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Letter from James Adams, 14 March 1843

Source Note

James Adams

24 Jan. 1783–11 Aug. 1843. Lawyer, judge, insurance agent, land speculator. Born at Simsbury, Hartford Co., Connecticut. Son of Parmenio Adams and Chloe. In New York militia, served as ensign, 1805; as lieutenant; as captain, 1807; and as major, 1811–1815...

View Full Bio
, Letter,
Springfield

Settled by 1819. Incorporated as town, 1832. Became capital of Illinois, 1837. Incorporated as city, 1840. Sangamon Co. seat. Population in 1840 about 2,600. Stake of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints organized in Springfield, Nov. 1840; discontinued...

More Info
, Sangamon Co., IL, to JS,
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Hancock Co., IL, 14 Mar. 1843; handwriting and signature of
James Adams

24 Jan. 1783–11 Aug. 1843. Lawyer, judge, insurance agent, land speculator. Born at Simsbury, Hartford Co., Connecticut. Son of Parmenio Adams and Chloe. In New York militia, served as ensign, 1805; as lieutenant; as captain, 1807; and as major, 1811–1815...

View Full Bio
; one page; JS Collection, CHL. Includes address, postal notation, postal stamp, endorsement, and dockets.
Bifolium measuring 11½ × 7½ inches (30 × 19 cm). The letter was trifolded twice in letter style, addressed, sealed with a red adhesive wafer, and postmarked. When the bifolium is folded so that the letter appears on the recto of the first leaf, the address appears on the recto of the second leaf. The letter was later refolded for filing.
The letter was endorsed and docketed by
Willard Richards

24 June 1804–11 Mar. 1854. Teacher, lecturer, doctor, clerk, printer, editor, postmaster. Born at Hopkinton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Joseph Richards and Rhoda Howe. Moved to Richmond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 1813; to Chatham, Columbia Co...

View Full Bio
, who served as JS's scribe from December 1841 until JS’s death in June 1844 and served as church historian from December 1842 until his own death in March 1854.
1

JS, Journal, 13 Dec. 1841 and 21 Dec. 1842; Orson Spencer, “Death of Our Beloved Brother Willard Richards,” Deseret News (Salt Lake City), 16 Mar. 1854, [2].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Deseret News. Salt Lake City. 1850–.

After the letter was refolded for filing, a new docket was added by
Leo Hawkins

19 July 1834–28 May 1859. Clerk, reporter. Born in London. Son of Samuel Harris Hawkins and Charlotte Savage. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by John Banks, 23 Oct. 1848. Immigrated to U.S. with his family; arrived in New Orleans...

View Full Bio
, who served as a clerk in the Church Historian’s Office (later Church Historical Department) from 1853 to 1859.
2

“Obituary of Leo Hawkins,” Millennial Star, 30 July 1859, 21:496–497.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.

An unidentified Historian’s Office clerk also docketed the letter on the verso of the second leaf. The document was listed in an inventory that was produced by the Church Historian’s Office circa 1904.
3

“Letters to and from the Prophet,” ca. 1904, [2], Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.

By 1973 the document had been included in the JS Collection at the Church Historical Department (now CHL).
4

See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection, 1827–1844, in the CHL catalog.


The letter’s early endorsement and dockets, its listing in a circa 1904 inventory, and its later inclusion in the JS Collection indicate continuous institutional custody.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    JS, Journal, 13 Dec. 1841 and 21 Dec. 1842; Orson Spencer, “Death of Our Beloved Brother Willard Richards,” Deseret News (Salt Lake City), 16 Mar. 1854, [2].

    Deseret News. Salt Lake City. 1850–.

  2. [2]

    “Obituary of Leo Hawkins,” Millennial Star, 30 July 1859, 21:496–497.

    Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.

  3. [3]

    “Letters to and from the Prophet,” ca. 1904, [2], Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.

    Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.

  4. [4]

    See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection, 1827–1844, in the CHL catalog.

Historical Introduction

On 14 March 1843, Latter-day Saint
James Adams

24 Jan. 1783–11 Aug. 1843. Lawyer, judge, insurance agent, land speculator. Born at Simsbury, Hartford Co., Connecticut. Son of Parmenio Adams and Chloe. In New York militia, served as ensign, 1805; as lieutenant; as captain, 1807; and as major, 1811–1815...

View Full Bio
wrote from
Springfield

Settled by 1819. Incorporated as town, 1832. Became capital of Illinois, 1837. Incorporated as city, 1840. Sangamon Co. seat. Population in 1840 about 2,600. Stake of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints organized in Springfield, Nov. 1840; discontinued...

More Info
, Illinois, to JS in
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Illinois, informing him about developments of interest to the church in Springfield. An attorney and a judge, Adams was a prominent Springfield citizen with influence and connections in the
Illinois

Became part of Northwest Territory of U.S., 1787. Admitted as state, 1818. Population in 1840 about 480,000. Population in 1845 about 660,000. Plentiful, inexpensive land attracted settlers from northern and southern states. Following expulsion from Missouri...

More Info
capital.
1

Selby, History of Sangamon County, 10; Walgren, “James Adams,” 122.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Selby, Paul, ed. History of Sangamon County. 2 vols. Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois, edited by Newton Bateman and Paul Selby. Chicago: Munsell Publishing, 1912.

Walgren, Kent L. “James Adams: Early Springfield Mormon and Freemason.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 75 (Summer 1982): 121–136.

He was also president of the Springfield
branch

An ecclesiastical organization of church members in a particular locale. A branch was generally smaller than a stake or a conference. Branches were also referred to as churches, as in “the Church of Shalersville.” In general, a branch was led by a presiding...

View Glossary
of the
church

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

View Glossary
.
2

Letter from Abraham C. Hodge and Springfield, IL, Branch, 25 Jan. 1842.


In the letter, Adams described recent attempts in the Illinois legislature to repeal or amend the Nauvoo charter, particularly section 17, which authorized the city’s municipal court to issue writs of
habeas corpus

“Have the body”; a written order from a court of competent jurisdiction commanding anyone having a person in custody to produce such person at a certain time and place and to state the reasons why he or she is being held in custody. The court will determine...

View Glossary
.
3

See Act to Incorporate the City of Nauvoo, 16 Dec. 1840.


Debates surrounding the charter stemmed from criticisms of JS’s use of the provision to avert arrest when
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

More Info
state officials sought to extradite him to Missouri in August 1842.
4

As early as July 1842, former Latter-day Saint John C. Bennett publicly criticized the Nauvoo Municipal Court’s habeas corpus powers, predicting that JS would use the provision to escape arrest. When the court granted JS’s petition for habeas corpus the following month—after officers arrived in Nauvoo with a warrant for his arrest and extradition to Missouri—the issue drew additional critiques in the public press, leading to repeal efforts within the legislature. (“Gen. Bennett’s 4th Letter,” Sangamo Journal [Springfield, IL], 22 July 1842, [2]; JS, Journal, 8 Aug. 1842; see also, for example, “Joe Smith Demanded,” Sangamo Journal, 19 Aug. 1842, [2]; and News Item, Illinois State Register [Springfield], 20 Jan. 1843, [3].)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Sangamo Journal. Springfield, IL. 1831–1847.

Daily Illinois State Register. Springfield, IL. 1855–1891.

In addition, Adams informed JS that
John C. Bennett

3 Aug. 1804–5 Aug. 1867. Physician, minister, poultry breeder. Born at Fairhaven, Bristol Co., Massachusetts. Son of John Bennett and Abigail Cook. Moved to Marietta, Washington Co., Ohio, 1808; to Massachusetts, 1812; and back to Marietta, 1822. Married ...

View Full Bio
was communicating with Missouri and Illinois officials to renew efforts to have JS extradited to Missouri and be tried for crimes allegedly committed during the 1838 conflict between Latter-day Saints and their antagonists in Missouri.
Adams

24 Jan. 1783–11 Aug. 1843. Lawyer, judge, insurance agent, land speculator. Born at Simsbury, Hartford Co., Connecticut. Son of Parmenio Adams and Chloe. In New York militia, served as ensign, 1805; as lieutenant; as captain, 1807; and as major, 1811–1815...

View Full Bio
mailed the 14 March 1843 letter on 17 March. It arrived in
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
presumably within a few days.
Willard Richards

24 June 1804–11 Mar. 1854. Teacher, lecturer, doctor, clerk, printer, editor, postmaster. Born at Hopkinton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Joseph Richards and Rhoda Howe. Moved to Richmond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 1813; to Chatham, Columbia Co...

View Full Bio
added an endorsement noting a request mentioned in the letter from
Justin Butterfield

1790–Oct. 1855. Teacher, lawyer. Born in Keene, Cheshire Co., New Hampshire. Moved to Watertown, Jefferson Co., New York, ca. 1810, where he taught school and studied law. Admitted to bar, 1812, at Watertown. Practiced law in Adams, Jefferson Co., and Sackets...

View Full Bio
for a subscription to the Wasp and Times and Seasons newspapers. No response from JS has been located, perhaps because Adams indicated that he intended to be in Nauvoo in early April 1843.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    Selby, History of Sangamon County, 10; Walgren, “James Adams,” 122.

    Selby, Paul, ed. History of Sangamon County. 2 vols. Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois, edited by Newton Bateman and Paul Selby. Chicago: Munsell Publishing, 1912.

    Walgren, Kent L. “James Adams: Early Springfield Mormon and Freemason.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 75 (Summer 1982): 121–136.

  2. [2]

    Letter from Abraham C. Hodge and Springfield, IL, Branch, 25 Jan. 1842.

  3. [3]

    See Act to Incorporate the City of Nauvoo, 16 Dec. 1840.

  4. [4]

    As early as July 1842, former Latter-day Saint John C. Bennett publicly criticized the Nauvoo Municipal Court’s habeas corpus powers, predicting that JS would use the provision to escape arrest. When the court granted JS’s petition for habeas corpus the following month—after officers arrived in Nauvoo with a warrant for his arrest and extradition to Missouri—the issue drew additional critiques in the public press, leading to repeal efforts within the legislature. (“Gen. Bennett’s 4th Letter,” Sangamo Journal [Springfield, IL], 22 July 1842, [2]; JS, Journal, 8 Aug. 1842; see also, for example, “Joe Smith Demanded,” Sangamo Journal, 19 Aug. 1842, [2]; and News Item, Illinois State Register [Springfield], 20 Jan. 1843, [3].)

    Sangamo Journal. Springfield, IL. 1831–1847.

    Daily Illinois State Register. Springfield, IL. 1855–1891.

Page [1]

City of
Springfield

Settled by 1819. Incorporated as town, 1832. Became capital of Illinois, 1837. Incorporated as city, 1840. Sangamon Co. seat. Population in 1840 about 2,600. Stake of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints organized in Springfield, Nov. 1840; discontinued...

More Info
March 14th 1843.
Genl Joseph Smith.
You no doubt have before this had information relative to the result of the numerous attempts to destroy your charter
The final attempt was made about two hours before the adjournment Sine die, and in the Senate received its veto. Your members all behaved manfully in sustaining it
1

During its thirteenth general assembly, the Illinois state legislature debated several times regarding the repeal of the Nauvoo charter or the amendment of section 17, the habeas corpus provision. The legislators assigned to Hancock County, Illinois—representatives William Smith (JS’s brother) and Thomas Owen and Senator Jacob C. Davis—successfully defended the charter from the repeal efforts. Although a bill repealing the offending provision of the charter passed the house on 3 March 1843, the state senate failed to act on the measure before the legislative session closed on 6 March. (JS, Journal, 9–20 Dec. 1842; 8 Feb. and 4 Mar. 1843; Journal of the Senate . . . of Illinois, 10 Dec. 1842, 55–56; 23 Feb. 1843, 412; 4 and 6 Mar. 1843, 515, 533; News Item, Illinois State Register [Springfield], 20 Jan. 1843, [3]; “House of Representatives,” Wasp, 9 July 1842, [2]; 15 Mar. 1843, [2]; see also Act to Incorporate the City of Nauvoo, 16 Dec. 1840.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Journal of the Senate of the Thirteenth General Assembly of the State of Illinois, at Their Regular Session, Begun and Held at Springfield, December 5, 1842. Springfield, IL: William Walters, 1842.

Daily Illinois State Register. Springfield, IL. 1855–1891.

The Wasp. Nauvoo, IL. Apr. 1842–Apr. 1843.

I am informed that the
Gove[r]nor

5 Dec. 1800–3 Nov. 1850. Schoolteacher, newspaperman, lawyer, politician, judge, author. Born in Uniontown, Fayette Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Robert Ford and Elizabeth Logue Forquer. Moved to St. Louis, 1804; to New Design (later American Bottom), Randolph...

View Full Bio
2

Thomas Ford.


has received a letter from
[John C.] Bennett

3 Aug. 1804–5 Aug. 1867. Physician, minister, poultry breeder. Born at Fairhaven, Bristol Co., Massachusetts. Son of John Bennett and Abigail Cook. Moved to Marietta, Washington Co., Ohio, 1808; to Massachusetts, 1812; and back to Marietta, 1822. Married ...

View Full Bio
stating that
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

More Info
are prepareing to send for you again. This is however
Bennett

3 Aug. 1804–5 Aug. 1867. Physician, minister, poultry breeder. Born at Fairhaven, Bristol Co., Massachusetts. Son of John Bennett and Abigail Cook. Moved to Marietta, Washington Co., Ohio, 1808; to Massachusetts, 1812; and back to Marietta, 1822. Married ...

View Full Bio
s word for it.
3

Following his May 1842 excommunication from the church, Bennett worked with Missouri officials to have JS extradited to Missouri for his alleged complicity in the May 1842 assassination attempt on former governor Lilburn W. Boggs. In early January 1843, the United States Circuit Court for the District of Illinois ruled that the extradition attempt was unlawful and discharged JS from arrest. Upon learning of JS’s discharge, Bennett again communicated with Missouri citizens in order to have a grand jury convened in Daviess County, Missouri, to indict JS for allegedly committing treason in 1838, after which Missouri governor Thomas Reynolds was expected to initiate a new extradition attempt. (Court Ruling, 5 Jan. 1843; Letter to Justin Butterfield, 16 Jan. 1843; “Part 4: June–July 1843.”)


William [Smith]

13 Mar. 1811–13 Nov. 1893. Farmer, newspaper editor. Born at Royalton, Windsor Co., Vermont. Son of Joseph Smith Sr. and Lucy Mack. Moved to Lebanon, Grafton Co., New Hampshire, 1811; to Norwich, Windsor Co., 1813; and to Palmyra, Ontario Co., New York, 1816...

View Full Bio
says he shall start for home in about one week, he is well, his
wife

22 Jan. 1814–22 May 1845. Born in Windsor, Broome Co., New York. Daughter of Joshua Grant and Athalia Howard. Married William Smith, 14 Feb. 1833, likely in Erie Co., New York. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1833. Became seriously...

View Full Bio
is as well as it is reasonable to expect.
4

Adams was likely referring to Caroline Grant Smith’s suffering from dropsy, or edema, a painful ailment that made travel difficult. (“Funeral of Mrs. Caroline Smith,” Times and Seasons, 1 June 1845, 6:920; see also Walker, William B. Smith, 153–154.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

Walker, Kyle R. William B. Smith: In the Shadow of a Prophet. Salt Lake City: Greg Kofford Books, 2015.

I expect to be at
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
about the 6th of April
5

Adams likely hoped to attend the special church conference that was scheduled to start on 6 April 1843, though he was apparently not able to travel to Nauvoo until June 1843. (See Minutes and Discourses, 6–7 Apr. 1843; Letter from James Adams, 27 Apr. 1843; and JS, Journal, 23 June 1843.)


Our friend
Justin Butterfield

1790–Oct. 1855. Teacher, lawyer. Born in Keene, Cheshire Co., New Hampshire. Moved to Watertown, Jefferson Co., New York, ca. 1810, where he taught school and studied law. Admitted to bar, 1812, at Watertown. Practiced law in Adams, Jefferson Co., and Sackets...

View Full Bio
requested me to say that he wished the Wasp & the Times & Seasons forwarded to him, directed to
Chicago

Settled by Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, 1779. U.S. Fort Dearborn established, 1804. Town organized, 10 Aug. 1832. Incorporated as city, May 1837. Population in 1837 about 4,200; in 1840 about 4,500; and in 1844 about 11,000. Twenty-six members of Church ...

More Info
Post Office.
6

A Chicago attorney, Butterfield represented JS before the United States Circuit Court for the District of Illinois in early January 1843, when JS sought release from arrest after Missouri officials attempted to extradite him to Missouri. The Wasp was a Nauvoo newspaper devoted to secular issues, while the Times and Seasons focused on the church. (See Historical Introduction to Letter from Justin Butterfield, 17 Dec. 1842; and Crawley, Descriptive Bibliography, 1:91–96, 192–193.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Crawley, Peter. A Descriptive Bibliography of the Mormon Church. 3 vols. Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1997–2012.

I am &c
J[ames] Adams

24 Jan. 1783–11 Aug. 1843. Lawyer, judge, insurance agent, land speculator. Born at Simsbury, Hartford Co., Connecticut. Son of Parmenio Adams and Chloe. In New York militia, served as ensign, 1805; as lieutenant; as captain, 1807; and as major, 1811–1815...

View Full Bio
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Document Information

Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Letter from James Adams, 14 March 1843
ID #
1013
Total Pages
4
Print Volume Location
JSP, D12:46–49
Handwriting on This Page
  • James Adams

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    During its thirteenth general assembly, the Illinois state legislature debated several times regarding the repeal of the Nauvoo charter or the amendment of section 17, the habeas corpus provision. The legislators assigned to Hancock County, Illinois—representatives William Smith (JS’s brother) and Thomas Owen and Senator Jacob C. Davis—successfully defended the charter from the repeal efforts. Although a bill repealing the offending provision of the charter passed the house on 3 March 1843, the state senate failed to act on the measure before the legislative session closed on 6 March. (JS, Journal, 9–20 Dec. 1842; 8 Feb. and 4 Mar. 1843; Journal of the Senate . . . of Illinois, 10 Dec. 1842, 55–56; 23 Feb. 1843, 412; 4 and 6 Mar. 1843, 515, 533; News Item, Illinois State Register [Springfield], 20 Jan. 1843, [3]; “House of Representatives,” Wasp, 9 July 1842, [2]; 15 Mar. 1843, [2]; see also Act to Incorporate the City of Nauvoo, 16 Dec. 1840.)

    Journal of the Senate of the Thirteenth General Assembly of the State of Illinois, at Their Regular Session, Begun and Held at Springfield, December 5, 1842. Springfield, IL: William Walters, 1842.

    Daily Illinois State Register. Springfield, IL. 1855–1891.

    The Wasp. Nauvoo, IL. Apr. 1842–Apr. 1843.

  2. [2]

    Thomas Ford.

  3. [3]

    Following his May 1842 excommunication from the church, Bennett worked with Missouri officials to have JS extradited to Missouri for his alleged complicity in the May 1842 assassination attempt on former governor Lilburn W. Boggs. In early January 1843, the United States Circuit Court for the District of Illinois ruled that the extradition attempt was unlawful and discharged JS from arrest. Upon learning of JS’s discharge, Bennett again communicated with Missouri citizens in order to have a grand jury convened in Daviess County, Missouri, to indict JS for allegedly committing treason in 1838, after which Missouri governor Thomas Reynolds was expected to initiate a new extradition attempt. (Court Ruling, 5 Jan. 1843; Letter to Justin Butterfield, 16 Jan. 1843; “Part 4: June–July 1843.”)

  4. [4]

    Adams was likely referring to Caroline Grant Smith’s suffering from dropsy, or edema, a painful ailment that made travel difficult. (“Funeral of Mrs. Caroline Smith,” Times and Seasons, 1 June 1845, 6:920; see also Walker, William B. Smith, 153–154.)

    Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

    Walker, Kyle R. William B. Smith: In the Shadow of a Prophet. Salt Lake City: Greg Kofford Books, 2015.

  5. [5]

    Adams likely hoped to attend the special church conference that was scheduled to start on 6 April 1843, though he was apparently not able to travel to Nauvoo until June 1843. (See Minutes and Discourses, 6–7 Apr. 1843; Letter from James Adams, 27 Apr. 1843; and JS, Journal, 23 June 1843.)

  6. [6]

    A Chicago attorney, Butterfield represented JS before the United States Circuit Court for the District of Illinois in early January 1843, when JS sought release from arrest after Missouri officials attempted to extradite him to Missouri. The Wasp was a Nauvoo newspaper devoted to secular issues, while the Times and Seasons focused on the church. (See Historical Introduction to Letter from Justin Butterfield, 17 Dec. 1842; and Crawley, Descriptive Bibliography, 1:91–96, 192–193.)

    Crawley, Peter. A Descriptive Bibliography of the Mormon Church. 3 vols. Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1997–2012.

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