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Letter from Brigham Young, 23 October 1843

Source Note

Brigham Young

1 June 1801–29 Aug. 1877. Carpenter, painter, glazier, colonizer. Born at Whitingham, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of John Young and Abigail (Nabby) Howe. Brought up in Methodist household; later joined Methodist church. Moved to Sherburne, Chenango Co., New...

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, Letter,
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Hancock Co., IL, to JS, [
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Hancock Co., IL], 23 Oct. 1843; handwriting of
Brigham Young

1 June 1801–29 Aug. 1877. Carpenter, painter, glazier, colonizer. Born at Whitingham, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of John Young and Abigail (Nabby) Howe. Brought up in Methodist household; later joined Methodist church. Moved to Sherburne, Chenango Co., New...

View Full Bio
; one page; JS, Papers, 1839–1844, Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, Springfield, IL. Includes notations.
Single leaf measuring 7¼ × 5¼ inches (18 × 13 cm) and ruled with fourteen printed horizontal lines. The top, left, and right edges are machine cut, although the right side is now worn. The bottom edge was hand cut. The leaf was folded in half once vertically and once horizontally and was later trifolded—apparently for storage. The document’s verso bears miscellaneous inscriptions, apparently unrelated to the letter, in unidentified handwriting. Staining on the recto and remnants of paper suggest a rectangular label or placard, now missing, was at one time adhered to the bottom of the letter.
The letter was presumably received by JS in 1843, but the ensuing custodial history is unknown. In 1935 the Illinois State Historical Library (now Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum) acquired the document from autograph dealer Thomas F. Madigan (1891–1936).
1

See the full bibliographic entry for Brigham Young Letter, 23 Oct. 1843, in the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum catalog.


Footnotes

  1. [1]

    See the full bibliographic entry for Brigham Young Letter, 23 Oct. 1843, in the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum catalog.

Historical Introduction

On 23 October 1843, in
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Illinois,
Brigham Young

1 June 1801–29 Aug. 1877. Carpenter, painter, glazier, colonizer. Born at Whitingham, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of John Young and Abigail (Nabby) Howe. Brought up in Methodist household; later joined Methodist church. Moved to Sherburne, Chenango Co., New...

View Full Bio
wrote a letter to JS reminding him of a previously contracted loan from Josiah Mainwaring and notifying him that Mainwaring’s wife, Elizabeth Henry Mainwaring, needed some help, presumably financial assistance.
1

Josiah and Elizabeth Mainwaring were born in England in 1817 and 1822, respectively. They married in 1839 and immigrated to the United States in 1842. (Wanamaker, History of Harrison County, Missouri, 565; 1900 U.S. Census, Bethany, Harrison Co., MO, 22A; Black et al., Property Transactions, 4:2501.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Wanamaker, George W. History of Harrison County, Missouri. Topeka, KS: Historical Publishing Co., 1921.

Census (U.S.) / U.S. Bureau of the Census. Population Schedules. Microfilm. FHL.

Black, Susan Easton, Harvey Bischoff Black, and Brandon Plewe. Property Transactions in Nauvoo, Hancock County, Illinois and Surrounding Communities (1839–1859). 7 vols. Wilmington, DE: World Vital Records, 2006.

The previous year, Young—along with
Heber C. Kimball

14 June 1801–22 June 1868. Blacksmith, potter. Born at Sheldon, Franklin Co., Vermont. Son of Solomon Farnham Kimball and Anna Spaulding. Married Vilate Murray, 22 Nov. 1822, at Mendon, Monroe Co., New York. Member of Baptist church at Mendon, 1831. Baptized...

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,
George Miller

25 Nov. 1794–after July 1856. Carpenter, mill operator, lumber dealer, steamboat owner. Born near Stanardsville, Orange Co., Virginia. Son of John Miller and Margaret Pfeiffer. Moved to Augusta Co., Virginia, 1798; to Madison Co., Kentucky, 1806; to Boone...

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, and
Lucien Woodworth

3 Apr. 1799–after 1860. Architect, laborer, carpenter. Born in Thetford, Orange Co., Vermont. Married Phebe Watrous. Moved to Ellisburg, Jefferson Co., New York, by 1830; to Missouri, by 1839; and to Nauvoo, Hancock Co., Illinois, by 1841. Architect of Nauvoo...

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—had borrowed fifty dollars for JS from Josiah Mainwaring, a land owner in Nauvoo.
2

Mainwaring purchased land in Nauvoo on 4 April 1842 and 29 May 1843. (Black et al., Property Transactions, 4:2501–2502.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Black, Susan Easton, Harvey Bischoff Black, and Brandon Plewe. Property Transactions in Nauvoo, Hancock County, Illinois and Surrounding Communities (1839–1859). 7 vols. Wilmington, DE: World Vital Records, 2006.

Young did not reference the loan’s purpose in the letter, but it may have been to keep JS financially secure while he was in
Iowa Territory

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803. First permanent white settlements established, ca. 1833. Organized as territory, 1838, containing all of present-day Iowa, much of present-day Minnesota, and parts of North and South Dakota. Population in...

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avoiding extradition to
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

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in summer 1842.
3

JS, Journal, 11 Aug. 1842.


Mainwaring apparently had the means to loan money. On 17 June 1843, he acted as a surety on a bond from William Parr to JS, meaning that Mainwaring assumed at least partial responsibility for paying a “penal sum of two hundred dollars” if Parr failed to fulfill the conditions of the bond.
4

William Parr et al. to JS as Trustee-in-Trust, Bond, 17 June 1843, JS Collection, CHL.


The nature of the Mainwarings’ relationship with JS or the
church

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

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is unclear. Elizabeth Mainwaring apparently knew
Young

1 June 1801–29 Aug. 1877. Carpenter, painter, glazier, colonizer. Born at Whitingham, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of John Young and Abigail (Nabby) Howe. Brought up in Methodist household; later joined Methodist church. Moved to Sherburne, Chenango Co., New...

View Full Bio
well enough to request that he write JS. Young wrote the letter the day after he returned from a mission to the eastern
United States

North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...

More Info
, where he and other members of the
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles

Members of a governing body in the church, with special administrative and proselytizing responsibilities. A June 1829 revelation commanded Oliver Cowdery and David Whitmer to call twelve disciples, similar to the twelve apostles in the New Testament and ...

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were raising funds for the construction of the
Nauvoo House

Located in lower portion of Nauvoo (the flats) along bank of Mississippi River. JS revelation, dated 19 Jan. 1841, instructed Saints to build boardinghouse for travelers and immigrants. Construction of planned three-story building to be funded by fifty-dollar...

More Info
.
5

While the mission was originally intended to raise money for the Nauvoo House, quorum members also gathered funds for the temple. JS’s journal indicates that Young, Kimball, and George A. Smith returned to Nauvoo on 22 October 1843 around eleven o’clock in the morning. (JS, Journal, 6 Apr. 1843; JS, Journal, 22 Oct. 1843; see also Young, Journal, 22 Oct. 1843.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Young, Brigham. Journals, 1832–1877. Brigham Young Office Files, 1832–1878. CHL. CR 1234 1, boxes 71–73.

Young was ill at the time, so he wrote to JS rather than visiting him in person.
The letter bears neither postage nor an address and was both written and received in
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, so it was likely hand delivered to JS, possibly by Elizabeth Mainwaring. It appears that JS repaid at least some of the loan. From late November to early December 1843,
JS’s store

Located in lower portion of Nauvoo (the flats) along bank of Mississippi River. Completed 1841. Opened for business, 5 Jan. 1842. Owned by JS, but managed mostly by others, after 1842. First floor housed JS’s general store and counting room, where tithing...

More Info
daybooks record a series of cash payments totaling thirty-three dollars to the Mainwarings.
6

JS, Daybook, 25 Nov.–8 Dec. 1843, 91–92.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Smith, Joseph. Daybook, 1842–1844. Iowa Masonic Library, Cedar Rapids. Microfilm copy at CHL.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    Josiah and Elizabeth Mainwaring were born in England in 1817 and 1822, respectively. They married in 1839 and immigrated to the United States in 1842. (Wanamaker, History of Harrison County, Missouri, 565; 1900 U.S. Census, Bethany, Harrison Co., MO, 22A; Black et al., Property Transactions, 4:2501.)

    Wanamaker, George W. History of Harrison County, Missouri. Topeka, KS: Historical Publishing Co., 1921.

    Census (U.S.) / U.S. Bureau of the Census. Population Schedules. Microfilm. FHL.

    Black, Susan Easton, Harvey Bischoff Black, and Brandon Plewe. Property Transactions in Nauvoo, Hancock County, Illinois and Surrounding Communities (1839–1859). 7 vols. Wilmington, DE: World Vital Records, 2006.

  2. [2]

    Mainwaring purchased land in Nauvoo on 4 April 1842 and 29 May 1843. (Black et al., Property Transactions, 4:2501–2502.)

    Black, Susan Easton, Harvey Bischoff Black, and Brandon Plewe. Property Transactions in Nauvoo, Hancock County, Illinois and Surrounding Communities (1839–1859). 7 vols. Wilmington, DE: World Vital Records, 2006.

  3. [3]

    JS, Journal, 11 Aug. 1842.

  4. [4]

    William Parr et al. to JS as Trustee-in-Trust, Bond, 17 June 1843, JS Collection, CHL.

  5. [5]

    While the mission was originally intended to raise money for the Nauvoo House, quorum members also gathered funds for the temple. JS’s journal indicates that Young, Kimball, and George A. Smith returned to Nauvoo on 22 October 1843 around eleven o’clock in the morning. (JS, Journal, 6 Apr. 1843; JS, Journal, 22 Oct. 1843; see also Young, Journal, 22 Oct. 1843.)

    Young, Brigham. Journals, 1832–1877. Brigham Young Office Files, 1832–1878. CHL. CR 1234 1, boxes 71–73.

  6. [6]

    JS, Daybook, 25 Nov.–8 Dec. 1843, 91–92.

    Smith, Joseph. Daybook, 1842–1844. Iowa Masonic Library, Cedar Rapids. Microfilm copy at CHL.

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Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Letter from Brigham Young, 23 October 1843
ID #
6808
Total Pages
2
Print Volume Location
JSP, D13:212–213
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