’s First Master Plan of Business and Finance, Ohio and Missouri, 1832–1834.” BYU Studies 46, no. 3 (2007): 5–66.

  3. [3]

    Letter to Edward Partridge et al., 30 Mar. 1834. The new press, which began operating in Kirtland in December 1833, replaced the one damaged in Missouri.

  4. [4]

    Letter to Church Leaders in Jackson Co., MO, 18 Aug. 1833.

  5. [5]

    Letter to Edward Partridge, 5 Dec. 1833.

  6. [6]

    B. F. Norris, Mentor, OH, to Mark Norris, Ypsilanti, Michigan Territory, 6 Jan. 1834, Mark Norris Papers, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library, MI, as cited in David W. Grua, “Joseph Smith and the 1834 D. P. Hurlbut Case,” 38.

    Grua, David W. “Joseph Smith and the 1834 D. P. Hurlbut Case.” BYU Studies 44, no. 1 (2005): 33–54.

  7. [7]

    Oliver Cowdery, Kirtland, OH, to William W. Phelps and John Whitmer, Clay Co., MO, 21 Jan. 1834, in Cowdery, Letterbook, 22.

    Cowdery, Oliver. Letterbook, 1833–1838. Huntington Library, San Marino, CA.

  8. [8]

    Winchester, Plain Facts, 8–10.

    Winchester, Benjamin. Plain Facts, Shewing the Origin of the Spaulding Story, concerning the Manuscript Found, and Its Being Transformed into the Book of Mormon; with a Short History of Dr. P. Hulbert, the Author of the Said Story . . . Re-published by George J. Adams, Minister of the Gospel, Bedford, England. To Which Is Added, a Letter from Elder S. Rigdon, Also, One from Elder O. Hyde, on the Above Subject. Bedford, England: C. B. Merry, 1841.

  9. [9]

    Letter to Church Leaders in Jackson Co., MO, 18 Aug. 1833. Hurlbut had delivered at least one advertised lecture in Kirtland about the alleged connection between Spalding’s work and the Book of Mormon; he also announced his intention to publish a book “which . . . would divulge the whole secret” of the supposedly fraudulent origins of the Book of Mormon. Some of those present at the lecture contributed funds to Hurlbut’s project, and an anti-Mormon committee in the area employed Hurlbut “to ascertain the real origin of the Book of Mormon, and to examine the validity of Joseph Smith’s claims to the character of a Prophet.” Hurlbut traveled through Pennsylvania, New York, and Massachusetts in search for Spalding’s manuscript. He collected several affidavits from people in New York testifying against the character of JS and his family, and he claimed to have found Spalding’s manuscript, though he never published it. (Winchester, Plain Facts, 9–11; “To the Public,” Painesville [OH] Telegraph, 31 Jan. 1834, [3].)

    Winchester, Benjamin. Plain Facts, Shewing the Origin of the Spaulding Story, concerning the Manuscript Found, and Its Being Transformed into the Book of Mormon; with a Short History of Dr. P. Hulbert, the Author of the Said Story . . . Re-published by George J. Adams, Minister of the Gospel, Bedford, England. To Which Is Added, a Letter from Elder S. Rigdon, Also, One from Elder O. Hyde, on the Above Subject. Bedford, England: C. B. Merry, 1841.

    Painesville Telegraph. Painesville, OH. 1822–1986.

  10. [10]

    Winchester, Plain Facts, 11; Geauga Co., OH, Court of Common Pleas, Court Records, 1807–1904, Final Record Book P, pp. 431–432, microfilm 20,278, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL.

    Winchester, Benjamin. Plain Facts, Shewing the Origin of the Spaulding Story, concerning the Manuscript Found, and Its Being Transformed into the Book of Mormon; with a Short History of Dr. P. Hulbert, the Author of the Said Story . . . Re-published by George J. Adams, Minister of the Gospel, Bedford, England. To Which Is Added, a Letter from Elder S. Rigdon, Also, One from Elder O. Hyde, on the Above Subject. Bedford, England: C. B. Merry, 1841.

    U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.

Asterisk (*) denotes a "featured" version, which includes an introduction and annotation.
*Prayer, 11 January 1834
Journal, 1832–1834

Page 43

January 11, 1834. This evening Joseph Smith Jr,
Frederick G. Williams

28 Oct. 1787–10 Oct. 1842. Ship’s pilot, teacher, physician, justice of the peace. Born at Suffield, Hartford Co., Connecticut. Son of William Wheeler Williams and Ruth Granger. Moved to Newburg, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, 1799. Practiced Thomsonian botanical system...

View Full Bio
,
Newel K. Whitney

3/5 Feb. 1795–23 Sept. 1850. Trader, merchant. Born at Marlborough, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of Samuel Whitney and Susanna Kimball. Moved to Fairfield, Herkimer Co., New York, 1803. Merchant at Plattsburg, Clinton Co., New York, 1814. Mercantile clerk for...

View Full Bio
,
John Johnson

11 Apr. 1778–30 July 1843. Farmer, innkeeper. Born at Chesterfield, Cheshire Co., New Hampshire. Son of Israel Johnson and Abigail Higgins. Married Alice (Elsa) Jacobs, 22 June 1800. Moved to Pomfret, Windsor Co., Vermont, ca. 1803. Settled at Hiram, Portage...

View Full Bio
,
Oliver Cowdery

3 Oct. 1806–3 Mar. 1850. Clerk, teacher, justice of the peace, lawyer, newspaper editor. Born at Wells, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of William Cowdery and Rebecca Fuller. Raised Congregationalist. Moved to western New York and clerked at a store, ca. 1825–1828...

View Full Bio
, and
Orson Hyde

8 Jan. 1805–28 Nov. 1878. Laborer, clerk, storekeeper, teacher, editor, businessman, lawyer, judge. Born at Oxford, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Nathan Hyde and Sally Thorpe. Moved to Derby, New Haven Co., 1812. Moved to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio, ...

View Full Bio
united in prayer and asked the Lord to grant the following petition: [p. 43]
View entire transcript

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Source Note

Document Transcript

Page 43

Document Information

Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Prayer, 11 January 1834
ID #
3113
Total Pages
6
Print Volume Location
JSP, D3:403–407
Handwriting on This Page
  • Oliver Cowdery

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