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Recommendation for George A. Smith, 21 September 1839

Source Note

JS, Recommendation, for
George A. Smith

26 June 1817–1 Sept. 1875. Born at Potsdam, St. Lawrence Co., New York. Son of John Smith and Clarissa Lyman. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by Joseph H. Wakefield, 10 Sept. 1832, at Potsdam. Moved to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio,...

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,
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
[
Commerce

Located near middle of western boundary of state, bordering Mississippi River. European Americans settled area, 1820s. From bank of river, several feet above high-water mark, ground described as nearly level for six or seven blocks before gradually sloping...

More Info
], Hancock Co., IL, 21 Sept. 1839; handwriting of
James Mulholland

1804–3 Nov. 1839. Born in Ireland. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Married Sarah Scott, 8 Feb. 1838/1839, at Far West, Caldwell Co., Missouri. Engaged in clerical work for JS, 1838, at Far West. Ordained a seventy, 28 Dec. 1838....

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; signature of JS; one page; JS Collection, CHL. Includes dockets and archival marking.
One leaf, measuring 7¾ × 7⅜ inches (20 × 19 cm). The right side and the bottom of the recto have the square cut of manufactured paper, whereas the left side and the top are unevenly cut. The document was originally folded in half. Later, the document was refolded for filing and then docketed.
A docket in the handwriting of
Leo Hawkins

19 July 1834–28 May 1859. Clerk, reporter. Born in London. Son of Samuel Harris Hawkins and Charlotte Savage. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by John Banks, 23 Oct. 1848. Immigrated to U.S. with his family; arrived in New Orleans...

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, an employee in the Church Historian’s Office in the 1850s, indicates the document was in church possession at that time, though a docket in the handwriting of
Thomas Bullock

23 Dec. 1816–10 Feb. 1885. Farmer, excise officer, secretary, clerk. Born in Leek, Staffordshire, England. Son of Thomas Bullock and Mary Hall. Married Henrietta Rushton, 25 June 1838. Moved to Ardee, Co. Louth, Ireland, Nov. 1839; to Isle of Anglesey, Aug...

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suggests that the document may have been in institutional possession as early as 1843. The document is listed in an 1858 Historian’s Office inventory.
1

“Contents of the Historian and Recorder’s Office. G. S. L. City July 1858,” 6, Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL. Thomas Bullock started working as a scribe for JS in 1843. (Jessee, “Writing of Joseph Smith’s History,” 456–458.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.

Jessee, Dean C. “The Writing of Joseph Smith’s History.” BYU Studies 11 (Summer 1971): 439–473.

By 1973 the document was included in the JS Collection.
2

Johnson, Register of the Joseph Smith Collection, 10.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Johnson, Jeffery O. Register of the Joseph Smith Collection in the Church Archives, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Salt Lake City: Historical Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1973.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    “Contents of the Historian and Recorder’s Office. G. S. L. City July 1858,” 6, Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL. Thomas Bullock started working as a scribe for JS in 1843. (Jessee, “Writing of Joseph Smith’s History,” 456–458.)

    Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.

    Jessee, Dean C. “The Writing of Joseph Smith’s History.” BYU Studies 11 (Summer 1971): 439–473.

  2. [2]

    Johnson, Register of the Joseph Smith Collection, 10.

    Johnson, Jeffery O. Register of the Joseph Smith Collection in the Church Archives, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Salt Lake City: Historical Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1973.

Historical Introduction

On 21 September 1839, JS wrote a letter of recommendation for
George A. Smith

26 June 1817–1 Sept. 1875. Born at Potsdam, St. Lawrence Co., New York. Son of John Smith and Clarissa Lyman. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by Joseph H. Wakefield, 10 Sept. 1832, at Potsdam. Moved to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio,...

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, who was preparing to depart
Illinois

Became part of Northwest Territory of U.S., 1787. Admitted as state, 1818. Population in 1840 about 480,000. Population in 1845 about 660,000. Plentiful, inexpensive land attracted settlers from northern and southern states. Following expulsion from Missouri...

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to serve a mission in
England

Island nation consisting of southern portion of Great Britain and surrounding smaller islands. Bounded on north by Scotland and on west by Wales. Became province of Roman Empire, first century. Ruled by Romans, through 447. Ruled by Picts, Scots, and Saxons...

More Info
with other members of the
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles

Members of a governing body in the church, with special administrative and proselytizing responsibilities. A June 1829 revelation commanded Oliver Cowdery and David Whitmer to call twelve disciples, similar to the twelve apostles in the New Testament and ...

View Glossary
.
1

George A. Smith received an earlier letter of recommendation from the First Presidency on 3 June 1839. The reason for the duplication is unclear, but it may be related to the fact that the earlier letter did not identify Smith as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve, whereas the letter featured here did. (Sidney Rigdon, Hyrum Smith, and JS, Letter of Recommendation for George A. Smith, 3 June 1839, JS Collection, CHL.)


JS appointed Smith to the quorum in January 1839 to fill the vacancy left by
Thomas B. Marsh

1 Nov. 1800–Jan. 1866. Farmer, hotel worker, waiter, horse groom, grocer, type foundry worker, teacher. Born at Acton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of James Marsh and Molly Law. Married first Elizabeth Godkin, 1 Nov. 1820, at New York City. Moved to ...

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, who was excommunicated in absentia in March 1839.
2

Letter to Heber C. Kimball and Brigham Young, 16 Jan. 1839; JS History, vol. C-1, 899.


Shortly after Smith was designated,
Brigham Young

1 June 1801–29 Aug. 1877. Carpenter, painter, glazier, colonizer. Born at Whitingham, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of John Young and Abigail (Nabby) Howe. Brought up in Methodist household; later joined Methodist church. Moved to Sherburne, Chenango Co., New...

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presented the appointment to a
conference

A meeting where ecclesiastical officers and other church members could conduct church business. The “Articles and Covenants” of the church directed the elders to hold conferences to perform “Church business.” The first of these conferences was held on 9 June...

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in
Quincy

Located on high limestone bluffs east of Mississippi River, about forty-five miles south of Nauvoo. Settled 1821. Adams Co. seat, 1825. Incorporated as town, 1834. Received city charter, 1840. Population in 1835 about 800; in 1840 about 2,300; and in 1845...

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, Illinois, and the conference sustained Smith in that position.
3

George A. Smith, Autobiography, 1839, 81. The date on which Brigham Young presented Smith’s appointment for a sustaining vote is unclear. Young recorded the meeting as having occurred on 18 March 1839, but Smith himself said it was on 17 April 1839. Smith’s appointment was also presented to the general conference of the church in May 1839, even though he had already been ordained. (Historian’s Office, Brigham Young History Drafts, 21; Minutes, 4–5 May 1839.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Smith, George A. Autobiography, ca. 1860–1882. George Albert Smith, Papers, 1834–1877. CHL. MS 1322, box 1, fd. 2.

Historian’s Office. Brigham Young History Drafts, 1856–1858. CHL. CR 100 475, box 1, fd. 5.

Smith was
ordained

The conferral of power and authority; to appoint, decree, or set apart. Church members, primarily adults, were ordained to ecclesiastical offices and other responsibilities by the laying on of hands by those with the proper authority. Ordinations to priesthood...

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to the office on 26 April in
Far West

Originally called Shoal Creek. Located fifty-five miles northeast of Independence. Surveyed 1823; first settled by whites, 1831. Site purchased, 8 Aug. 1836, before Caldwell Co. was organized for Latter-day Saints in Missouri. William W. Phelps and John Whitmer...

More Info
, Missouri, by the other members of the Quorum of the Twelve. They had gathered at the Far West
temple site

Plans for Far West included temple on central block. Latter-day Saints in Caldwell Co. made preparations for construction and commenced excavating for foundation, 3 July 1837. However, while visiting Latter-day Saints in Far West, 6 Nov. 1837, JS gave instructions...

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because a revelation instructed them to symbolically recommence the construction of the temple by laying a new cornerstone. Another revelation had directed them to leave for their missions immediately after gathering at the temple site. However, because of sickness and other issues, many of the quorum members did not depart until August and September. Smith, one of those delayed by illness, left the day he received this recommendation.
4

George A. Smith, Autobiography, 1839, 81; Revelation, 26 Apr. 1838 [D&C 115:8–12]; Revelation, 8 July 1838–A [D&C 118:4–5].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Smith, George A. Autobiography, ca. 1860–1882. George Albert Smith, Papers, 1834–1877. CHL. MS 1322, box 1, fd. 2.

In nineteenth-century
America

North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...

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, it was common practice for individuals traveling to distant places to carry letters of recommendation that introduced them to strangers and vouched for the traveler’s character.
5

Willis, Etiquette, and the Usages of Society, 9–11.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Willis, Henry P. Etiquette, and the Usages of Society: Containing the Most Approved Rules for Correct Deportment in Fashionable Life, together with Hints to Gentlemen and Ladies on Irregular and Vulgar Habits. Also, the Etiquette of Love and Courtship, Marriage Etiquette, &c. New York: Dick and Fitzgerald, 1860.

In addition to such letters, the church’s missionaries typically carried
licenses

A document certifying an individual’s office in the church and authorizing him “to perform the duty of his calling.” The “Articles and Covenants” of the church implied that only elders could issue licenses; individuals ordained by a priest to an office in...

View Glossary
certifying their
priesthood

Power or authority of God. The priesthood was conferred through the laying on of hands upon adult male members of the church in good standing; no specialized training was required. Priesthood officers held responsibility for administering the sacrament of...

View Glossary
office and authority to preach. According to the church’s governing “Articles and Covenants,” when an
elder

A male leader in the church generally; an ecclesiastical and priesthood office or one holding that office; a proselytizing missionary. The Book of Mormon explained that elders ordained priests and teachers and administered “the flesh and blood of Christ unto...

View Glossary
left the
branch

An ecclesiastical organization of church members in a particular locale. A branch was generally smaller than a stake or a conference. Branches were also referred to as churches, as in “the Church of Shalersville.” In general, a branch was led by a presiding...

View Glossary
of the church in which he resided to transact church business in another branch, he was expected to carry a license with him “from other elders, by vote of the church to which they belong, or from the
conferences

A meeting where ecclesiastical officers and other church members could conduct church business. The “Articles and Covenants” of the church directed the elders to hold conferences to perform “Church business.” The first of these conferences was held on 9 June...

View Glossary
.”
6

Articles and Covenants, ca. Apr. 1830, in Doctrine and Covenants 2:14–15, 1835 ed. [D&C 20:63–64]. An 1838 conference in Far West resolved that all licenses should be signed by a member of the First Presidency. (Historical Introduction to License for Gardner Snow, 19 Jan. 1839.)


There is no record of the church issuing a
license

A document certifying an individual’s office in the church and authorizing him “to perform the duty of his calling.” The “Articles and Covenants” of the church implied that only elders could issue licenses; individuals ordained by a priest to an office in...

View Glossary
to
George A. Smith

26 June 1817–1 Sept. 1875. Born at Potsdam, St. Lawrence Co., New York. Son of John Smith and Clarissa Lyman. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by Joseph H. Wakefield, 10 Sept. 1832, at Potsdam. Moved to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio,...

View Full Bio
at the time he departed for
England

Island nation consisting of southern portion of Great Britain and surrounding smaller islands. Bounded on north by Scotland and on west by Wales. Became province of Roman Empire, first century. Ruled by Romans, through 447. Ruled by Picts, Scots, and Saxons...

More Info
. While the document featured here was ostensibly a letter of recommendation that introduced him as a member of the
Quorum of the Twelve

Members of a governing body in the church, with special administrative and proselytizing responsibilities. A June 1829 revelation commanded Oliver Cowdery and David Whitmer to call twelve disciples, similar to the twelve apostles in the New Testament and ...

View Glossary
to “all to whom this may come,” it simultaneously may have functioned as a license issued and signed by a member of the
First Presidency

The highest presiding body of the church. An 11 November 1831 revelation stated that the president of the high priesthood was to preside over the church. JS was ordained as president of the high priesthood on 25 January 1832. In March 1832, JS appointed two...

View Glossary
because it identified Smith’s
priesthood

Power or authority of God. The priesthood was conferred through the laying on of hands upon adult male members of the church in good standing; no specialized training was required. Priesthood officers held responsibility for administering the sacrament of...

View Glossary
office and authorized him to preach “to the nations of the earth.”
7

The mission to England was Smith’s fifth tour of missionary service. Because of Smith’s several missions prior to this date, he had received several other church licenses and recommendations, of which at least three are extant. (“Sketch of the Auto-biography of George Albert Smith,” 13–15, Historian’s Office, Histories of the Twelve, 1856–1858, 1861, CHL; Elder’s License for George A. Smith, 7 June 1836, JS Collection, CHL; Elder’s License for George A. Smith, 27 May 1839, George Albert Smith, Papers, CHL; Sidney Rigdon, Hyrum Smith, and JS, Letter of Recommendation for George A. Smith, 3 June 1839, JS Collection, CHL.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Historian’s Office. Histories of the Twelve, 1856–1858, 1861. CHL. CR 100 93.

Smith, George Albert. Papers, 1834–1877. CHL. MS 1322.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    George A. Smith received an earlier letter of recommendation from the First Presidency on 3 June 1839. The reason for the duplication is unclear, but it may be related to the fact that the earlier letter did not identify Smith as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve, whereas the letter featured here did. (Sidney Rigdon, Hyrum Smith, and JS, Letter of Recommendation for George A. Smith, 3 June 1839, JS Collection, CHL.)

  2. [2]

    Letter to Heber C. Kimball and Brigham Young, 16 Jan. 1839; JS History, vol. C-1, 899.

  3. [3]

    George A. Smith, Autobiography, 1839, 81. The date on which Brigham Young presented Smith’s appointment for a sustaining vote is unclear. Young recorded the meeting as having occurred on 18 March 1839, but Smith himself said it was on 17 April 1839. Smith’s appointment was also presented to the general conference of the church in May 1839, even though he had already been ordained. (Historian’s Office, Brigham Young History Drafts, 21; Minutes, 4–5 May 1839.)

    Smith, George A. Autobiography, ca. 1860–1882. George Albert Smith, Papers, 1834–1877. CHL. MS 1322, box 1, fd. 2.

    Historian’s Office. Brigham Young History Drafts, 1856–1858. CHL. CR 100 475, box 1, fd. 5.

  4. [4]

    George A. Smith, Autobiography, 1839, 81; Revelation, 26 Apr. 1838 [D&C 115:8–12]; Revelation, 8 July 1838–A [D&C 118:4–5].

    Smith, George A. Autobiography, ca. 1860–1882. George Albert Smith, Papers, 1834–1877. CHL. MS 1322, box 1, fd. 2.

  5. [5]

    Willis, Etiquette, and the Usages of Society, 9–11.

    Willis, Henry P. Etiquette, and the Usages of Society: Containing the Most Approved Rules for Correct Deportment in Fashionable Life, together with Hints to Gentlemen and Ladies on Irregular and Vulgar Habits. Also, the Etiquette of Love and Courtship, Marriage Etiquette, &c. New York: Dick and Fitzgerald, 1860.

  6. [6]

    Articles and Covenants, ca. Apr. 1830, in Doctrine and Covenants 2:14–15, 1835 ed. [D&C 20:63–64]. An 1838 conference in Far West resolved that all licenses should be signed by a member of the First Presidency. (Historical Introduction to License for Gardner Snow, 19 Jan. 1839.)

  7. [7]

    The mission to England was Smith’s fifth tour of missionary service. Because of Smith’s several missions prior to this date, he had received several other church licenses and recommendations, of which at least three are extant. (“Sketch of the Auto-biography of George Albert Smith,” 13–15, Historian’s Office, Histories of the Twelve, 1856–1858, 1861, CHL; Elder’s License for George A. Smith, 7 June 1836, JS Collection, CHL; Elder’s License for George A. Smith, 27 May 1839, George Albert Smith, Papers, CHL; Sidney Rigdon, Hyrum Smith, and JS, Letter of Recommendation for George A. Smith, 3 June 1839, JS Collection, CHL.)

    Historian’s Office. Histories of the Twelve, 1856–1858, 1861. CHL. CR 100 93.

    Smith, George Albert. Papers, 1834–1877. CHL. MS 1322.

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Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Recommendation for George A. Smith, 21 September 1839
ID #
2171
Total Pages
2
Print Volume Location
JSP, D7:12–14
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