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Introduction to Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery

Page

Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery

A mercantile partnership composed of Sidney Rigdon, JS, and Oliver Cowdery, likely formed in June 1836. The partnership purchased wholesale goods on credit, using promissory notes, from merchants in Buffalo, New York, in June 1836. In September 1836, the ...

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was a mercantile partnership composed of
Sidney Rigdon

19 Feb. 1793–14 July 1876. Tanner, farmer, minister. Born at St. Clair, Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania. Son of William Rigdon and Nancy Gallaher. Joined United Baptists, ca. 1818. Preached at Warren, Trumbull Co., Ohio, and vicinity, 1819–1821. Married Phebe...

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, JS, and
Oliver Cowdery

3 Oct. 1806–3 Mar. 1850. Clerk, teacher, justice of the peace, lawyer, newspaper editor. Born at Wells, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of William Cowdery and Rebecca Fuller. Raised Congregationalist. Moved to western New York and clerked at a store, ca. 1825–1828...

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, likely formed in June 1836. The partnership purchased wholesale goods on credit from merchants in
Buffalo

Located in western New York on eastern shore of Lake Erie at head of Niagara River and mouth of Buffalo Creek. County seat. Settled by 1801. Land for town allocated, 1810. Incorporated as village, 1813, but mostly destroyed later that year during War of 1812...

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, New York, in June 1836.
1

See, for example, Invoice, J. F. Scribner to Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery, 16 June 1836; Invoice, G. C. Coit to Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery, 18 June 1836; and Invoice and Letter, Gardner & Patterson to Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery, 27 June 1836.


These goods were then sold in a store they opened in September 1836 in
Chester

Surveyed 1796 and 1801. Area settled, 1801–1802. Initially called Wooster. Name changed to Chester and officially incorporated as township, 1816. Population in 1830 about 550. Population in 1840 about 960. JS purchased land for store in Chester, 1836–1837...

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, Ohio, about six miles south of
Kirtland

Located ten miles south of Lake Erie. Settled by 1811. Organized by 1818. Latter-day Saint missionaries visited township, early Nov. 1830; many residents joined Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Population in 1830 about 55 Latter-day Saints and...

More Info
. The name of the store was
Rigdon, Smith & Co.

A mercantile company composed of Sidney Rigdon, JS, and possibly Oliver Cowdery. In September 1836, the firm began operating a store in Chester, Ohio. It is unclear if the “Co.” in the firm’s name represented an abbreviation for “Cowdery” or the more common...

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It is an unclear if the store was an abbreviation of the firm name and was run by Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery, or if an associated firm under the name of Rigdon, Smith & Co. operated the store.
2

Rigdon, Smith & Co., Ledger, 23 Sept. 1836–2 Aug. 1837; see also “Mormonism in Ohio,” Aurora (New Lisbon, OH), 21 [19] Jan. 1837, [3]; and the glossary entry for “Rigdon, Smith & Co.” Although connected, it is unclear if the firm of Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery was the same as the firm of Rigdon, Smith & Co. The “Co.” may have been an abbreviation for “Cowdery,” indicating that the firms were synonymous. Or it may have been the more common abbreviation for “Company,” which may indicate that Cowdery withdrew from the firm and the name changed as a result.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Aurora. New Lisbon, OH. 1835–1837.

In October 1836, the firm purchased additional wholesale goods on credit from merchants in
New York City

Dutch founded New Netherland colony, 1625. Incorporated under British control and renamed New York, 1664. Harbor contributed to economic and population growth of city; became largest city in American colonies. British troops defeated Continental Army under...

More Info
.
3

See, for example, Invoice, Mead, Stafford & Co. to Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery, 8 Oct. 1836; Invoice, Z. Griswold to Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery, 11 Oct. 1836; and Invoice, O. Cobb & Co. to Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery, 13 Oct. 1836. While the partners collectively bought the goods, several October invoices demonstrate variation in the names attributed to the purchasers, using Smith & Cowdery instead of the full firm’s name. (See, for example, Invoice, Winthrop Eaton to Smith & Cowdery, 11 Oct. 1836; and Invoice, Bailey, Keeler & Remsen to Smith & Cowdery, 12 Oct. 1836.)


As promissory notes for the goods remained unpaid and became overdue in 1837, JS, Rigdon, and Cowdery faced litigation from the New York merchants. In some instances, they were able to renegotiate unpaid promissory notes to avoid or at least postpone litigation.
4

For more on their efforts to renegotiate their debts, see Historical Introduction to Power of Attorney to Oliver Granger, 27 Sept. 1837; and Documents, Volume 5, Introduction to Part 6: 20 Apr.–14 Sept. 1837.


The store in
Chester

Surveyed 1796 and 1801. Area settled, 1801–1802. Initially called Wooster. Name changed to Chester and officially incorporated as township, 1816. Population in 1830 about 550. Population in 1840 about 960. JS purchased land for store in Chester, 1836–1837...

More Info
closed in May 1837, and JS appears to have withdrawn as a partner at the same time, likely dissolving the firm.
5

See Historical Introduction to Notes Receivable from Rigdon, Smith & Co., 22 May 1837.


Oliver Granger

7 Feb. 1794–23/25 Aug. 1841. Sheriff, church agent. Born at Phelps, Ontario Co., New York. Son of Pierce Granger and Clarissa Trumble. Married Lydia Dibble, 8 Sept. 1813, at Phelps. Member of Methodist church and licensed exhorter. Sheriff of Ontario Co. ...

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, an agent for JS and the church, undertook efforts to repay outstanding debts, often with land donated by Latter-day Saints in the eastern
United States

North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...

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, from 1839 until his death in 1841.
6

See Historical Introduction to Statement of Account from Perkins & Osborn, ca. 29 Oct. 1838; Historical Introduction to Agreement with Mead & Betts, 2 Aug. 1839; Historical Introduction to Authorization for Oliver Granger, 13 May 1839; Historical Introduction to Letter from Reuben McBride, 3 Jan. 1842, in JSP, D9:63–66; and Historical Introduction to Receipt, 8 July 1842, in JSP, D10:246–248.


Comprehensive Works Cited

JSP, D9 / Smith, Alex D., Christian K. Heimburger, and Christopher James Blythe, eds. Documents, Volume 9: December 1841–April 1842. Vol. 9 of the Documents series of The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Matthew C. Godfrey, R. Eric Smith, Matthew J. Grow, and Ronald K. Esplin. Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2019.

JSP, D10 / Kuehn, Elizabeth A., Jordan T. Watkins, Matthew C. Godfrey, and Mason K. Allred, eds. Documents, Volume 10: May–August 1842. Vol. 10 of the Documents series of The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Matthew C. Godfrey, R. Eric Smith, Matthew J. Grow, and Ronald K. Esplin. Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2020.

Although records indicate JS had a storehouse in
Kirtland

Located ten miles south of Lake Erie. Settled by 1811. Organized by 1818. Latter-day Saint missionaries visited township, early Nov. 1830; many residents joined Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Population in 1830 about 55 Latter-day Saints and...

More Info
, Ohio, it is unclear if it was owned by JS individually or by
Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery

A mercantile partnership composed of Sidney Rigdon, JS, and Oliver Cowdery, likely formed in June 1836. The partnership purchased wholesale goods on credit, using promissory notes, from merchants in Buffalo, New York, in June 1836. In September 1836, the ...

View Glossary
, or if it functioned as a
Rigdon, Smith & Co.

A mercantile company composed of Sidney Rigdon, JS, and possibly Oliver Cowdery. In September 1836, the firm began operating a store in Chester, Ohio. It is unclear if the “Co.” in the firm’s name represented an abbreviation for “Cowdery” or the more common...

View Glossary
storehouse for extra goods in Kirtland or as a storehouse for some other entity.
7

There are no extant records for the Kirtland store or storehouse. (See Deed, 3 June 1841, in Lake Co., OH, Land Registry Records, bk. A, p. 513, CHL; and Brigham Young, in Journal of Discourses, 8 Oct. 1855, 3:120–121.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Lake Co., OH, Recorder’s Office. Land Registry Records, 1840–1842. CHL.

Journal of Discourses. 26 vols. Liverpool: F. D. Richards, 1855–1886.

A ledger for the
Rigdon, Smith & Co.

A mercantile company composed of Sidney Rigdon, JS, and possibly Oliver Cowdery. In September 1836, the firm began operating a store in Chester, Ohio. It is unclear if the “Co.” in the firm’s name represented an abbreviation for “Cowdery” or the more common...

View Glossary
store in
Chester

Surveyed 1796 and 1801. Area settled, 1801–1802. Initially called Wooster. Name changed to Chester and officially incorporated as township, 1816. Population in 1830 about 550. Population in 1840 about 960. JS purchased land for store in Chester, 1836–1837...

More Info
is extant, as are receipts and other documents, but the only extant business records for
Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery

A mercantile partnership composed of Sidney Rigdon, JS, and Oliver Cowdery, likely formed in June 1836. The partnership purchased wholesale goods on credit, using promissory notes, from merchants in Buffalo, New York, in June 1836. In September 1836, the ...

View Glossary
are the invoices from wholesale purchases in
New York

Located in northeast region of U.S. Area settled by Dutch traders, 1620s; later governed by Britain, 1664–1776. Admitted to U.S. as state, 1788. Population in 1810 about 1,000,000; in 1820 about 1,400,000; in 1830 about 1,900,000; and in 1840 about 2,400,...

More Info
.
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Editorial Title
Introduction to Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery
ID #
18338
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1
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    Footnotes

    1. [1]

      See, for example, Invoice, J. F. Scribner to Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery, 16 June 1836; Invoice, G. C. Coit to Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery, 18 June 1836; and Invoice and Letter, Gardner & Patterson to Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery, 27 June 1836.

    2. [2]

      Rigdon, Smith & Co., Ledger, 23 Sept. 1836–2 Aug. 1837; see also “Mormonism in Ohio,” Aurora (New Lisbon, OH), 21 [19] Jan. 1837, [3]; and the glossary entry for “Rigdon, Smith & Co.” Although connected, it is unclear if the firm of Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery was the same as the firm of Rigdon, Smith & Co. The “Co.” may have been an abbreviation for “Cowdery,” indicating that the firms were synonymous. Or it may have been the more common abbreviation for “Company,” which may indicate that Cowdery withdrew from the firm and the name changed as a result.

      Aurora. New Lisbon, OH. 1835–1837.

    3. [3]

      See, for example, Invoice, Mead, Stafford & Co. to Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery, 8 Oct. 1836; Invoice, Z. Griswold to Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery, 11 Oct. 1836; and Invoice, O. Cobb & Co. to Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery, 13 Oct. 1836. While the partners collectively bought the goods, several October invoices demonstrate variation in the names attributed to the purchasers, using Smith & Cowdery instead of the full firm’s name. (See, for example, Invoice, Winthrop Eaton to Smith & Cowdery, 11 Oct. 1836; and Invoice, Bailey, Keeler & Remsen to Smith & Cowdery, 12 Oct. 1836.)

    4. [4]

      For more on their efforts to renegotiate their debts, see Historical Introduction to Power of Attorney to Oliver Granger, 27 Sept. 1837; and Documents, Volume 5, Introduction to Part 6: 20 Apr.–14 Sept. 1837.

    5. [5]

      See Historical Introduction to Notes Receivable from Rigdon, Smith & Co., 22 May 1837.

    6. [6]

      See Historical Introduction to Statement of Account from Perkins & Osborn, ca. 29 Oct. 1838; Historical Introduction to Agreement with Mead & Betts, 2 Aug. 1839; Historical Introduction to Authorization for Oliver Granger, 13 May 1839; Historical Introduction to Letter from Reuben McBride, 3 Jan. 1842, in JSP, D9:63–66; and Historical Introduction to Receipt, 8 July 1842, in JSP, D10:246–248.

      JSP, D9 / Smith, Alex D., Christian K. Heimburger, and Christopher James Blythe, eds. Documents, Volume 9: December 1841–April 1842. Vol. 9 of the Documents series of The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Matthew C. Godfrey, R. Eric Smith, Matthew J. Grow, and Ronald K. Esplin. Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2019.

      JSP, D10 / Kuehn, Elizabeth A., Jordan T. Watkins, Matthew C. Godfrey, and Mason K. Allred, eds. Documents, Volume 10: May–August 1842. Vol. 10 of the Documents series of The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Matthew C. Godfrey, R. Eric Smith, Matthew J. Grow, and Ronald K. Esplin. Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2020.

    7. [7]

      There are no extant records for the Kirtland store or storehouse. (See Deed, 3 June 1841, in Lake Co., OH, Land Registry Records, bk. A, p. 513, CHL; and Brigham Young, in Journal of Discourses, 8 Oct. 1855, 3:120–121.)

      Lake Co., OH, Recorder’s Office. Land Registry Records, 1840–1842. CHL.

      Journal of Discourses. 26 vols. Liverpool: F. D. Richards, 1855–1886.

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