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  2. Church Officers in Nauvoo, Illinois, May–August 1842

Church Officers in Nauvoo, Illinois, May–August 1842

In 1839, a church conference organized a stake in
Commerce

Located near middle of western boundary of state, bordering Mississippi River. European Americans settled area, 1820s. From bank of river, several feet above high-water mark, ground described as nearly level for six or seven blocks before gradually sloping...

More Info
(later
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
), Illinois. The stake leadership consisted of a president, a high council, and three bishops.
1

Minutes and Discourses, 5–7 Oct. 1839; see also Minutes, 6 May 1839.


A January 1841 revelation designated the Nauvoo stake as a “corner stone of Zion.”
2

Revelation, 19 Jan. 1841 [D&C 124:2].


 
Presidency
In 1839, a general conference of the church appointed
William Marks

15 Nov. 1792–22 May 1872. Farmer, printer, publisher, postmaster. Born at Rutland, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of Cornell (Cornwall) Marks and Sarah Goodrich. Married first Rosannah R. Robinson, 2 May 1813. Lived at Portage, Allegany Co., New York, where he...

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as president of the stake in
Commerce

Located near middle of western boundary of state, bordering Mississippi River. European Americans settled area, 1820s. From bank of river, several feet above high-water mark, ground described as nearly level for six or seven blocks before gradually sloping...

More Info
(later
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
), Illinois.
3

Minutes and Discourses, 5–7 Oct. 1839; see also Minutes, 6 May 1839.


On 30 March 1841, Marks informed the Nauvoo high council that he had chosen
Austin Cowles

3 May 1792–15 Jan. 1872. Farmer, teacher, minister, millwright, miller, merchant. Born in Brookfield, Orange Co., Vermont. Son of Timothy Cowles and Abigail Woodworth. Moved to Unadilla, Otsego Co., New York, by 1810. Married first Phebe Wilbur, 14 Jan. 1813...

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and
Charles C. Rich

21 Aug. 1809–17 Nov. 1883. Schoolteacher, farmer, cooper. Born in Campbell Co., Kentucky. Son of Joseph Rich and Nancy O’Neal. Moved to Posey Township, Dearborn Co., Indiana, ca. 1810. Moved to Tazewell Co., Illinois, 1829. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ...

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as his counselors. Cowles and Rich were ordained the same day and served in those roles throughout the period from May through August 1842.
4

Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 30 Mar. 1841.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 1839–1845. CHL. LR 3102 22.

1 May–31 August 1842
William Marks

15 Nov. 1792–22 May 1872. Farmer, printer, publisher, postmaster. Born at Rutland, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of Cornell (Cornwall) Marks and Sarah Goodrich. Married first Rosannah R. Robinson, 2 May 1813. Lived at Portage, Allegany Co., New York, where he...

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, president
Austin Cowles

3 May 1792–15 Jan. 1872. Farmer, teacher, minister, millwright, miller, merchant. Born in Brookfield, Orange Co., Vermont. Son of Timothy Cowles and Abigail Woodworth. Moved to Unadilla, Otsego Co., New York, by 1810. Married first Phebe Wilbur, 14 Jan. 1813...

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, first counselor
Charles C. Rich

21 Aug. 1809–17 Nov. 1883. Schoolteacher, farmer, cooper. Born in Campbell Co., Kentucky. Son of Joseph Rich and Nancy O’Neal. Moved to Posey Township, Dearborn Co., Indiana, ca. 1810. Moved to Tazewell Co., Illinois, 1829. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ...

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, second counselor
 
High Council
In 1839, a general conference of the church appointed twelve men to serve as members of the
high council

A governing body of twelve high priests. The first high council was organized in Kirtland, Ohio, on 17 February 1834 “for the purpose of settling important difficulties which might arise in the church, which could not be settled by the church, or the bishop...

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in
Commerce

Located near middle of western boundary of state, bordering Mississippi River. European Americans settled area, 1820s. From bank of river, several feet above high-water mark, ground described as nearly level for six or seven blocks before gradually sloping...

More Info
(later
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
), Illinois.
5

Minutes and Discourses, 5–7 Oct. 1839.


Though council members changed over the years, the council remained the same for the period from May through August 1842.
6

Nauvoo High Council, Minutes, 20 May 1842.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 1839–1845. CHL. LR 3102 22.

When individual members could not attend, alternates (or members pro tempore) were appointed to participate in council meetings.
7

See, for example, the pro tempore appointments of Elias Higbee and John P. Greene to the Nauvoo high council in Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 25 July 1840.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 1839–1845. CHL. LR 3102 22.

These temporary appointments are not reflected in this chart.
1 May–31 August 1842
James Allred

22 Jan. 1784–10 Jan. 1876. Farmer. Born in Randolph Co., North Carolina. Son of William Allred and Elizabeth Thrasher. Married Elizabeth Warren. Moved to Missouri, before Sept. 1832. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by George M. Hinkle...

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Samuel Bent

19 July 1778–16 Aug. 1846. Born in Barre, Worcester Co., Massachusetts. Son of Joel Bent and Mary Mason. Married first Mary Kilburn, 3 Mar. 1805, in Wendell, Franklin Co., Massachusetts. Colonel in Massachusetts militia. Lived in Braintree, Norfolk Co., Massachusetts...

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Alpheus Cutler

29 Feb. 1784–10 June 1864. Stonemason. Born in Plainfield, Cheshire Co., New Hampshire. Son of Knight Cutler and Elizabeth Boyd. Married Lois Lathrop, 17 Nov. 1808, in Lebanon, Grafton Co., New Hampshire. Moved to Upper Lisle, Broome Co., New York, ca. 1808...

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David Fullmer

7 July 1803–21 Oct. 1879. Teacher, merchant, farmer. Born in Chillisquaque Township, Northumberland Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Peter Fullmer and Susannah Zerfoss. Moved to Huntington Township, Luzerne Co., Pennsylvania, by 1820. Married Rhoda Ann Marvin, 18...

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Thomas Grover

22 July 1807–20 Feb. 1886. Farmer, boat operator. Born at Whitehall, Washington Co., New York. Son of Thomas Grover and Polly Spaulding. Married first Caroline Whiting of Whitehall, 1828. Became a Methodist preacher, by 1834. Moved to Freedom, Cattaraugus...

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George W. Harris

1 Apr. 1780–1857. Jeweler. Born at Lanesboro, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of James Harris and Diana (Margaret) Burton. Married first Elizabeth, ca. 1800. Married second Margaret, who died in 1828. Moved to Batavia, Genesee Co., New York, by 1830. Married...

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William Huntington

28 Mar. 1784–19 Aug. 1846. Farmer, brick maker, potash manufacturer. Born in New Grantham, Cheshire Co., New Hampshire. Son of William Huntington and Prescendia Lathrop. Married first Zina Baker, 28 Dec. 1806, in Plainfield, Sullivan Co. Moved to Watertown...

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Aaron Johnson

22 June 1806–10 May 1877. Farmer, gunmaker. Born in Haddam, Middlesex Co., Connecticut. Son of Didymus Johnson and Ruhamah Stephens. Joined Methodist church, early 1820s. Married Polly Zeruah Kelsey, 13 Sept. 1827, in New Haven, New Haven Co., Connecticut...

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Newel Knight

13 Sept. 1800–11 Jan. 1847. Miller, merchant. Born at Marlborough, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of Joseph Knight Sr. and Polly Peck. Moved to Jericho (later Bainbridge), Chenango Co., New York, ca. 1809. Moved to Windsor (later in Colesville), Broome Co., New...

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Henry G. Sherwood

20 Apr. 1785–24 Nov. 1867. Surveyor. Born at Kingsbury, Washington Co., New York. Son of Newcomb Sherwood and a woman whose maiden name was Tolman (first name unidentified). Married first Jane J. McManagal (McMangle) of Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland, ca. 1824...

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Leonard Soby

Ca. 1810–14 Dec. 1892. Tobacco merchant. Born in Pennsylvania. Son of David Soby. Married Helen. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, by 1840. Moved to Nauvoo, Hancock Co., Illinois, by June 1840. Received elder’s license, 6 Dec. 1840...

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Lewis Dunbar Wilson

2 June 1805–11 Mar. 1856. Born in Milton, Chittenden Co., Vermont. Son of Bradley Wilson and Mary (Polly) Gill. Married Nancy Ann Waggner, by ca. 1830. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 23 May 1836. Ordained an elder, Sept. 1836. ...

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Bishops
In 1839, a general conference of the church designated three men—
Newel K. Whitney

3/5 Feb. 1795–23 Sept. 1850. Trader, merchant. Born at Marlborough, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of Samuel Whitney and Susanna Kimball. Moved to Fairfield, Herkimer Co., New York, 1803. Merchant at Plattsburg, Clinton Co., New York, 1814. Mercantile clerk for...

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,
Edward Partridge

27 Aug. 1793–27 May 1840. Hatter. Born at Pittsfield, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of William Partridge and Jemima Bidwell. Moved to Painesville, Geauga Co., Ohio. Married Lydia Clisbee, 22 Aug. 1819, at Painesville. Initially a Universal Restorationist...

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, and
Vinson Knight

14 Mar. 1804–31 July 1842. Farmer, druggist, school warden. Born at Norwich, Hampshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of Rudolphus Knight and Rispah (Rizpah) Lee. Married Martha McBride, July 1826. Moved to Perrysburg, Cattaraugus Co., New York, by 1830. Owned farm...

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—as
bishops

An ecclesiastical and priesthood office. JS appointed Edward Partridge as the first bishop in February 1831. Following this appointment, Partridge functioned as the local leader of the church in Missouri. Later revelations described a bishop’s duties as receiving...

View Glossary
, assigning each to be responsible for a specific ecclesiastical jurisdiction, or ward, in
Commerce

Located near middle of western boundary of state, bordering Mississippi River. European Americans settled area, 1820s. From bank of river, several feet above high-water mark, ground described as nearly level for six or seven blocks before gradually sloping...

More Info
(later
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
), Illinois.
8

Minutes and Discourses, 5–7 Oct. 1839; see also Minutes, 6 May 1839.


Partridge died in May 1840, and in January 1841
George Miller

25 Nov. 1794–after July 1856. Carpenter, mill operator, lumber dealer, steamboat owner. Born near Stanardsville, Orange Co., Virginia. Son of John Miller and Margaret Pfeiffer. Moved to Augusta Co., Virginia, 1798; to Madison Co., Kentucky, 1806; to Boone...

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replaced him as bishop.
9

Obituary for Edward Partridge, Times and Seasons, June 1840, 1:127–128; Revelation, 19 Jan. 1841 [D&C 124:21].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

During the next month, JS appointed
Isaac Higbee

23 Dec. 1797–16 Feb. 1874. Farmer, merchant, judge. Born in Galloway, Gloucester Co., New Jersey. Son of Isaac Higbee and Sophia Somers. Moved to Clermont Co., Ohio, ca. 1802. Married Keziah String, 11 Feb. 1819, in Clermont Co. Moved to Cincinnati, by 1830...

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as bishop of an unspecified ward.
10

Isaac Higbee, Autobiographical Sketch, 24 May 1864, Obituary Notices and Biographies, CHL. Though Higbee’s reminiscent autobiographical sketch indicated that he had been appointed bishop of the Second Ward in February 1841, the city was not reorganized into ten ecclesiastical wards until August 1842. Minutes from the 29 October 1842 Nauvoo high council meeting note that Higbee was bishop of the First, Second, and Third Wards at that time. (Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 20 Aug. and 29 Oct. 1842.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Obituary Notices and Biographies, 1854–1877. CHL. MS 4760.

Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 1839–1845. CHL. LR 3102 22.

On 20 August 1842, the Nauvoo high council appointed
Samuel Smith

13 Mar. 1808–30 July 1844. Farmer, logger, scribe, builder, tavern operator. Born at Tunbridge, Orange Co., Vermont. Son of Joseph Smith Sr. and Lucy Mack. Moved to Royalton, Windsor Co., Vermont, by Mar. 1810; to Lebanon, Grafton Co., New Hampshire, 1811...

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as bishop of the third ward to replace Vinson Knight, who had died weeks before.
11

Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 20 Aug. 1842; “Died,” Times and Seasons, 15 Aug. 1842, 3:894.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 1839–1845. CHL. LR 3102 22.

This suggests that the original upper, middle, and lower wards may have become known as the first, second, and third wards, respectively. At the same meeting, the high council divided Nauvoo into ten ecclesiastical wards and the immediate surrounding area into three districts (one of which was also called a ward). Furthermore, they appointed nine new bishops, in addition to Samuel Smith, and assigned them to specific wards.
12

Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 20 Aug. 1842.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 1839–1845. CHL. LR 3102 22.

Seven of the newly appointed bishops, listed below, were ordained the following day.
13

Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 21 Aug. 1842.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 1839–1845. CHL. LR 3102 22.

Although Samuel Smith,
Daniel Carn

13 Dec. 1802–20 Apr. 1872. Farmer, carpenter, policeman, prison administrator. Born in St. Clair, Bedford Co., Pennsylvania. Son of John Carn (Garn) and Susanna Pringle. Married Margaret Moses, 2 Dec. 1824, in St. Clair. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ...

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, and
William Spencer

29 Mar. 1808–11 Oct. 1892. Farmer. Born in New York. Son of Isaac Spencer and Anna. Moved to Tompkins, Delaware Co., New York, by 1830. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and served mission in eastern U.S., by 1835. Moved to Kirtland...

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were appointed, it is unclear whether they were ordained. Extant records do not indicate whether or when the high council called bishops for the remaining wards.
1 May–21 August 1842 21–31 August 1842
George Miller

25 Nov. 1794–after July 1856. Carpenter, mill operator, lumber dealer, steamboat owner. Born near Stanardsville, Orange Co., Virginia. Son of John Miller and Margaret Pfeiffer. Moved to Augusta Co., Virginia, 1798; to Madison Co., Kentucky, 1806; to Boone...

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(Upper Ward)
George Miller

25 Nov. 1794–after July 1856. Carpenter, mill operator, lumber dealer, steamboat owner. Born near Stanardsville, Orange Co., Virginia. Son of John Miller and Margaret Pfeiffer. Moved to Augusta Co., Virginia, 1798; to Madison Co., Kentucky, 1806; to Boone...

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(First Ward?)
Newel K. Whitney

3/5 Feb. 1795–23 Sept. 1850. Trader, merchant. Born at Marlborough, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of Samuel Whitney and Susanna Kimball. Moved to Fairfield, Herkimer Co., New York, 1803. Merchant at Plattsburg, Clinton Co., New York, 1814. Mercantile clerk for...

View Full Bio
(Middle Ward)
Newel K. Whitney

3/5 Feb. 1795–23 Sept. 1850. Trader, merchant. Born at Marlborough, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of Samuel Whitney and Susanna Kimball. Moved to Fairfield, Herkimer Co., New York, 1803. Merchant at Plattsburg, Clinton Co., New York, 1814. Mercantile clerk for...

View Full Bio
(Second Ward?)
Vinson Knight

14 Mar. 1804–31 July 1842. Farmer, druggist, school warden. Born at Norwich, Hampshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of Rudolphus Knight and Rispah (Rizpah) Lee. Married Martha McBride, July 1826. Moved to Perrysburg, Cattaraugus Co., New York, by 1830. Owned farm...

View Full Bio
(Lower Ward)
Isaac Higbee

23 Dec. 1797–16 Feb. 1874. Farmer, merchant, judge. Born in Galloway, Gloucester Co., New Jersey. Son of Isaac Higbee and Sophia Somers. Moved to Clermont Co., Ohio, ca. 1802. Married Keziah String, 11 Feb. 1819, in Clermont Co. Moved to Cincinnati, by 1830...

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(unspecified ward)
Isaac Higbee

23 Dec. 1797–16 Feb. 1874. Farmer, merchant, judge. Born in Galloway, Gloucester Co., New Jersey. Son of Isaac Higbee and Sophia Somers. Moved to Clermont Co., Ohio, ca. 1802. Married Keziah String, 11 Feb. 1819, in Clermont Co. Moved to Cincinnati, by 1830...

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(unspecified ward)
Tarlton Lewis

18 May 1805–22 Nov. 1890. Farmer, carpenter, colonizer. Born in Pendleton, Pendleton Co., South Carolina. Son of Neriah Lewis and Mary Morse. Moved to Kentucky, 1809. Married Malinda Gimlin, 27 Mar. 1828, likely in Simpson Co., Kentucky. Moved to Macoupin...

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(Fourth Ward)
John Murdock

15 July 1792–23 Dec. 1871. Farmer. Born at Kortright, Delaware Co., New York. Son of John Murdock Sr. and Eleanor Riggs. Joined Lutheran Dutch Church, ca. 1817, then Presbyterian Seceder Church shortly after. Moved to Orange, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, ca. 1819....

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(Fifth Ward)
Jacob Foutz

20 Nov. 1800–14 Feb. 1848. Bricklayer. Born in Franklin Co., Pennsylvania. Son of John Foutz and Elizabeth Hinkle. Married Margaret Mann, 22 July 1822. Moved to Richland Co., Ohio, late 1820s. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1834...

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(Eighth Ward)
Jonathan H. Hale

1 Feb. 1800–4 Sept. 1846. Butcher, school director, assessor. Born in Bradford, Essex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Soloman Hale and Martha Harriman. Married Olive Boynton, 5 Sept. 1825, in Bradford. Moved to Dover, Strafford Co., New Hampshire, between June...

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(Ninth Ward)
Hezekiah Peck

19 Jan. 1782–25 Aug. 1850. Millwright. Born at Guilford, Cumberland Co., New York (later in Windham Co., Vermont). Son of Joseph Peck and Elizabeth Read. Moved to Jericho (later Bainbridge), Chenango Co., New York, by 1812. Married Martha Long, by 1812. Baptized...

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(Tenth Ward)
David Evans (Eleventh Ward)
Israel Calkins

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(southeast district)
  1. 1

    Minutes and Discourses, 5–7 Oct. 1839; see also Minutes, 6 May 1839.

  2. 2

    Revelation, 19 Jan. 1841 [D&C 124:2].

  3. 3

    Minutes and Discourses, 5–7 Oct. 1839; see also Minutes, 6 May 1839.

  4. 4

    Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 30 Mar. 1841.

    Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 1839–1845. CHL. LR 3102 22.

  5. 5

    Minutes and Discourses, 5–7 Oct. 1839.

  6. 6

    Nauvoo High Council, Minutes, 20 May 1842.

    Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 1839–1845. CHL. LR 3102 22.

  7. 7

    See, for example, the pro tempore appointments of Elias Higbee and John P. Greene to the Nauvoo high council in Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 25 July 1840.

    Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 1839–1845. CHL. LR 3102 22.

  8. 8

    Minutes and Discourses, 5–7 Oct. 1839; see also Minutes, 6 May 1839.

  9. 9

    Obituary for Edward Partridge, Times and Seasons, June 1840, 1:127–128; Revelation, 19 Jan. 1841 [D&C 124:21].

    Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

  10. 10

    Isaac Higbee, Autobiographical Sketch, 24 May 1864, Obituary Notices and Biographies, CHL. Though Higbee’s reminiscent autobiographical sketch indicated that he had been appointed bishop of the Second Ward in February 1841, the city was not reorganized into ten ecclesiastical wards until August 1842. Minutes from the 29 October 1842 Nauvoo high council meeting note that Higbee was bishop of the First, Second, and Third Wards at that time. (Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 20 Aug. and 29 Oct. 1842.)

    Obituary Notices and Biographies, 1854–1877. CHL. MS 4760.

    Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 1839–1845. CHL. LR 3102 22.

  11. 11

    Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 20 Aug. 1842; “Died,” Times and Seasons, 15 Aug. 1842, 3:894.

    Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 1839–1845. CHL. LR 3102 22.

  12. 12

    Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 20 Aug. 1842.

    Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 1839–1845. CHL. LR 3102 22.

  13. 13

    Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 21 Aug. 1842.

    Nauvoo High Council Minutes, 1839–1845. CHL. LR 3102 22.

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