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  2. Documents, Volume 13, Part 4 Introduction: November 1843

Part 4: November 1843

Much of the documentary record for November revolves around JS’s political engagement. On 2 November, JS met with
Hyrum Smith

9 Feb. 1800–27 June 1844. Farmer, cooper. Born at Tunbridge, Orange Co., Vermont. Son of Joseph Smith Sr. and Lucy Mack. Moved to Randolph, Orange Co., 1802; back to Tunbridge, before May 1803; to Royalton, Windsor Co., Vermont, 1804; to Sharon, Windsor Co...

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,
Brigham Young

1 June 1801–29 Aug. 1877. Carpenter, painter, glazier, colonizer. Born at Whitingham, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of John Young and Abigail (Nabby) Howe. Brought up in Methodist household; later joined Methodist church. Moved to Sherburne, Chenango Co., New...

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,
Heber C. Kimball

14 June 1801–22 June 1868. Blacksmith, potter. Born at Sheldon, Franklin Co., Vermont. Son of Solomon Farnham Kimball and Anna Spaulding. Married Vilate Murray, 22 Nov. 1822, at Mendon, Monroe Co., New York. Member of Baptist church at Mendon, 1831. Baptized...

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,
John Taylor

1 Nov. 1808–25 July 1887. Preacher, editor, publisher, politician. Born at Milnthorpe, Westmoreland, England. Son of James Taylor and Agnes Taylor, members of Church of England. Around age sixteen, joined Methodist church and was local preacher. Migrated ...

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, and
William Clayton

17 July 1814–4 Dec. 1879. Bookkeeper, clerk. Born at Charnock Moss, Penwortham, Lancashire, England. Son of Thomas Clayton and Ann Critchley. Married Ruth Moon, 9 Oct. 1836, at Penwortham. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by Heber...

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, and the group agreed to write a letter to five potential candidates for the presidency of the
United States

North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...

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—
Henry Clay

12 Apr. 1777–29 June 1852. Lawyer, public speaker, professor, statesman, politician. Born in Hanover Co., Virginia. Son of John Clay and Elizabeth Hudson. Episcopalian. Admitted to Virginia bar, Nov. 1797. Moved to Lexington, Fayette Co., Kentucky, Nov. 1797...

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,
John C. Calhoun

18 Mar. 1782–31 Mar. 1850. Lawyer, politician. Born near Hutchinson’s Mill, Ninety-Sixth District (later Calhoun Mill, Mount Carmel, McCormick Co.), South Carolina. Son of Patrick Calhoun and Martha Caldwell. Graduated from Yale, 1804, in New Haven, New Haven...

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,
Lewis Cass

9 Oct. 1782–17 June 1866. Teacher, lawyer, soldier, author, politician. Born in Exeter, Rockingham Co., New Hampshire. Son of Jonathan Cass and Mary Gilman. Attended Phillips Academy, 1792–1799, in Exeter, where he also taught. Teacher in Wilmington, New ...

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, Richard M. Johnson, and
Martin Van Buren

5 Dec. 1782–24 July 1862. Lawyer, politician, diplomat, farmer. Born in Kinderhook, Columbia Co., New York. Son of Abraham Van Buren and Maria Hoes Van Alen. Member of Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. Worked as law clerk, 1800, in New York City. Returned...

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—“to enquire what their feelig [feelings] were or what their course would be towards the sai[n]ts if they were elected.”
1

JS, Journal, 2 Nov. 1843.


Two days later,
Willard Richards

24 June 1804–11 Mar. 1854. Teacher, lecturer, doctor, clerk, printer, editor, postmaster. Born at Hopkinton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Joseph Richards and Rhoda Howe. Moved to Richmond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 1813; to Chatham, Columbia Co...

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read the drafted letter aloud, JS approved it, and it was sent to the various candidates for the 1844 election.
2

JS, Journal, 4 Nov. 1843; Letter to John C. Calhoun, 4 Nov. 1843.


Clay wrote back immediately with a noncommittal statement that he would “enter into no engagements, make no promises, give no pledges, to any particular portion of the people of the U. States.”
3

Letter from Henry Clay, 15 Nov. 1843.


Calhoun and Cass also eventually responded with similar evasive letters; Johnson and Van Buren did not reply to the Saints’ inquiry.
4

Letter from John C. Calhoun, 2 Dec. 1843; Letter from Lewis Cass, 9 Dec. 1843.


In early November, JS also corresponded with
Joseph L. Heywood

1 Aug. 1815–16 Oct. 1910. Merchant, postmaster, U.S. marshal, hatter, farmer, lawyer. Born in Grafton, Worcester Co., Massachusetts. Son of Benjamin Heywood and Hannah R. Leland. Moved to Illinois, spring 1838. Moved to Quincy, Adams Co., Illinois, fall 1839...

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, a
church

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

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member who had proposed that the Saints work with
United States

North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...

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surveyor Colonel
John Frierson

1804–18 May 1844. U.S. surveyor, politician. Born in South Carolina. Moved to Muscatine Co., Iowa Territory, 1837. Elected to represent Muscatine, Louisa, and Slaughter counties in first Iowa territorial legislature, 1838–1839. Appointed brigadier general...

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and use his influence in
Washington DC

Created as district for seat of U.S. federal government by act of Congress, 1790, and named Washington DC, 1791. Named in honor of George Washington. Headquarters of executive, legislative, and judicial branches of U.S. government relocated to Washington ...

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to once again petition the federal government for redress.
5

Letter to Joseph L. Heywood, 2 Nov. 1843.


JS approved of this idea, and Frierson arrived in
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

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by the end of the month. After meeting with JS and other church leaders, Frierson drafted a memorial to Congress, and church leaders appointed committees to find signers for it.
6

JS, Journal, 15, 25–26, and 28–29 Nov. 1843.


On 29 November, at a meeting of prominent Nauvoo citizens, JS and others discussed additional plans to secure redress from Congress—including JS’s motion “that every man in the meting who could w[i]eld a pen write an address to his mother count[r]y.”
7

Minutes, 29 Nov. 1843.


This motion coincided with JS’s earlier instructions to his scribe
William W. Phelps

17 Feb. 1792–7 Mar. 1872. Writer, teacher, printer, newspaper editor, publisher, postmaster, lawyer. Born at Hanover, Morris Co., New Jersey. Son of Enon Phelps and Mehitabel Goldsmith. Moved to Homer, Cortland Co., New York, 1800. Married Sally Waterman,...

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to write an appeal to the citizens of
Vermont

Area served as early thoroughfare for traveling Indian tribes. French explored area, 1609, and erected fort on island in Lake Champlain, 1666. First settled by Massachusetts emigrants, 1724. Claimed by British colonies of New York and New Hampshire, but during...

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, JS’s native state, asking them to use their political influence to help the Latter-day Saints obtain redress and justice for the losses they suffered in
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

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.
8

JS, Journal, 20–21 Nov. 1843; General Joseph Smith’s Appeal to the Green Mountain Boys, ca. 21 Nov.–3 Dec. 1843.


In November 1843, JS also attended to other civic and ecclesiastical matters, including overseeing prayer meetings, civil and ecclesiastical trials, and the temporal concerns of the Latter-day Saints, as well as dictating a revelation addressed to
apostle

Members of a governing body in the church, with special administrative and proselytizing responsibilities. A June 1829 revelation commanded Oliver Cowdery and David Whitmer to call twelve disciples, similar to the twelve apostles in the New Testament and ...

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John E. Page

25 Feb. 1799–14 Oct. 1867. Born at Trenton, Oneida Co., New York. Son of Ebenezer Page and Rachel Hill. Married first Betsey Thompson, 1831, in Huron Co., Ohio. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by Emer Harris, 18 Aug. 1833, at Brownhelm...

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.
9

JS, Journal, 1, 5, 12, 15–16, 19, and 22 Nov. 1843.


Two documents featured in this part illuminate another challenging issue JS faced during the month. On 21 November, JS preferred charges against church member
Harrison Sagers

3 May 1814/1815–19 June 1886. Painter, farmer. Born in LeRoy, Genessee Co., New York. Son of John Sagers and Amy Sweet. Moved to Elk Creek Township, Erie Co., Pennsylvania, by 1830. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 27 Jan. 1833. ...

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for attempting to seduce a young woman and using JS’s name “in a blasphemous maner.”
10

Charges against Harrison Sagers Preferred to William Marks, 21 Nov. 1843.


Four days later, the
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

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high council

A governing body of twelve high priests. The first high council was organized in Kirtland, Ohio, on 17 February 1834 “for the purpose of settling important difficulties which might arise in the church, which could not be settled by the church, or the bishop...

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held Sagers’s trial. Though the council took no action against Sagers, JS implored the Saints to “do away with evry evil & practice virtue & Holiness before the Lord” and condemned fornication and adultery.
11

Remarks, 25 Nov. 1843.


Sometime in late November, JS met in council with the
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles

Members of a governing body in the church, with special administrative and proselytizing responsibilities. A June 1829 revelation commanded Oliver Cowdery and David Whitmer to call twelve disciples, similar to the twelve apostles in the New Testament and ...

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and during the course of the meeting dictated a revelation instructing Page, who was then living in
Boston

Capital city of Massachusetts, located on eastern seaboard at mouth of Charles River. Founded by Puritans, 1630. Received city charter, 1822. Population in 1820 about 43,000; in 1830 about 61,000; and in 1840 about 93,000. JS’s ancestor Robert Smith emigrated...

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, to preach to the citizens of
Washington DC

Created as district for seat of U.S. federal government by act of Congress, 1790, and named Washington DC, 1791. Named in honor of George Washington. Headquarters of executive, legislative, and judicial branches of U.S. government relocated to Washington ...

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and establish a church congregation in that city.
12

Revelation, ca. 25 Nov. 1843.


Part 4 features fourteen documents created in November 1843, including letters, a revelation, and a poem.
  1. 1

    JS, Journal, 2 Nov. 1843.

  2. 2

    JS, Journal, 4 Nov. 1843; Letter to John C. Calhoun, 4 Nov. 1843.

  3. 3

    Letter from Henry Clay, 15 Nov. 1843.

  4. 4

    Letter from John C. Calhoun, 2 Dec. 1843; Letter from Lewis Cass, 9 Dec. 1843.

  5. 5

    Letter to Joseph L. Heywood, 2 Nov. 1843.

  6. 6

    JS, Journal, 15, 25–26, and 28–29 Nov. 1843.

  7. 7

    Minutes, 29 Nov. 1843.

  8. 8

    JS, Journal, 20–21 Nov. 1843; General Joseph Smith’s Appeal to the Green Mountain Boys, ca. 21 Nov.–3 Dec. 1843.

  9. 9

    JS, Journal, 1, 5, 12, 15–16, 19, and 22 Nov. 1843.

  10. 10

    Charges against Harrison Sagers Preferred to William Marks, 21 Nov. 1843.

  11. 11

    Remarks, 25 Nov. 1843.

  12. 12

    Revelation, ca. 25 Nov. 1843.

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