Footnotes
JS, Journal, 29 June 1842; “Clayton, William,” in Jenson, Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia, 1:718; William Clayton, on behalf of Newel K. Whitney and George Miller, Request to Samuel Russell, Nauvoo, IL, 4 Aug. 1845; William Clayton, on behalf of Jerome Kempton, Order to John Taylor, Nauvoo, IL, 27 Sept. 1845, Newel K. Whitney, Papers, BYU; Trustee-in-trust, Ledger B, CHL.
Jenson, Andrew. Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia: A Compilation of Biographical Sketches of Prominent Men and Women in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 4 vols. Salt Lake City: Andrew Jenson History Co., 1901–1936.
Whitney, Newel K. Papers, 1825–1906. BYU.
Trustees Land Books / Trustee-in-Trust, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Land Books, 1839–1845. 2 vols. CHL. MS 3437.
See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection (Supplement), 1833–1844, in the CHL catalog.
Footnotes
Ebenezer Robinson, “Items of Personal History of the Editor,” Return, May 1890, 257–258.
The Return. Davis City, IA, 1889–1891; Richmond, MO, 1892–1893; Davis City, 1895–1896; Denver, 1898; Independence, MO, 1899–1900.
Revelation, 28 Jan. 1842; Woodruff, Journal, 4 Feb. 1842; Agreement with Ebenezer Robinson, 4 Feb. 1842.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
Historical Introduction to Times and Seasons, 1 Sept. 1842; Woodruff, Journal, 3 and 19 Feb. 1842.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
“Introductory,” Wasp, 16 Apr. 1842, [2]; William Smith, “Proposals for Publishing the Wasp,” Wasp, 16 Apr. 1842, [4].
The Wasp. Nauvoo, IL. Apr. 1842–Apr. 1843.
“To the Public,” Wasp, 8 Oct. 1842, [2], italics in original.
The Wasp. Nauvoo, IL. Apr. 1842–Apr. 1843.
In September 1842, JS contemplated moving the printing press used to print the Wasp to Keokuk, Iowa Territory, to publish a newspaper there under Woodruff’s editorship, suggesting that Woodruff had taken on some responsibility for the editorial content of the newspaper. In a letter to the editor of the Sangamo Journal, church dissident George W. Robinson commented on the confusing status of the editorship of the Wasp, sarcastically stating that because of “the dozen would be editors, who are prowling and loafing about the printing office, it would be difficult to ascertain the editors.” (“Letter from Col. Robinson,” Sangamo Journal [Springfield, IL], 26 Aug. 1842, [2], italics in original; Woodruff, Journal, 22 Sept. 1842; JS, Journal, 22 Sept. 1842; “To the Public,” Wasp, 8 Oct. 1842, [2].)
Sangamo Journal. Springfield, IL. 1831–1847.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
The Wasp. Nauvoo, IL. Apr. 1842–Apr. 1843.
Ebenezer Robinson, “Items of Personal History of the Editor,” Return, May 1890, 258–262; Agreement with Ebenezer Robinson and Don Carlos Smith, 14 Dec. 1840.
The Return. Davis City, IA, 1889–1891; Richmond, MO, 1892–1893; Davis City, 1895–1896; Denver, 1898; Independence, MO, 1899–1900.
Advertisement, Times and Seasons, 1 Jan. 1841, 2:272.
Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.
Woodruff, Journal, 7–12 Nov. 1842. At this time, JS had numerous civic and ecclesiastical responsibilities, including serving as president and trustee-in-trust of the church as well as mayor, head of the municipal court of Nauvoo, and lieutenant general over the Nauvoo Legion. Additionally, the printing establishment had been plagued with problems in the months leading up to the transfer. The press twice ran out of paper for several weeks in August and November. Furthermore, a fire in the upper floors of the printing office heavily damaged the building in October 1842. These difficulties may have contributed to JS’s decision to lease the business and property. (“Joseph Smith Documents from September 1842 through February 1843”; Historical Introduction to Notice, ca. 1 Dec. 1842; John Taylor, “Introductory,” Wasp, 10 Dec. 1842, [2]; Woodruff, Journal, 24 Oct. 1842.)
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
The Wasp. Nauvoo, IL. Apr. 1842–Apr. 1843.
Woodruff, Journal, 7–12 Nov. 1842.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
Notice, 15 Nov. 1842. Although dated 15 November, the issue was printed one day later. (John Taylor, Editorial, Times and Seasons, 15 Nov. 1842, 4:8; Woodruff, Journal, 16 Nov. 1842.)
Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
William Smith, “Valedictory,” and John Taylor, “Introductory,” Wasp, 10 Dec. 1842, [2].
The Wasp. Nauvoo, IL. Apr. 1842–Apr. 1843.
JS, Journal, 2 Dec. 1842. Earlier in 1842, Richards noted that one of his responsibilities as JS’s “private secratary, and scribe and clerk” was managing the finances of the “Printing office, Book Binding, Stereotypefoundry, engraving &c. &c.” (Willard Richards to Levi Richards, 7 Mar. 1842, typescript, Richards Family Papers, CHL.)
“Richards Family Letters 1840–1849.” Typescript. Richards Family Papers, 1965. CHL.
Richards, Journal, 2–4 Dec. 1842; Woodruff, Journal, 2–5 Dec. 1842.
Richards, Willard. Journals, 1836–1853. Willard Richards, Papers, 1821–1854. CHL. MS 1490, boxes 1–2.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
The church purchased one of the three presses in Kirtland, Ohio, for printing needs there. In 1837 the press was taken to Far West, Missouri, and beginning in summer 1838 it was used to print the Elders’ Journal. During the Missouri conflict in 1838, the Saints buried the press to hide it from their enemies. In 1839 they disinterred it and brought it to Commerce, Illinois, where it was used to print the Times and Seasons. At some point—presumably prior to the publication of the Wasp in April 1842—the office acquired two additional presses, possibly from Cincinnati or New York, where the printers purchased printing supplies on other occasions. (Prospectus for the Elders’ Journal, 30 Apr. 1838; Prospectus, Times and Seasons, Oct. 1840, 1:191–192; “The Weekly Paper,” Times and Seasons, 2 Aug. 1841, 2:497–498; Ebenezer Robinson, “Items of Personal History of the Editor,” Return, May 1890, 257–258, 261–262.)
Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.
The Return. Davis City, IA, 1889–1891; Richmond, MO, 1892–1893; Davis City, 1895–1896; Denver, 1898; Independence, MO, 1899–1900.
Unlike modern printers, who measure type size with a point system, nineteenth-century printers used names to refer to different sizes of type. The sizes mentioned in this inventory, from smallest to largest, are pearl, nonpareil, minion, brevier, long primer, small pica, pica or two-line nonpareil, English, great primer, paragon or two-line long primer, and canon. (Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 1:229–234.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
Woodruff, Journal, 8–10 Dec. 1842.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
Although the announcement of the dissolution of Taylor and Woodruff’s partnership was dated 30 December 1843, it was not published until 28 February 1844. Woodruff’s journal describes the actual dissolution taking place sometime between 16 and 19 January 1843. (John Taylor and Wilford Woodruff, Notice, Nauvoo Neighbor, 28 Feb. 1844, [3]; Agreement with John Taylor, 23 Jan. 1844, JS Office Papers, CHL; JS, Journal, 23 Jan. 1844; Woodruff, Journal, 16–19 Jan. 1844.)
Nauvoo Neighbor. Nauvoo, IL. 1843–1845.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
“No 5 Joseph Smiths a/c CR as pr Printing Office Books,” Newel K. Whitney, Papers, BYU.
Whitney, Newel K. Papers, 1825–1906. BYU.
| $ | |
| Brought over | 446 16 |
| Do. Do. | 126 32 |
| 1 Pidgeon Case | 8 00 |
| Brass-rule Machine | 100 00 |
| 1 Fount Small Pica 188 lbs 44 cts | 82 72 |
| 1 Do. Brevier 194 lbs @45 | 87 30 |
| 3 Pair Cases 3 Dol[lars] each | 9 00 |
| 1 Card Border | 1 25 |
| 24 Check ends 50 cts | 12 00 |
| 1 Large Dash | 1 00 |
| 1 lb Long Primer Border | 88 |
| 1 Small font Pica caps | 75 |
| 1 Horse Cut | 3 00 |
| 2 Do. Do.— 2,00 | 4 00 |
| 1 Fount Pearl type | 50 |
| 4½ lbs Small Pica quads 44 cts | 1 98 |
| Long Primer Dashes | 50 |
| 1 Fount English Condensed No 2 | 2 00 |
| 1 Do 2 lines L. Primer Gothic Do | 2 00 |
| 1 Do. 2 lines Non Pariel No 3 | 1 75 |
| 1 Do. Brevier Gothic Gothic Condensed | 1 75 |
| 1 Do. Title Non Pariel | 3 00 |
| 1 Do. English Flowers No 2 | 1 00 |
| 1 lb Small English flowers No 2 | 1 25 |
| 3/4 lb Long Primer Do. | 1 00 |
| 1 lb Minion Do. nos 5 & 9 | 2 00 |
| 1 Standbury Printing Press) | <30 00> |
| 1 Imperial Rolling machine) | |
| 2 Rolling Frames) | |
| 1 Galley | 4 [00] |
| 2 Imposing stones & frames | 20 00 |
| 3 Founts Fancy type Pica L Primer and Brevier— | 8 00 |
| 1 Copper Roller Mould | 10 00 |
| <$973 11> |
| Brought over | <973 11> |
| Brass Rule | 25 <18> 00 |
| 8 Pr of Cases @ 3.00 | 24 00 |
| 5 Imposing Sticks. 2,50 | 12 50 |
| 1 Wash-stand | 5 00 |
| 1 Stiff backed saw | 75 |
| 1 Desk & stand | 12 00 |
| 1 Table Ink bottle stands & candlesticks— | 5 00 |
| <12 Cap Chases 2,25 | 27 00 |
| 8 Job Do. 1,50 | 12 00 |
| 1 Tin pail dipper & sprinkler | 1 25 |
| $1090 61> |
| 1 Box of English brass type | 1 00 |
| 1 Lettering Pallet | <1 00> |
| 1 Screw for Standing Press | <5 00> |
| Standing Press | 50 00 |
| Lying Press & two ploughs | 8 00 |
| Small hand Press | 1 00 |
| Large Pasteboard Scissors | 8 00 |
| 4 Brass Pallets | 4 00 |
| 11 Brass Stamps | 2 00 |
| One Glue pot (broken) | 50 |
| 5 Folio pressing boards | 2 12½ |
| 12— 4 to Do. 6¼ | 75 |
| 12— 12 mo Do. 6¼ | 75 |
| Sewing Bench | 1 50 |
| 8 Brass Rolls | 6 00 |
| 2 Polishers | 2 00 |
| 2 Plough Knives | 1 25 |
| Type Case | 1 00 |
| 12 Folio Backing Board | 1 50 |
| 12 Do. cutting Do. | 1 08 |
| <98 45½> |
This is probably a cutting board for trimming brass rules—type-high strips used to print lines or borders—which were often manufactured and sold in long strips that had to be cut to size by printshops. Brass rules, presumably uncut, appear elsewhere on this inventory. (Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 1:26–27, 243–245; 2:972; Glaister, Encyclopedia of the Book, 69.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
Glaister, Geoffrey Ashall. Encyclopedia of the Book. 2nd ed. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press, 1996.
TEXT: Possibly “Chick”.
Two-line letters were twice as large as usual for the type size. Two-line long primer type was equivalent to paragon type, mentioned elsewhere in the inventory. (Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 1:24; 2:1043.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
Two-line nonpareil type was equivalent to pica type, mentioned elsewhere in the inventory. (Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 1:24; 2:1043.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
The Stansbury printing press was invented and patented by Abraham O. Stansbury in 1821. Shortly thereafter, the Cincinnati Type Foundry began manufacturing the press, and by the 1830s the company was manufacturing the press in three different sizes. The low value assigned to the press in this inventory suggests that this was a smaller press used primarily for job work. It is unclear when the printing office acquired this press, though it presumably did so in Cincinnati, where the printers frequently traveled to purchase printing supplies. (Moran, Printing Presses, 84–85; Ebenezer Robinson, “Items of Personal History of the Editor,” Return, May 1890, 261–262; “The Weekly Paper,” Times and Seasons, 2 Aug. 1841, 2:497–498.)
Moran, James. Printing Presses: History and Development from the Fifteenth Century to Modern Times. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.
The Return. Davis City, IA, 1889–1891; Richmond, MO, 1892–1893; Davis City, 1895–1896; Denver, 1898; Independence, MO, 1899–1900.
Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.
This probably refers to an appliance used to help apply ink to the rollers. (Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 2:566–570.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
A galley was a shallow box used to hold type once it had been set. (Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 2:993; “Galley,” in American Dictionary of Printing and Bookmaking, 222.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
Pasko, Wesley Washington. American Dictionary of Printing and Bookmaking, Containing a History of These Arts in Europe and America, with Definitions of Technical Terms and Biographical Sketches. New York: Howard Lockwood, 1894. As excerpted in Richard-Gabriel Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress, 2 vols. (New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press, 2004).
Imposing stones were large flat surfaces, usually consisting of marble or limestone, which printers used to arrange and lock up type in frames in preparation for proofing and printing. (Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 1:283; 2:998; Gaskell, New Introduction to Bibliography, 78–80.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
Gaskell, Philip. A New Introduction to Bibliography. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press, 2009.
“Fancy type” likely refers to some of the decorative type Robinson obtained at Cincinnati in 1840. The early notices for the bookbindery and stereotype foundry in Nauvoo advertised Robinson’s possession of fancy type and his occupation as “Book and FANCY Job Printer.” (Ebenezer Robinson, “Items of Personal History of the Editor,” Return, May 1890, 261–262; Advertisement, Times and Seasons, 1 Jan. 1841, 2:272, emphasis in original.)
The Return. Davis City, IA, 1889–1891; Richmond, MO, 1892–1893; Davis City, 1895–1896; Denver, 1898; Independence, MO, 1899–1900.
Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.
This mold would have been used to form the hardened covering of molasses, glue, and other ingredients onto the wooden cylinders mentioned above. (Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 2:539–549, 554–556.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
A brass rule was a strip of brass used to print lines and borders. They were often manufactured and sold in long strips that were cut to size as needed during the typesetting process. A brass-rule machine, a cutting board used to trim brass rules, appears above on this inventory. (Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 2:972; Glaister, Encyclopedia of the Book, 69.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
Glaister, Geoffrey Ashall. Encyclopedia of the Book. 2nd ed. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press, 1996.
TEXT: Possibly “21 <24> 00”.
Taylor presumably intended to write “composing sticks,” the small trays used by printshop compositors to set and justify type. (Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 1:227–228; 2:980.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
While the larger chases mentioned with the presses would have been used for printing newspapers, pamphlets, or books, the cap chases and job chases mentioned here were likely used for job work, such as the printing of forms, cards, or other smaller documents. (See Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 2:1003; and “Job Printing,” in American Dictionary of Printing and Bookmaking, 309–310.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
Pasko, Wesley Washington. American Dictionary of Printing and Bookmaking, Containing a History of These Arts in Europe and America, with Definitions of Technical Terms and Biographical Sketches. New York: Howard Lockwood, 1894. As excerpted in Richard-Gabriel Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress, 2 vols. (New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press, 2004).
TEXT: The “to” is partially overwritten by the dollar sign in the inserted total above.
Pallets are leatherworking instruments used for tooling, or decorating, the covers of leather-bound books. (Diehl, Bookbinding, 322–323; Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 2:1013.)
Diehl, Edith. Bookbinding: Its Background and Technique. Vol. 2. New York: Rinehart, 1946.
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
A lying press and plough was a vise with an attached mechanism for cutting or trimming the sheets or boards of a bound book. (Diehl, Bookbinding, 8–10, 148–151, 160–163; Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 2:1019.)
Diehl, Edith. Bookbinding: Its Background and Technique. Vol. 2. New York: Rinehart, 1946.
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
“4 to” is an abbreviation for quarto, which is a printed sheet that is folded to create a gathering of four leaves. (Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 2:989.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
“12 mo” is an abbreviation for duodecimo, which is a printed sheet that is folded to create a gathering of twelve leaves. (Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 2:1026.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
Plough knives were used, with the lying press and ploughs mentioned above, to cut or trim the sheets or boards of a bound book. (Diehl, Bookbinding, 8–10, 148–151, 160–163; Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 2:1019.)
Diehl, Edith. Bookbinding: Its Background and Technique. Vol. 2. New York: Rinehart, 1946.
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.