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  2. General Church Officers, October 1835–January 1838

General Church Officers, October 1835–January 1838

The following charts list the general leadership of the Church of the Latter Day Saints between October 1835 and January 1838. Many of the charts reflect important changes to these organizations during this period.
 
Church Presidency
The general church presidency, or presidency of the high priesthood, was the presiding body of the church. JS was ordained president of the high priesthood on 25 January 1832; six weeks later, and were selected and ordained “councillers of the ministry of the presidency of th[e] high Pristhood.” Following Gause’s excommunication in December 1832, was appointed to replace him. In an 18 March 1833 meeting, JS ordained Rigdon and Williams as “equal with him in holding the Keys of the Kingdom and also to the Presidency of the high Priest hood.” On 5 and 6 December 1834, , , and were ordained as assistant presidents in the presidency of the high priesthood.
JS, , , , , and constituted the presidency of the high priesthood during the majority of the period from October 1835 to January 1838. Even though was ordained as the ranking assistant president to JS in December 1834, JS, Rigdon, and Williams were considered first presidents, constituting the First Presidency.
In a 7 November 1837 general assembly meeting held in , Missouri, JS nominated to continue as his counselor in the First Presidency, but the nomination was objected to by four men, including of the . After some discussion, nominated to take Williams’s place in the First Presidency, and those gathered at the meeting unanimously approved the nomination. The assistant counselors, who had been approved at a 3 September 1837 reorganization conference in , Ohio, were not presented at this Far West meeting but retained their positions.
6 December 1834 16 January 1836 3 September 1837 7 November 1837
President President First Presidency First Presidency
Joseph Smith Jr. Joseph Smith Jr. Joseph Smith Jr. Joseph Smith Jr.
Assistant Presidents Assistant Presidents
Assistant Counselors Assistant Counselors
 
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
The Quorum of the Twelve Apostles was organized on 14 February 1835. JS initially referred to the quorum as a “travelling high council” with responsibility to “preside over all the churches of the saints . . . where there is no presidency established.” In a 16 January 1836 meeting, JS explained to quorum members that their authority in the church was “next to” the church presidency. The composition of the quorum remained the same until the end of December 1837, when and were excommunicated from the church. and were appointed to replace them shortly thereafter, though they were not officially ordained to the Quorum of the Twelve until December 1838. Quorum members are listed in order of seniority. For original quorum members, seniority was determined based on age; thereafter, new members were ordered based on ordination date. was actually a year older than , but Patten died in 1838 before the error was corrected.
14 February 1835 31 January 1838
 
Patriarch
was ordained patriarch in December 1834 and began giving patriarchal blessings to members of the church that month.
December 1834
 
Presidents of the Seventy
In late February and early March 1835, JS and other church leaders appointed a number of men to serve as “seventies.” JS’s spring 1835 “Instruction on Priesthood” indicated, “The seventy are to act in the name of the Lord, under the direction of the twelve . . . in building up the church and regulating all the affairs of the same, in all nations”; the instruction also specified that the Quorum of the Seventy was “called to preach the gospel, and to be especial witnesses unto the Gentiles and in all the world.”
Unlike other ecclesiastical organizations presided over by a president and two counselors, the Quorum of the Seventy was led by seven presidents. It appears that the first seven presidents were appointed between 28 February and 1 March 1835. In April 1837, JS determined that the practice of appointing as leaders of the Seventy was “wrong, and not according to the order of heaven.” Six of the seven presidents were asked to join the high priests quorum, and new presidents were appointed in their stead on 6 April 1837. One of the six removed, , was in at the time, and when he returned to , he informed church leaders that he had not in fact been a high priest and should not have been removed. As a result, was asked to join the high priests quorum and Levi Hancock was reinstated to his former position on 3 September 1837. On 13 January 1838, was excommunicated, along with several other members of the Quorum of the Seventy, for “rising up in rebellion against the church.” Gaylord was removed as a president of the Seventy on 6 February 1838 and replaced by .
28 February–1 March 1835 6 April 1837 3 September 1837 6 February 1838
 
First Quorum of the Seventy
Between 28 February and 1 March 1835, JS and other church leaders appointed forty-four men to serve in the Quorum of the Seventy and designated seven of them as presidents of the quorum; the rest of the quorum was appointed during the next year. The first comprehensive list of quorum members appeared in a broadside published circa April 1836. All of the men appointed to the quorum had participated in the 1834 expedition. During summer and fall 1835, many of the Seventy left to preach in surrounding states. Though the composition of the quorum remained largely the same from early 1835 to early 1838, four members were moved to the and replaced in April 1837, and in 1837 and 1838, seven men were removed for apostasy and for “rising up in rebellion.” On 6 February 1838, the presidents of the Seventy appointed new members of the First and Second Quorums of the Seventy to replace those who had been excommunicated.
The charts for the various Quorums of the Seventy list the members in alphabetical order, except that new members are listed in the place of the men they succeeded.
By circa April 1836 6 February 1838
Henry Beaman Henry Beaman
Libbeus Coons Libbeus Coons
David Evans Sherman Gilbert
Levi Gifford Levi Gifford
True Gliddon True Gliddon
Michael Griffith Michael Griffith
Levi Nickerson
Jesse Huntsman
Elias Hutchings Elias Hutchings
Charles Kelly Charles Kelly
Elias Wells
Justus Morse
Darwin Richardson Darwin Richardson
James Thompson
Henry Shibley Henry Shibley
William Carpenter
Daniel Stevens Daniel Stevens
Hiram Stratton
 
Second Quorum of the Seventy
Shortly after calling the and designating men as seventies in February and March 1835, JS told a grand council of church officers, “If the first Seventy are all occupied, and there is a call for more laborers it will be the duty of the seven presidents of the first seventy to call and ordain other Seventy and send them forth to labor, in the vineyard until if need be they set a part apart seven times Seventy.” At least one individual, Sherman Gilbert, was told in an August 1835 blessing that he would be “numbered with the 2d 70,” but the Second Quorum of the Seventy was not officially organized until early February 1836. Its seventy members were selected primarily from the newly organized . The quorum remained relatively stable through early 1838, with nearly three-quarters of quorum members remaining the same. Four quorum members—, , , and —were selected as presidents of the Seventy on 6 April 1837. was appointed to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in late December 1837. Also in late December 1837 or early January 1838, five men were removed for “rising up in rebellion,” and seven members were moved to the First Quorum of the Seventy to replace those men who had moved to the high priests quorum or the presidency of the Seventy or who had been excommunicated. On 6 February 1838, the presidents of the Seventy appointed new members of the First and Second Quorums of the Seventy to replace those who had been removed.
8–11 February 1836 6 February 1838
Frederick Vanleuven
William Carpenter Lorenzo Wells
Giles Cook Alanson Pettingall
Robert Culvertson Robert Culvertson
Stephen Shumway
James Dayley James Dayley
Daniel Bowen
Garland Meeks
Benjamin Sweat
Sherman Gilbert
Benjamin Webber
Joshua Grant Joshua Grant
John Herritt John Herritt
Edmund Marvin Edmund Marvin
Joel McWithy Joel McWithy
Dana Jacobs
Levi Nickerson Otis Shumway
Ebenezer Page Ebenezer Page
Samuel Phelps Samuel Phelps
William Redfield William Redfield
Elijah Reed Elijah Reed
Almon Sherman Almon Sherman
Stephen Starks Stephen Starks
Arial Stephens Arial Stephens
William Terney William Terney
Charles Thompson Charles Thompson
Chauncey Webb Chauncey Webb
Edmund Webb Edmund Webb
Levi Woodruff Levi Woodruff
 
Third Quorum of the Seventy
The first twenty-seven members of the Third Quorum of the Seventy were ordained on 20 December 1836; other members were ordained over the succeeding months. By 3 May 1837, approximately forty-nine men had been ordained to the quorum. Two members of the quorum, and , were ordained to the presidency of the Seventy on 6 April 1837. Nine others were moved to the First or Second Quorums of the Seventy in 1837 or early 1838 to replace those men who had moved to other quorums or been excommunicated. Their replacements were not specified by February 1838 in extant records.
The table below lists known members of the Third Quorum of the Seventy during the period covered in this volume. Blank spaces in the second column reflect apparent vacancies in the quorum.
By 3 May 1837 6 February 1838
Blake Baldwin Blake Baldwin
Daniel Bowen
Willard Fisher Willard Fisher
Benjamin Gifford Benjamin Gifford
John Goodson John Goodson
Joel Haskins Joel Haskins
James Holman James Holman
Daniel Jackson Daniel Jackson
Dana Jacobs
Elam Meacham Elam Meacham
Garland Meeks
John Olney John Olney
Amos Orton
Alanson Pettingall
William Presley William Presley
Enoch Sanborn Enoch Sanborn
Otis Shumway
Stephen Shumway
Abraham O. Smoot Abraham O. Smoot
James Snow James Snow
Benjamin Sweat
James Thompson
Frederick Vanleuven
Lorenzo Wells
Charles Wightman Charles Wightman
Levi Wilder Levi Wilder
Abraham Wood Abraham Wood
 
Other Seventies (Quorum Unknown)
Church records document several other individuals who were appointed as seventies, but those records do not indicate the quorum to which they were assigned. Below is a list of those individuals, ordered by date of ordination.
March 1835–February 1838
Joseph Winchester
George Rose
David Nobleman
Jeremiah Willey
Henry Stevens
Dominicus Carter
Samuel Parker
Amos Jackson
Lewis Eager
Russell Potter
David Dixon
Benjamin Ellsworth
Cheney Van Buren
  1. 1

    Minutes, 26–27 Apr. 1832; “History of Orson Pratt,” 11, Historian’s Office, Histories of the Twelve, 1856–1858, 1861, CHL; Note, 8 Mar. 1832.

    Historian’s Office. Histories of the Twelve, 1856–1858, 1861. CHL. CR 100 93.

  2. 2

    JS, Journal, 3 Dec. 1832; Revelation, 5 Jan. 1833. Williams was not officially ordained a counselor until 18 March 1833. (Minutes, 18 Mar. 1833.)

  3. 3

    Minutes, 18 Mar. 1833.

  4. 4

    JS, Journal, 5 Dec. 1834; JS History, 1834–1836, 17–20. Cowdery’s position or stature in the presidency during this period is not clear. When writing the account of his 5 December ordination to the presidency in JS’s 1834–1836 history, Cowdery indicated that the men had assembled “for the purpose of ordaining first High Counsellor Cowdery to the office of assistant President of the High and Holy Priesthood.” He then explained, “The office of Assistant President is to assist in presiding over the whole chu[r]ch, and to officiate in the absence of the President, according to his rank and appointment, viz: President Cowdery, first; President Rigdon Second, and President Williams Third, as they were severally called.” This account of his ordination suggests that he was second to JS in the presidency. On the title page of the 1835 Doctrine and Covenants, JS, Cowdery, Rigdon, and Williams are referred to as the “Presiding Elders of said Church.” Other sources, such as the 16 January 1836 minutes recorded in JS’s 1835–1836 journal, seem to indicate that though he was a member of the church presidency, he was not considered part of the three-person First Presidency. (JS History, 1834–1836, 17; Doctrine and Covenants, 1835 ed., title page; JS, Journal, 16 Jan. 1836.)

  5. 5

    While speaking to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles on 16 January 1836, for example, JS specified that the quorum was “not subject to any other than the first presidency; viz. myself S. Rigdon and F.G. Williams.” Likewise, during a 3 September 1837 conference held in the House of the Lord, JS, Rigdon, and Williams were sustained as “the three first presidents of the church,” and Cowdery, Joseph Smith Sr., Hyrum Smith, and John Smith were named “assistant councillors.” The minutes of the same meeting referred to these seven men collectively as “the heads of the Church.” (JS, Journal, 16 Jan. 1836; Minutes, 3 Sept. 1837.)

  6. 6

    Minutes, 7 Nov. 1837.

  7. 7

    Williams was likely excommunicated sometime before late June 1838, at which point he was rebaptized. (Edward Partridge, Far West, MO, to Newel K. Whitney, Kirtland, OH, 24 July 1838, in Reynolds Cahoon, Far West, MO, to Newel K. Whitney, Kirtland, OH, 23 July 1838, CHL; JS, Journal, 8 July and 5 Aug. 1838.)

    Partridge, Edward. Letter, Far West, MO, to Newel K. Whitney, Kirtland, OH, 24 July 1838. In Reynolds Cahoon, Letter, Far West, MO, to Newel K. Whitney, Kirtland, OH, 23 July 1838. CHL. MS 27157.

  8. 8

    Minutes and Discourse, 27 Feb. 1835; Minutes and Discourse, 2 May 1835.

  9. 9

    Minutes, 16 Jan. 1836.

  10. 10

    John Smith, Kirtland, OH, to George A. Smith, Shinnston, VA, 1 Jan. 1838, George Albert Smith, Papers, CHL; Hepzibah Richards, Kirtland, OH, to Willard Richards, Bedford, England, 18–19 Jan. 1838, Willard Richards, Papers, CHL; Phebe Carter Woodruff, Vinalhaven, ME, to Wilford Woodruff, Castine, ME, 1 Mar. 1838, Wilford Woodruff Collection, CHL; Record of Seventies, bk. A, 40–41; JS, Journal, 8 July 1838; Minute Book 2, 19 Dec. 1838. William E. McLellin and Lyman Johnson had both withdrawn or been excommunicated by mid-May 1838. JS dictated a revelation on 8 July 1838 appointing John E. Page, Wilford Woodruff, John Taylor, and Willard Richards to replace those who were excommunicated, though none of them were ordained before December 1837. (JS, Journal, 11 May 1838; Minute Book 2, 13 Apr. 1838; Revelation, 8 July 1838–A [D&C 118].)

    Smith, George Albert. Papers, 1834–1877. CHL. MS 1322.

    Richards, Willard. Journals and Papers, 1821–1854. CHL. MS 1490.

    Woodruff, Wilford. Collection, 1831–1905. CHL. MS 19509.

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  11. 11

    Minutes, Discourse, and Blessings, 14–15 Feb. 1835; Minutes and Discourse, 2 May 1835. Although it was believed at the time that Thomas B. Marsh’s birthday was 1 November 1799, making him older than David W. Patten, who was born 17 November 1799, Marsh was actually born on 1 November 1800, making him younger than Patten. This discovery was apparently not made before Patten’s death in October 1838. (Whiting, David W. Patten, 1; Vital Records of Acton, Massachusetts, 81; Anderson, “Thomas B. Marsh,” 129, 145.)

    Whiting, Linda Shelley. David W. Patten: Apostle and Martyr. Springville, UT: Cedar Fort, 2003.

    Vital Records of Acton, Massachusetts, to the Year 1850. Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1923.

    Anderson, A. Gary. “Thomas B. Marsh: The Preparation and Conversion of the Emerging Apostle.” In Regional Studies in Latter-day Saint Church History: New York, edited by Larry C. Porter, Milton V. Backman Jr., and Susan Easton Black, 129–148. Provo, UT: Department of Church History and Doctrine, Brigham Young University, 1992.

  12. 12

    Account of Meetings, Revelation, and Blessing, 5–6 Dec. 1834; Patriarchal Blessings, 1:9; Historical Introduction to Blessing from Joseph Smith Sr., 9 Dec. 1834.

    Patriarchal Blessings, 1833–. CHL. CR 500 2.

  13. 13

    Minutes and Blessings, 28 Feb.–1 Mar. 1835; Minutes, Discourse, and Blessings, 1 Mar. 1835.

  14. 14

    Instruction on Priesthood, between ca. 1 Mar. and ca. 4 May 1835.

  15. 15

    Young, History of the Organization of the Seventies, 4–5; Minutes and Blessings, 28 Feb.–1 Mar. 1835; Minutes, Discourse, and Blessings, 1 Mar. 1835; Coltrin, Autobiographical Sketch, [2]. All seven men are referred to as “presidents” in the minutes of a 2 May 1835 grand council meeting. (Minutes and Discourse, 2 May 1835.)

    Young, Joseph, Sr. History of the Organization of the Seventies: Names of First and Second Quorums. Items in Relation to the First Presidency of the Seventies. Also, a Brief Glance at Enoch and His City. Embellished with a Likeness of Joseph Smith, the Prophet, and a View of the Kirtland Temple. Salt Lake City: Deseret News Steam Printing Establishment, 1878.

    Coltrin, Zebedee. Autobiographical Sketch, 1880. Typescript. CHL. MS 2793.

  16. 16

    Record of Seventies, bk. A, 18–19, 23; Woodruff, Journal, 6 Apr. 1837; “Anniversary of the Church of Latter Day Saints,” LDS Messenger and Advocate, Apr. 1837, 3:486–487; Minutes, 3 Sept. 1837. Another of the six presidents who were removed, Lyman Sherman, was also determined to be a high priest at the time, but minutes from a meeting later that year record that he was ordained a high priest in October 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 18; Minute Book 1, 2 Oct. 1837.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

    Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

    Latter Day Saints’ Messenger and Advocate. Kirtland, OH. Oct. 1834–Sept. 1837.

  17. 17

    Record of Seventies, bk. A, 39, 40; Phebe Carter Woodruff, Vinalhaven, ME, to Wilford Woodruff, Castine, ME, 1 Mar. 1838, Wilford Woodruff Collection, CHL.

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

    Woodruff, Wilford. Collection, 1831–1905. CHL. MS 19509.

  18. 18

    Record of Seventies, bk. A, 41.

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  19. 19

    Historical Introduction to Minutes and Blessings, 28 Feb.–1 Mar. 1835; Minutes, Discourse, and Blessings, 1 Mar. 1835; Minutes and Discourses, 7–8 Mar. 1835.

  20. 20

    The Twelve Apostles (Kirtland, OH: ca. Apr. 1836), copy at CHL.

    The Twelve Apostles. [Kirtland, OH: ca. Apr. 1836]. Copy at CHL.

  21. 21

    Minutes, Discourse, and Blessings, 14–15 Feb. 1835; Evan M. Greene, Notes, 1835, CHL; Bradley, Zion’s Camp 1834, 269–275.

    Greene, Evan Melbourne. Diaries, 1833–1852. CHL. MS 1442.

    Bradley, James L. Zion’s Camp 1834: Prelude to the Civil War. Logan, UT: By the author, 1990.

  22. 22

    Sylvester Smith, Editorial, LDS Messenger and Advocate, Jan. 1836, 2:253.

    Latter Day Saints’ Messenger and Advocate. Kirtland, OH. Oct. 1834–Sept. 1837.

  23. 23

    Those men who moved to the high priests quorum included David Evans, Amasa Lyman, Cyrus Smalling, and Zerubbabel Snow; those removed from the quorum for rebellion in late 1837 or early 1838 included Roger Orton, Warren Parrish, Harpin Riggs, Hirum Stratton, and Harvey Stanley. Jesse Harmon and Wilkins Jenkins Salisbury were replaced in the quorum after they apostatized in January and April 1837, respectively. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 13, 19, 20, 39.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  24. 24

    Record of Seventies, bk. A, 41.

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  25. 25

    Sometimes spelled “Hyrum.” (See Andrus, Autobiography, 32.)

    Andrus, Milo. Autobiography, 1875. Private possession. Photocopy at CHL. MS 6533.

  26. 26

    Written as “Henry Brown” in the circa 1836 broadside. (The Twelve Apostles [Kirtland, OH: ca. Apr. 1836], copy at CHL.)

    The Twelve Apostles. [Kirtland, OH: ca. Apr. 1836]. Copy at CHL.

  27. 27

    Removed from the Seventy on 6 April 1837 to join the high priests quorum. Replaced by Sherman Gilbert on 9 April 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 19–20.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  28. 28

    “Apostatized” before 3 January 1837, when he was replaced by Milton Holmes. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 13.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  29. 29

    Moved to the presidency of the Seventy and replaced by Levi Nickerson on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  30. 30

    Died sometime before 3 January 1837, when he was replaced by Wilford Woodruff. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 13.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  31. 31

    Removed from the Seventy on 6 April 1837 to join the high priests quorum. Replaced by Elias Wells on 9 April 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 19–20.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  32. 32

    Excommunicated before 7 January 1838 for “rising up in rebellion.” Replaced by Harrison Sagers on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 39, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  33. 33

    Excommunicated before 7 January 1838 for “rising up in rebellion.” Replaced by Justus Morse on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 39, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  34. 34

    Excommunicated before 7 January 1838 for “rising up in rebellion.” Replaced by James Thompson on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 39, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  35. 35

    Apostatized sometime before 9 April 1837, when he was replaced by Reuben McBride. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 20.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  36. 36

    Removed from the Seventy on 6 April 1837 to join the high priests quorum. Replaced by William Carpenter on 9 April 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 19–20.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  37. 37

    Removed from the Seventy on 6 April 1837 to join the high priests quorum. Replaced by Solon Foster on 9 April 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 19–20.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  38. 38

    Excommunicated before 7 January 1838; replaced by Benjamin Winchester on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 39, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  39. 39

    Excommunicated before 7 January 1838 for “rising up in rebellion against the church.” Replaced by Elijah Fordham on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 39, 41; Minutes, Discourse, and Blessings, 1 Mar. 1835.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  40. 40

    Or “Whitesides.” (See, for example, Account with the Church of Christ, ca. 11–29 Aug. 1834.)

  41. 41

    Minutes and Discourse, 2 May 1835.

  42. 42

    Minutes, 17 Aug. 1835.

  43. 43

    On 3 February, Alvah Beman, president of the elders quorum, “handed in the names of seventy of his quorem— designed for another seventy if God will.” On 4 February, the names of seventy elders were presented to the presidents of the Seventy and accepted. The church presidency met for approval of the elders’ ordinations to the Seventy on 7 February. On 8 and 11 February, “the presidents of the seventy called those by name chosen for the second seventy.” (JS, Journal, 3 and 7 Feb. 1836; Post, Journal, 1 and 4 Feb. 1836; Cowdery, Diary, 7 Feb. 1836; Kirtland Elders Quorum, “Record,” 8 and 11 Feb. 1836; Record of Seventies, bk. A, 6–9; The Twelve Apostles [Kirtland, OH: ca. Apr. 1836], copy at CHL.)

    Post, Stephen. Journals, 1835–1879. Stephen Post, Papers, 1835–1921. CHL. MS 1304, box 6.

    Cowdery, Oliver. Diary, Jan.–Mar. 1836. CHL. MS 3429. Also available as Leonard J. Arrington, “Oliver Cowdery’s Kirtland, Ohio, ‘Sketch Book,’” BYU Studies 12 (Summer 1972): 410–426.

    Kirtland Elders Quorum. “A Record of the First Quorurum of Elders Belonging to the Church of Christ: In Kirtland Geauga Co. Ohio,” 1836–1838, 1840–1841. CCLA.

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

    The Twelve Apostles. [Kirtland, OH: ca. Apr. 1836]. Copy at CHL.

  44. 44

    Record of Seventies, bk. A, 18–19; Discourse, 6 Apr. 1837.

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  45. 45

    John Smith, Kirtland, OH, to George A. Smith, Shinnston, VA, 1 Jan. 1838, George Albert Smith, Papers, CHL.

    Smith, George Albert. Papers, 1834–1877. CHL. MS 1322.

  46. 46

    Those removed for rebellion included Isaac Bishop, Giles Cook, Marvel Davis, Thomas Gates, and Nathaniel Milliken; an additional member, Andrew Squires, had left the church sometime before 9 April 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 21, 39, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  47. 47

    Those moved to the First Quorum of the Seventy included Sherman Gilbert, William Carpenter, Solon Foster, Levi Nickerson, Milton Holmes, Reuben McBride, and Elijah Fordham. Wilford Woodruff had been appointed to the First Quorum of the Seventy in January 1837 to replace Jesse Huntsman, who had died. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 13, 20, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  48. 48

    Record of Seventies, bk. A, 41.

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  49. 49

    Excommunicated before 6 February 1838, when he was replaced by Frederick Vanleuven. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  50. 50

    Replaced by David Clough on 9 April 1837 after being appointed as a president of the Seventy on 6 April 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 18, 20.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  51. 51

    Replaced by Lorenzo Wells on 9 April 1837 after moving to the First Quorum of the Seventy to replace Cyrus Smalling, who had been moved to the high priests quorum. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 20.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  52. 52

    Excommunicated before 7 January 1838 for “rising up in rebellion against the church.” Replaced by Alanson Pettingall on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 39, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  53. 53

    Excommunicated before 7 January 1838 for “rising up in rebellion against the church.” Replaced by Stephen Shumway on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 39, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  54. 54

    Spelled “Bailey” in circa 1836 broadside. (The Twelve Apostles [Kirtland, OH: ca. Apr. 1836], copy at CHL.)

    The Twelve Apostles. [Kirtland, OH: ca. Apr. 1836]. Copy at CHL.

  55. 55

    Replaced by Jonathan H. Hale on 6 February 1838 after moving to the First Quorum of the Seventy. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  56. 56

    Replaced by Gardner Snow on 9 April 1837 after being appointed as a president of the Seventy on 6 April 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 18–20.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  57. 57

    Replaced by Daniel Bowen on 9 April 1837 after moving to the First Quorum of the Seventy to replace Zerubbabel Snow, who had been moved to the high priests quorum. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 20–21.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  58. 58

    Excommunicated on 13 January 1838. Replaced by Garland Meeks on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 40–41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  59. 59

    Replaced by Benjamin Sweat on 9 April 1837 after being appointed as a president of the Seventy on 6 April 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 18–20.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  60. 60

    Replaced by Jonathan Dunham on 9 April 1837 after moving to the First Quorum of the Seventy to replace David Evans, who had been moved to the high priests quorum. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 20.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  61. 61

    Replaced by Benjamin Webber on 9 April 1837 after being appointed as a president of the Seventy on 6 April 1837. Later that summer, Gould was moved to the high priests quorum. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 18–20, 23; Minutes, 3 Sept. 1837.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  62. 62

    Replaced by Melvin Wilber on 9 April 1837 after moving to the First Quorum of the Seventy to replace Jesse Harmon, who had “apostatized,” on 3 January 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 13, 21.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  63. 63

    Replaced by Oliver Olney on 9 April 1837 after moving to the First Quorum of the Seventy to replace Wilkins Jenkins Salisbury, who had left the church. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 20.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  64. 64

    Excommunicated before 7 January 1838 for “rising up in rebellion against the church.” Replaced by Dana Jacobs on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 39, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  65. 65

    Replaced by Otis Shumway on 6 February 1838 after moving to the First Quorum of the Seventy. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  66. 66

    Appointed to the Quorum of the Twelve in late December 1838. Replaced by Duncan McArthur on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 40–41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  67. 67

    “Apostatized” sometime before 9 April 1837, when he was replaced by Elias Smith. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 21.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  68. 68

    Replaced by Sylvester Stoddard on 9 April 1837 after moving to the First Quorum of the Seventy to replace Jesse Huntsman, who had died, on 3 January 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 13, 21.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  69. 69

    Record of Seventies, bk. A, 9–16, 22.

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  70. 70

    The nine included Daniel Bowen, Jonathan Dunham, Garland Meeks, Alanson Pettingall, Benjamin Sweat, James Thompson, Lorenzo Wells, Melvin Wilber, and Benjamin Winchester.

  71. 71

    Replaced Solon Foster of the Second Quorum of the Seventy, who had been moved to the First Quorum of the Seventy, on 9 April 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 21.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  72. 72

    Replaced Josiah Butterfield in the Second Quorum of the Seventy, who moved to the presidency of the Seventy, on 9 April 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 20.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  73. 73

    Replaced Sherman Gilbert of the Second Quorum of the Seventy, who had been moved to the First Quorum of the Seventy, on 9 April 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 20.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  74. 74

    Appointed as a president of the Seventy on 6 April 1837 in place of Sylvester Smith; Henry Harriman later replaced Gaylord as a president on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 18–19, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  75. 75

    Replaced James Foster in the Second Quorum of the Seventy, who had been moved to the First Quorum of the Seventy, on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  76. 76

    Replaced Nathaniel Milliken in the Second Quorum of the Seventy, who had been excommunicated, on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 39, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  77. 77

    Replaced John E. Page in the Second Quorum of the Seventy, who had been appointed to the Quorum of the Twelve, on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  78. 78

    Replaced Thomas Gates in the Second Quorum of the Seventy, who was removed for rebellion, on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  79. 79

    Replaced Zebedee Coltrin as a president of the Seventy on 6 April 1837 after Coltrin was moved to the high priests quorum. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 18.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  80. 80

    Replaced Reuben McBride in the Second Quorum of the Seventy, who had been moved to the First Quorum of the Seventy, on 9 April 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 20.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  81. 81

    Excommunicated before 7 January 1838 for “rising up in rebellion.” (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 39.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  82. 82

    Replaced Giles Cook in the Second Quorum of the Seventy, who had been excommunicated, on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  83. 83

    Replaced Levi Nickerson in the Second Quorum of the Seventy, who had been moved to the First Quorum of the Seventy, on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  84. 84

    Replaced Marvel Davis in the Second Quorum of the Seventy, who had been excommunicated, on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 39, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  85. 85

    Replaced Andrew Squires in the Second Quorum of the Seventy, who had apostatized, on 9 April 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 21.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  86. 86

    Replaced James Foster in the Second Quorum of the Seventy, who had been moved to the presidency of the Seventy, on 9 April 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 20.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  87. 87

    Replaced Wilford Woodruff in the Second Quorum of the Seventy, who had been moved to the First Quorum of the Seventy, on 9 April 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 21.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  88. 88

    Replaced Salmon Gee in the Second Quorum of the Seventy, who had been appointed to the presidency of the Seventy, on 9 April 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 20.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  89. 89

    Replaced Harpin Riggs in the First Quorum of the Seventy, who was removed for rebellion, on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  90. 90

    Replaced Isaac Bishop in the Second Quorum of the Seventy, who had been excommunicated, on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 39, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  91. 91

    Replaced William Carpenter in the Second Quorum of the Seventy, who had been moved to the First Quorum of the Seventy, on 9 April 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 20.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  92. 92

    Replaced Milton Holmes in the Second Quorum of the Seventy, who had been moved to the First Quorum of the Seventy, on 9 April 1837. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 21.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  93. 93

    Replaced Harvey Stanley in the First Quorum of the Seventy, who had been excommunicated, on 6 February 1838. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  94. 94

    The Record of Seventies also notes that Rufus M. Lord and Reuben Barton were “ordained about the same time” as Joshua and James Holman but does not give a date. Though the office is not specified, the two were likely ordained seventies. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 22–23.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  95. 95

    According to Minute Book 1, Winchester was one of several who “belong to the Seventy” as of 8 March 1835; however, he does not appear in Book A of the Record of the Seventies or in the 1836 broadside. (Minutes and Discourses, 7–8 Mar. 1835.)

  96. 96

    Appointed as a seventy on 6 April 1837, but the record does not indicate which quorum. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 19.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  97. 97

    Appointed as a seventy on 6 April 1837, but record does not indicate which quorum. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 19.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  98. 98

    Appointed as a seventy on 30 July 1837, but record does not indicate which quorum. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 31.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  99. 99

    Appointed as a seventy on 20 August 1837, but record does not indicate which quorum. According to his reminiscent account, Willey was ordained by Joseph Young. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 33; Willey, Reminiscences, 13.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

    Willey, Jeremiah. Reminiscences, ca. 1837–1859. CHL. MS 1591.

  100. 100

    Ordained a seventy on 6 February 1838, but the record does not indicate which quorum. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  101. 101

    Ordained a seventy on 6 February 1838, but the record does not indicate which quorum. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  102. 102

    Ordained a seventy on 6 February 1838, but the record does not indicate which quorum. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  103. 103

    Ordained a seventy on 6 February 1838, but the record does not indicate which quorum. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  104. 104

    Ordained a seventy on 6 February 1838, but the record does not indicate which quorum. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  105. 105

    Ordained a seventy on 6 February 1838, but the record does not indicate which quorum. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 41.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  106. 106

    Ordained a seventy on 13 February 1838, but the record does not indicate which quorum. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 42.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  107. 107

    Ordained a seventy on 13 February 1838, but the record does not indicate which quorum. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 42.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

  108. 108

    Appointed as a seventy on 20 February 1838, but the record does not indicate which quorum. (Record of Seventies, bk. A, 43.)

    Record of Seventies / First Council of the Seventy. “Book of Records,” 1837–1843. Bk. A. In First Council of the Seventy, Records, 1837–1885. CHL. CR 3 51, box 1, fd. 1.

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