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Letter from John Cowan, 31 May 1844

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Letter from John Cowan, 31 May 1844

Source Note

, Letter, , New York Co., NY, to JS, , Hancock Co., IL, 31 May 1844; handwriting and signature of ; two pages; JS Collection, CHL. Includes address, docket, use marks, notation, and archival marking.
Bifolium measuring 10 × 8 inches (25 × 20 cm). The upper left corner of the first page bears an illegible octagonal embossment. The letter was trifolded twice in letter style, addressed, and sealed with a red adhesive wafer, remnants of which are on both sides of the second leaf. The document was later refolded for filing.
The letter was docketed by , who served as JS’s scribe from 1843 to 1844 and as clerk to the church historian and recorder from 1845 to 1865. The document was listed in an inventory that was produced by the Church Historian’s Office (later Church Historical Department) circa 1904. By 1973 the document had been included in the JS Collection at the Church Historical Department (now CHL). The document’s early docket, its listing in the circa 1904 inventory, and its later inclusion in the JS Collection indicate continuous institutional custody.

Footnotes

  1. Jessee, “Writing of Joseph Smith’s History,” 456, 458; Woodruff, Journal, 22 Jan. 1865.

    Jessee, Dean C. “The Writing of Joseph Smith’s History.” BYU Studies 11 (Summer 1971): 439–473.

    Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

  2. “Letters to and from the Prophet,” ca. 1904, [3], Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.

    Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.

  3. See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection, 1827–1844, in the CHL catalog.

Historical Introduction

On 31 May 1844, wrote from to JS in , Illinois, regarding political matters involving JS and the . Cowan, who was not a member of the church, had known JS for more than a year when he wrote this letter. In February 1843 Cowan helped broker the sale of many lots in the small town of , Illinois, twenty-five miles northeast of Nauvoo, to JS for a proposed settlement of Saints. Two months later JS appointed Cowan to be one of his aides-de-camp in the . Yet some church leaders were suspicious of Cowan and his intentions. During a September 1843 meeting in , warned that Cowan was attempting to swindle church members out of their money by promoting the settlement at Shokokon, which Young regarded as “a perfect swamp” that was “not fit for a settlement.”
For unknown reasons and perhaps with JS’s approval, between January and May 1844, discussed the Latter-day Saint expulsion from in 1838–1839 and redress for the Saints with various national political leaders, including presidential candidate , president , and congressman . In a 23 January letter to JS, Cowan reported on his meeting with Henry Clay. Several months later, on 31 May, he wrote the featured letter to JS reporting on his additional political activities. Following a meeting with President Tyler, Cowan evidently attended the Democratic National Convention in , where he met with Congressman Douglas as well as Latter-day Saint delegates , , and . While JS and others had evidently concluded that the federal government would not assist the Saints in obtaining redress for their expulsion from Missouri, Cowan expressed, or at least feigned, optimism about the prospects of the Saints obtaining redress. He also indicated that he thought the Saints could persuade the government to commission JS in the army, for which they had been petitioning Congress and the president. Cowan emphasized his meeting with Douglas, arguing, likely incorrectly, that the Illinois congressman was the key to securing Tyler’s support for both efforts. Accordingly, Cowan urged the Saints to support Douglas’s 1844 reelection to the House of Representatives. This effort to secure the Latter-day Saint vote for Douglas may have been Cowan’s primary reason for writing to JS.
presumably sent this letter to JS on the same date that it was written or shortly thereafter. Although Cowan stated that he would have this letter franked—or marked to indicate that the postage had been paid or did not need to be paid—the lack of a frank and other postal marks on the letter suggests that it was sent to JS by an unspecified courier rather than through the postal service. Because of difficulties in getting mail into or out of in mid- to late June 1844, this letter was likely not received in Nauvoo until sometime after late June or even early July 1844. Therefore, JS likely did not receive this letter before his death in late June.

Footnotes

  1. Historical Introduction to Deed from Robert and Mary Crane McQueen, 20 Feb. 1843.

  2. JS, Journal, 15 and 18 Apr. 1843.

  3. Boston Conference, Minutes, 11 Sept. 1843, 23, Historian’s Office, Minutes and Reports (Local Units), 1840–1886, CHL.

    Historian’s Office. Minutes and Reports, 1840–1886. CHL.

  4. Letter from John Cowan, 23 Jan. 1844.

  5. Council of Fifty, “Record,” 11 Apr. 1844; Letter from Orson Hyde, 9 June 1844. Beginning in 1839 the Saints made several attempts to petition Congress and the United States president for redress for their property and financial losses in Missouri. Each of these efforts was unsuccessful. Additionally, JS’s correspondence with key national leaders like Clay furthered the pessimism of Latter-day Saint leaders toward the idea that they would secure redress from the government. (“Joseph Smith Documents from September 1839 through January 1841”; Letter to John C. Calhoun, 4 Nov. 1843; Letter from Henry Clay, 15 Nov. 1843; Letter from John C. Calhoun, 2 Dec. 1843; Letter from Lewis Cass, 9 Dec. 1843; Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, ca. 16 Dec. 1843–12 Feb. 1844; Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, ca. 24–26 Mar. 1844.)

  6. Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, ca. 24–26 Mar. 1844; JS, Memorial to the President of the United States of America, 30 Mar. 1844, draft, JS Collection, CHL.

  7. Heavy rains throughout the month made mail delivery difficult in Nauvoo and the rest of Hancock County. Additionally, tensions in Hancock County during mid-June 1844 caused JS to consider different ways of sending letters to Brigham Young and the other members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, including having individuals carry those letters to different locations by way of the Illinois River and the Mississippi River before mailing them. (Bathsheba Bigler Smith, Nauvoo, IL, to George A. Smith, Boston, MA, 15 June 1844, George Albert Smith, Papers, CHL; Mary Ann Angell Young, Nauvoo, IL, to Brigham Young, 30 June 1844, Brigham Young Office Files, CHL; Letter to Brigham Young, 17 and 20 June 1844; Vilate Murray Kimball, Nauvoo, IL, to Heber C. Kimball, Baltimore, MD, 9, 11, and 24 June 1844, [4], Kimball Family Correspondence, CHL.)

    Smith, George Albert. Papers, 1834–1877. CHL. MS 1322.

    Brigham Young Office. Halsted, Haines & Co. File, 1867. CHL.

    Kimball Family Correspondence, 1838–1871. CHL. MS 6241.

I seen the Mormon— delegatine [delegation] that is — & — in also our old mutual friend —
Your petition to congress— to raise a hundred thousand men creates quite an Excitement throughout the Count[r]y
Your views upon the & — question— are quite popular in this Country— They begin to say now— Joe Smith is no fool after all— I say— I could have told them that long ago— if they had asked me the question— I shall send this letter to and make some one Frank it— will write you in a few days again—
Your’s respectfully
— [1/4 page blank] [p. [2]]
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Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Letter from John Cowan, 31 May 1844
ID #
1375
Total Pages
4
Print Volume Location
Handwriting on This Page
  • John Cowan

Footnotes

  1. According to JS’s journal, during a “general meeting” on 23 April 1844, Hyde, Pratt, and Hollister were appointed delegates to the “Baltimor[e] conventi[o]n” on the “1st monday may.” However, the journal does not specify whether this convention was the Whig National Convention (which convened on 1 May rather than the first Monday in May) or the Democratic National Convention (27–30 May), both of which were held in Baltimore. An article in the Philadelphia Public Ledger clarifies that they were appointed to the Democratic National Convention. Hyde and Pratt were in Washington DC at the time of their appointment. Hollister arrived in Baltimore on 4 May 1844. Hyde and Pratt evidently arrived in Baltimore and met with Hollister sometime between 4 and 31 May, when Cowan wrote this letter. (JS, Journal, 23 Apr. 1844; Clayton, Journal, 23 Apr. 1844; “Public Meeting,” Nauvoo Neighbor, 24 Apr. 1844, [2]; “Whig National Convention,” Daily National Intelligencer [Washington DC], 2 May 1844, [2]; “The Democratic National Convention,” Daily National Intelligencer, 1 June 1844, [3]; “Democratic National Convention,” Weekly Ohio Statesman [Columbus], 5 June 1844, [2]; “Mormon Politicians,” Public Ledger [Philadelphia], 17 May 1844, [2]; Letter from Orson Hyde, 25 Apr. 1844; Letter from David S. Hollister, 9 May 1844.)

    Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.

    Nauvoo Neighbor. Nauvoo, IL. 1843–1845.

    Daily National Intelligencer. Washington DC. 1800–1869.

    Weekly Ohio Statesman. Columbus, OH. 1837–1846.

    Public Ledger. Philadelphia. 1836–1925.

  2. Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, ca. 24–26 Mar. 1844. Illinois senator James Semple presented the memorial to the Senate on 6 May 1844. Illinois representative John Wentworth presented the memorial to the House of Representatives on 25 May 1844. The New York Herald noted that the memorial was read “amid roars of laughter all round the House.” (JS, Journal, 31 Mar. 1844; Congressional Globe, 28th Cong., 1st Sess., p. 575 [1844]; “Twenty-Eighth Congress. First Session,” New York Herald [New York City], 27 May 1844, [3]–[4].)

    The Congressional Globe, Containing Sketches of the Debates and Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Congress. Vol. 8. Washington DC: Blair and Rives, 1840.

    New York Herald. New York City. 1835–1924.

  3. Fueled by the pervading ideology of Manifest Destiny, the annexations of Texas and Oregon were among the most critical national issues during the presidential election of 1844. In his Views of the Powers and Policy of the Government of the United States, JS declared that “Oregon belongs to this government honorably, and when we have the red man’s consent, let the union spread from the east to the west sea; and if Texas petitions Congress to be adopted among the sons of liberty, give her the right hand of fellowship.” James K. Polk, the eventual president-elect, built his campaign and inaugural address around support for the annexation of Texas and the idea that “Our title to the country of Oregon is clear and unquestionable.” (General Smith’s Views of the Powers and Policy of the Government of the United States, ca. 26 Jan.–7 Feb. 1844; Greenberg, Wicked War, 35, 55, 62.)

    Greenberg, Amy S. A Wicked War: Polk, Clay, Lincoln, and the 1846 U.S. Invasion of Mexico. New York: Knopf, 2012.

  4. No such letter is known.

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