Footnotes
JS, Journal, 29 June 1842; “Clayton, William,” in Jenson, Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia, 1:718; William Clayton, on behalf of Newel K. Whitney and George Miller, Request to Samuel Russell, Nauvoo, IL, 4 Aug. 1845; William Clayton, on behalf of Jerome Kempton, Order to John Taylor, Nauvoo, IL, 27 Sept. 1845, Newel K. Whitney, Papers, BYU; Trustee-in-trust, Ledger B, CHL.
Jenson, Andrew. Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia: A Compilation of Biographical Sketches of Prominent Men and Women in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 4 vols. Salt Lake City: Andrew Jenson History Co., 1901–1936.
Whitney, Newel K. Papers, 1825–1906. BYU.
Trustees Land Books / Trustee-in-Trust, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Land Books, 1839–1845. 2 vols. CHL. MS 3437.
See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection (Supplement), 1833–1844, in the CHL catalog.
Footnotes
Ebenezer Robinson, “Items of Personal History of the Editor,” Return, May 1890, 257–258.
The Return. Davis City, IA, 1889–1891; Richmond, MO, 1892–1893; Davis City, 1895–1896; Denver, 1898; Independence, MO, 1899–1900.
Revelation, 28 Jan. 1842; Woodruff, Journal, 4 Feb. 1842; Agreement with Ebenezer Robinson, 4 Feb. 1842.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
Historical Introduction to Times and Seasons, 1 Sept. 1842; Woodruff, Journal, 3 and 19 Feb. 1842.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
“Introductory,” Wasp, 16 Apr. 1842, [2]; William Smith, “Proposals for Publishing the Wasp,” Wasp, 16 Apr. 1842, [4].
The Wasp. Nauvoo, IL. Apr. 1842–Apr. 1843.
“To the Public,” Wasp, 8 Oct. 1842, [2], italics in original.
The Wasp. Nauvoo, IL. Apr. 1842–Apr. 1843.
In September 1842, JS contemplated moving the printing press used to print the Wasp to Keokuk, Iowa Territory, to publish a newspaper there under Woodruff’s editorship, suggesting that Woodruff had taken on some responsibility for the editorial content of the newspaper. In a letter to the editor of the Sangamo Journal, church dissident George W. Robinson commented on the confusing status of the editorship of the Wasp, sarcastically stating that because of “the dozen would be editors, who are prowling and loafing about the printing office, it would be difficult to ascertain the editors.” (“Letter from Col. Robinson,” Sangamo Journal [Springfield, IL], 26 Aug. 1842, [2], italics in original; Woodruff, Journal, 22 Sept. 1842; JS, Journal, 22 Sept. 1842; “To the Public,” Wasp, 8 Oct. 1842, [2].)
Sangamo Journal. Springfield, IL. 1831–1847.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
The Wasp. Nauvoo, IL. Apr. 1842–Apr. 1843.
Ebenezer Robinson, “Items of Personal History of the Editor,” Return, May 1890, 258–262; Agreement with Ebenezer Robinson and Don Carlos Smith, 14 Dec. 1840.
The Return. Davis City, IA, 1889–1891; Richmond, MO, 1892–1893; Davis City, 1895–1896; Denver, 1898; Independence, MO, 1899–1900.
Advertisement, Times and Seasons, 1 Jan. 1841, 2:272.
Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.
Woodruff, Journal, 7–12 Nov. 1842. At this time, JS had numerous civic and ecclesiastical responsibilities, including serving as president and trustee-in-trust of the church as well as mayor, head of the municipal court of Nauvoo, and lieutenant general over the Nauvoo Legion. Additionally, the printing establishment had been plagued with problems in the months leading up to the transfer. The press twice ran out of paper for several weeks in August and November. Furthermore, a fire in the upper floors of the printing office heavily damaged the building in October 1842. These difficulties may have contributed to JS’s decision to lease the business and property. (“Joseph Smith Documents from September 1842 through February 1843”; Historical Introduction to Notice, ca. 1 Dec. 1842; John Taylor, “Introductory,” Wasp, 10 Dec. 1842, [2]; Woodruff, Journal, 24 Oct. 1842.)
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
The Wasp. Nauvoo, IL. Apr. 1842–Apr. 1843.
Woodruff, Journal, 7–12 Nov. 1842.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
Notice, 15 Nov. 1842. Although dated 15 November, the issue was printed one day later. (John Taylor, Editorial, Times and Seasons, 15 Nov. 1842, 4:8; Woodruff, Journal, 16 Nov. 1842.)
Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
William Smith, “Valedictory,” and John Taylor, “Introductory,” Wasp, 10 Dec. 1842, [2].
The Wasp. Nauvoo, IL. Apr. 1842–Apr. 1843.
JS, Journal, 2 Dec. 1842. Earlier in 1842, Richards noted that one of his responsibilities as JS’s “private secratary, and scribe and clerk” was managing the finances of the “Printing office, Book Binding, Stereotypefoundry, engraving &c. &c.” (Willard Richards to Levi Richards, 7 Mar. 1842, typescript, Richards Family Papers, CHL.)
“Richards Family Letters 1840–1849.” Typescript. Richards Family Papers, 1965. CHL.
Richards, Journal, 2–4 Dec. 1842; Woodruff, Journal, 2–5 Dec. 1842.
Richards, Willard. Journals, 1836–1853. Willard Richards, Papers, 1821–1854. CHL. MS 1490, boxes 1–2.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
The church purchased one of the three presses in Kirtland, Ohio, for printing needs there. In 1837 the press was taken to Far West, Missouri, and beginning in summer 1838 it was used to print the Elders’ Journal. During the Missouri conflict in 1838, the Saints buried the press to hide it from their enemies. In 1839 they disinterred it and brought it to Commerce, Illinois, where it was used to print the Times and Seasons. At some point—presumably prior to the publication of the Wasp in April 1842—the office acquired two additional presses, possibly from Cincinnati or New York, where the printers purchased printing supplies on other occasions. (Prospectus for the Elders’ Journal, 30 Apr. 1838; Prospectus, Times and Seasons, Oct. 1840, 1:191–192; “The Weekly Paper,” Times and Seasons, 2 Aug. 1841, 2:497–498; Ebenezer Robinson, “Items of Personal History of the Editor,” Return, May 1890, 257–258, 261–262.)
Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.
The Return. Davis City, IA, 1889–1891; Richmond, MO, 1892–1893; Davis City, 1895–1896; Denver, 1898; Independence, MO, 1899–1900.
Unlike modern printers, who measure type size with a point system, nineteenth-century printers used names to refer to different sizes of type. The sizes mentioned in this inventory, from smallest to largest, are pearl, nonpareil, minion, brevier, long primer, small pica, pica or two-line nonpareil, English, great primer, paragon or two-line long primer, and canon. (Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 1:229–234.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
Woodruff, Journal, 8–10 Dec. 1842.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
Although the announcement of the dissolution of Taylor and Woodruff’s partnership was dated 30 December 1843, it was not published until 28 February 1844. Woodruff’s journal describes the actual dissolution taking place sometime between 16 and 19 January 1843. (John Taylor and Wilford Woodruff, Notice, Nauvoo Neighbor, 28 Feb. 1844, [3]; Agreement with John Taylor, 23 Jan. 1844, JS Office Papers, CHL; JS, Journal, 23 Jan. 1844; Woodruff, Journal, 16–19 Jan. 1844.)
Nauvoo Neighbor. Nauvoo, IL. 1843–1845.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
“No 5 Joseph Smiths a/c CR as pr Printing Office Books,” Newel K. Whitney, Papers, BYU.
Whitney, Newel K. Papers, 1825–1906. BYU.
| 12. 4 to Backing Boards | 50 |
| 12. Do. Cutting Do. | 75 |
| 3 Small Hammers | 1 00 |
| 1 Pair Small Scissors | 75 |
| Beating Iron Hammer 8 lbs @ 6¼ | 50 |
| Do. Iron 50 lbs @ 6¼ | 3 12½ |
| 1 Pair Compasses | 1 00 |
| 1 Do. Do. | 18¾ |
| 1 Iron Mallet | 1 50 |
| 1 Brush | 25 |
| 1 Filleting Board | 50 |
| 63 Sheets Glazed Pressings | 1 50 |
| 120 Do. Plain Do. | 2 50 |
| <1 Saw | <75> |
| 14 81¼ | |
| 98 45½ | |
| 113 26¾> |
| 6 Plates 20 lbs each 120— 6¼ | 7 50 |
| Crane and 3 Cramps | 10 00 |
| 2 Metal pans 42 lbs @ 6¼ | 2 62 |
| 1 Do. Do. 24½ @ 6¼ | 1 53 |
| 8 Top plates or Floaters 88½ @ 6¼ | 5 53 |
| Metal plan pan supposed to be 200— 6¼ | 12 50 |
| Pattern for Do.— | 4 00 |
| $43,68 |
| 8 Grate bars 8 lbs each 64 @ 6¼ | 4 00 |
| Door for Furnace 9¾ lbs | 4 00 |
| Frame & Hinges for Do. supposed 20 @12½ | 2 50 |
| Large oven Door 23 lbs @ 37½ | 8 52½ |
| Frame for Do supposed 80 @ 6¼ | 5 00 |
| Wrought Iron bars in oven 15— 12½ | 2 87½ |
| 3 Large plates supposed 200 <300> @ 6¼ | 19 25 |
| 8 Grate bars 8 lbs each @ 6¼ | 4 00 |
| Small door for oven 9¾ | 4 00 |
| Frame for Do. supposed 20 | 2 50 |
| Pair of Tongs | 2 00 |
| Shovel | 1 50 |
| Building Furnace & oven | 10 00 |
| 5 Stones | 7 00 |
| Trough | 4 00 |
| Seive | 1 00 |
| Shaving Machine | 130 00 |
| 2 Planes & Table | 8 00 |
| 9 Brushes | 5 00 |
| Gauge | 2 00 |
| A few small tools | 2 00 |
| Ladle | <1 00 |
| 230 15 | |
| 43 68 | |
| 273 83> |
| <<Value of> Articles belonging to printing | $1990,61 $1090,61 |
| Value of articles belonging to Bindery | 113,26¾ |
| Value of Articles belonging to Foundry | 273, 83 |
| $1477,70¾> |
TEXT: Possibly “30”.
A fillet was a wheeled metal tool used for tooling long lines in the leather binding. This board presumably was used to undergird and support the tooling process. (Diehl, Bookbinding, 322.)
Diehl, Edith. Bookbinding: Its Background and Technique. Vol. 2. New York: Rinehart, 1946.
Although a cramp is an instrument used in printing, here the term likely refers to tools used to fasten the crane to the casting pot. The crane was used to dip the casting pot into the molten lead to cast the stereotype plates. (Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 2:730–731, 983; “Cramps,” in American Dictionary of Printing and Bookmaking, 124.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
Pasko, Wesley Washington. American Dictionary of Printing and Bookmaking, Containing a History of These Arts in Europe and America, with Definitions of Technical Terms and Biographical Sketches. New York: Howard Lockwood, 1894. As excerpted in Richard-Gabriel Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress, 2 vols. (New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press, 2004).
These pans were presumably the casting pots that were dipped in the molten lead to create the stereotype plates. (Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 2:730–731.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
Floating plates were placed in the casting pot to ensure that the stereotype plates would be level and of equal thickness. (Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 2:730.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
This larger pan was presumably the melting pot used to heat the molten lead for the casting process. (Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 2:730–731.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
This is presumably an apparatus used to trim the finished stereotype plates to the desired size and thickness. (Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 2:733–734.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
Planes were used to trim the stereotype plates after they were cast. (Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 2:733–734.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
Several different brushes were needed at different points in the stereotyping process to apply oil or gypsum plaster to the form. (Rummonds, Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices, 2:725, 727.)
Rummonds, Richard-Gabriel. Nineteenth-Century Printing Practices and the Iron Handpress. 2 vols. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2004.
JS believed, apparently correctly, that a 23 January 1844 appraisal of the printing office, which appraised the printing office at $950, was “too low.” In contrast, the value of the bindery and stereotype foundry were each within a few dollars of what is listed here. (JS, Journal, 23–24 Jan. 1844.)