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Letter to Brigham Young, 17 and 20 June 1844

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Letter to Brigham Young, 17 and 20 June 1844

Source Note

[and JS], Letter, , Hancock Co., IL, to , , Suffolk Co., MA, 17 and 20 June 1844. Featured version drafted 17 and 20 June 1844; handwriting of and ; three pages; JS Collection, CHL. Includes dockets, redaction, use marks, and notations.
Bifolium measuring 9⅝ × 7¾ inches (24 × 20 cm). The upper left corner of the first page bears an illegible rectangular embossment. inscribed a notation on the verso of the second leaf. The letter was trifolded twice in letter style and was later refolded for filing.
The document was docketed by , who served as a clerk for JS in 1844. Sometime after the letter’s creation, , who served as JS’s scribe from December 1841 until JS’s death in June 1844 and served as church historian from December 1842 until his own death in March 1854, made additional notations on the document, presumably in preparation for its eventual inclusion in JS’s history. It was docketed again by , who served as JS’s scribe from 1843 to 1844 and as clerk to the church historian and recorder from 1845 to 1865. The graphite notation “A.J” was added to the document by Andrew Jenson, who began working in the Church Historian’s Office (later Church Historical Department) in 1891 and served as assistant church historian from 1897 to 1941. By 1973 the document had been included in the JS Collection at the Church Historical Department (now CHL). The document’s early dockets and use marks, its incorporation into JS’s history, its notations, and its later inclusion in the JS Collection indicate continuous institutional custody.

Footnotes

  1. See JS History, vol. F-1, 133; Nauvoo Registry of Deeds, Record of Deeds, bk. B, pp. 213–214; Source Note for Ordinance, 10 June 1844; and Source Note for Military Order to Jonathan Dunham, 10 June 1844.

  2. Historian’s Office, JS History, Draft Notes, 17 June 1844, 63; JS History, vol. F-1, 110; see also JS, Journal, 13 Dec. 1841 and 21 Dec. 1842; and Orson Spencer, “Death of Our Beloved Brother Willard Richards,” Deseret News (Salt Lake City), 16 Mar. 1854, [2].

    Deseret News. Salt Lake City. 1850–.

  3. Jessee, “Writing of Joseph Smith’s History,” 456, 458; Woodruff, Journal, 22 Jan. 1865.

    Jessee, Dean C. “The Writing of Joseph Smith’s History.” BYU Studies 11 (Summer 1971): 439–473.

    Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

  4. Jenson, Autobiography, 192, 389; Cannon, Journal, 9 Feb. 1891; Jenson, Journal, 9 Feb. 1891 and 19 Oct. 1897; Bitton and Arrington, Mormons and Their Historians, 47–52.

    Jenson, Andrew. Autobiography of Andrew Jenson: Assistant Historian of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. . . . Salt Lake City: Deseret News Press, 1938.

    Cannon, George Q. Journals, 1855–1864, 1872–1901. CHL. CR 850 1.

    Jenson, Andrew. Journals, 1864–1941. Andrew Jenson, Autobiography and Journals, 1864–1941. CHL.

    Bitton, David, and Leonard J. Arrington. Mormons and Their Historians. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1988.

  5. See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection, 1827–1844, in the CHL catalog.

Historical Introduction

On 17 June 1844, dictated a letter in , Hancock County, Illinois, to in , also intended for the other members of the , informing him of mounting tensions in the and encouraging him and the other apostles to return to Nauvoo without delay. Three days after he wrote the letter, the valediction and his signature were canceled, and JS apparently dictated some further information apprising Young that the danger had escalated during the intervening days.
, the president of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, was in the eastern states campaigning for JS’s presidential run, as were most of his fellow apostles. Young began this mission on 21 May 1844, leaving in company with , , and . When the group reached , Kimball, Smith, and Wight broke off to travel on toward . Young participated in a in Pittsburgh with apostle , who was living there, but afterward left Page in Pittsburgh and made his way to , where he arrived on 16 June.
Although challenges emerged in before ’s departure from , conditions significantly deteriorated after the 10 June destruction of the press of the Nauvoo Expositor. Hancock County citizens who opposed the condemned the destruction of the press and resolved to secure “revenge for the repeated insults and injuries” they believed they had endured at the hands of the Saints. They also urged violence against the Saints and their leaders. Responding to these threats, determined to inform Young and the other apostles in the eastern states of the escalating situation and ask them to return home.
On 17 June, engaged to help him draft the featured letter to . Smith dictated details on some of the ominous developments, including the threats of violence. He also requested that the apostles and other church from return immediately and that they bring with them guns, gunpowder, and ammunition. This letter to Young may have been intended to serve as a template for letters to each of the apostles. On the final page of this draft, wrote a list of the names of the apostles and their locations; Richards’s list also includes , a counselor in the who was campaigning for JS in , and , one of Nauvoo’s , who was campaigning for JS in Kentucky. It is unclear if any copies were made, as the letter addressed to Young is the only extant version of the letter.
Not settled on calling them home, JS advised against sending the letter to “at present.” Accordingly, the letter addressed to Young, as well as any copies to other church leaders that might have been drawn up, was not sent on 17 June. However, as soon as 18 June, only a day later, heard rumors that JS was sending letters to the apostles to instruct them to return immediately to . Since Kimball was contemplating traveling east to spend the summer with her husband, apostle , she approached JS to ask him if he was going to send for the apostles. JS confirmed that he was and explained that “there was a prospect of trouble” and that he wanted Heber Kimball and the other apostles back in Nauvoo to help manage affairs for the duration of the crisis. JS felt assured the apostles would also want to be there amid the troubles.
Circumstances further deteriorated, and on 20 June, JS apparently dictated an additional paragraph for the letter to inform the apostles that the situation in the was worsening and that appeals for help had been written to governor and president . This final paragraph is in the handwriting of , who often served as a scribe for JS. An unknown scribe later added JS’s signature to the letter in graphite, presumably indicating that the final paragraph was inscribed at JS’s direction. It is unclear whether the deletion of ’s signature and the intended insertion of JS’s signature suggest that the letter was to be sent from both JS and Hyrum or from JS alone. It is uncertain whether a fair copy of this letter was created.
Heavy rains and the tension in and around following the destruction of the Expositor’s press made it almost impossible to mail letters from the city. There is evidence that JS intended to have church member mail the letter to , and possibly copies of the letter addressed to other church leaders, after traveling to some unspecified location by way of the , but by 21 June plans changed. wrote to her that had informed her that a messenger had just been dispatched “with letters to all the twelve to come amedialely [immediately] home, and fetch all the forse [force] with them, that they could raze.” The plan now, she explained, was to have the messenger post the mail from . But the following day, informed Kimball that plans had again changed “and the mesenger did not go.” While a fair copy may have been prepared in addition to this draft, it seems that the letter to Young was never sent, nor was a similar letter to any other of the apostles in the East.

Footnotes

  1. JS, Journal, 20 June 1844.

  2. JS, Journal, 21 May 1844; Young, Journal, 21, 23, and 26 May 1844; 1, 8, and 12–16 June 1844; Brigham Young, [Albany, NY], to Mary Ann Angell Young, Nauvoo, IL, 12 and 14 June 1844, CHL; Letter from Lyman Wight and Heber C. Kimball, 19, 21, and 24 June 1844; “History of John E. Page,” ca. 1857–1858, Historian’s Office, Histories of the Twelve, CHL. The apostles departed Nauvoo for St. Louis, traveled from there to Cincinnati, and then went on to Pittsburgh. When Young left Pittsburgh, he made his way to Kirtland, Ohio, and preached in the temple, after which he journeyed to Boston via New York, specifically Buffalo, Albany, and New York City.

    Young, Brigham. Journals, 1832–1877. Brigham Young Office Files, 1832–1878. CHL. CR 1234 1, boxes 71–73.

    Young, Brigham. Letter, [Albany, NY], to Mary Ann Angell Young, Nauvoo, IL, 12 and 14 June 1844. CHL.

    Historian’s Office. Histories of the Twelve, 1856–1858, 1861. CHL. CR 100 93.

  3. See Discourse, 24 Mar. 1844–A; and JS, Journal, 10 June 1844.

  4. Warsaw (IL) Signal, Extra, 14 June 1844, [1].

    Warsaw Signal. Warsaw, IL. 1841–1853.

  5. Clayton, Journal, 17 June 1844.

    Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.

  6. Historian’s Office, JS History, Draft Notes, 17 June 1844, 63; JS, Journal, 17 June 1844.

  7. Vilate Murray Kimball, Nauvoo, IL, to Heber C. Kimball, Baltimore, MD, 9, 11, and 24 June 1844, [4], Kimball Family Correspondence, CHL.

    Kimball Family Correspondence, 1838–1871. CHL. MS 6241.

  8. A revision to the first portion of the letter seems to further attribute the letter to JS alone: “It is thought best 〈by〉 by brother Joseph and myself, and others, for you to return without delay.”

  9. The graphite inscriptions on this draft of the letter suggest that Jonathan Grimshaw used this draft, rather than a fair copy, to transcribe the text of this letter into JS’s history in 1856. (JS History, vol. F-1, 110; Historical Introduction to History, 1838–1856, vol. F-1.)

  10. Writing to her husband on 15 June, Bathsheba Bigler Smith explained that “the roads have been so bad the bridges are most all washed a way,” making travel throughout Hancock County difficult and slowing the mail. Two weeks later Mary Ann Angell Young wrote a letter to her husband explaining that she had written a letter to him three weeks earlier but had been “without eny chance to send it” because the Nauvoo mail had “been stop[p]ed,” presumably by the mob. (Bathsheba Bigler Smith, Nauvoo, IL, to George A. Smith, Boston, MA, 15 June 1844, [1], George Albert Smith, Papers, CHL; Mary Ann Angell Young, Nauvoo, IL, to Brigham Young, 30 June 1844, Brigham Young Office Files, CHL.)

    Smith, George Albert. Papers, 1834–1877. CHL. MS 1322.

    Brigham Young Office Files, 1832–1878. CHL. CR 1234 1.

  11. JS, Journal, 17 June 1844; Historian’s Office, JS History, Draft Notes, 20 June 1844, 69.

  12. Vilate Murray Kimball, Nauvoo, IL, to Heber C. Kimball, Baltimore, MD, 9, 11, and 24 June 1844, [4], Kimball Family Correspondence, CHL.

    Kimball Family Correspondence, 1838–1871. CHL. MS 6241.

Asterisk (*) denotes a "featured" version, which includes an introduction and annotation. *Letter to Brigham Young, 17 and 20 June 1844 History, 1838–1856, volume F-1 [1 May 1844–8 August 1844] “History of Joseph Smith”
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Document Information

Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Letter to Brigham Young, 17 and 20 June 1844
ID #
1416
Total Pages
4
Print Volume Location
Handwriting on This Page
  • Willard Richards

Footnotes

  1. The following notation is in the handwriting of Willard Richards. For another copy of this list, see Location of the Twelve Apostles, ca. 20 June 1844, JS Office Papers, CHL.

  2. George A. Smith was likely supposed to attend a church conference scheduled to be held at Peterborough, New Hampshire, on 13 and 14 July 1844. Rather than continuing to New Hampshire, however, he started home from Michigan in mid-June, carrying correspondence from Wilford Woodruff to Phebe Carter Woodruff. (“General Conferences in the United States, for 1844,” Times and Seasons, 15 Apr. 1844, 5:507; Woodruff, Journal, 17–18 June 1844; George A. Smith, Journal, 17 June 1844; see also Appointment for General Conferences Commencing May 4, 1844, JS Office Papers, CHL.)

    Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

    Smith, George A. Journal, 22 Feb. 1841–10 Mar. 1845. George Albert Smith, Papers, 1834–1877. CHL. MS 1322, box 2, fd. 4.

  3. Page wrote to JS from Pittsburgh on 16 April 1844. Evidently, he was previously in Washington DC but was “called home to Pittsburgh on account of his wife’s ill health.” (Letter from John E. Page, 16 Apr. 1844; Letter from Orson Hyde, 25 Apr. 1844.)

  4. Kimball arrived in Washington DC on 2 June 1844. Along with Lyman Wight, Kimball remained in Washington DC until 11 June, when he and Wight left the city to travel to Wilmington, Delaware, and then to Philadelphia. (Kimball, Journal, 2 and 11–13 June 1844; Letter from Lyman Wight and Heber C. Kimball, 19, 21, and 24 June 1844.)

    Kimball, Heber C. Journal, Sept. 1842; May 1844–May 1845. Heber C. Kimball, Papers, 1837–1866. CHL. MS 627, box. 3, fd. 4.

  5. Pratt left Nauvoo for Washington DC on or shortly after 12 March 1844 to deliver a memorial from the Saints to Congress. He arrived in the city sometime before 5 April, when Illinois senator James Semple presented the memorial to Congress. (Authorization for Orson Pratt, 12 Mar. 1844; Congressional Globe, 28th Cong., 1st Sess., p. 482 [1844]; see also Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, ca. 16 Dec. 1843–12 Feb. 1844.)

    The Congressional Globe, Containing Sketches of the Debates and Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Congress. Vol. 8. Washington DC: Blair and Rives, 1840.

  6. On 25 April 1844, JS directed the Saints to hold a convention in Baltimore to nominate him as a candidate for the United States presidency. During a convention in Nauvoo on 17 May, Wight was appointed to be a representative at the nominating convention in Baltimore on 13 July. Accordingly, JS and Willard Richards may have assumed Wight was in Baltimore. At the time this letter was written, however, Wight was in Philadelphia with Kimball. The convention was held on 13 July, but it was “resolved to adjourn sine die” in light of the news of JS’s murder two weeks earlier. (Council of Fifty, “Record,” 25 Apr. 1844; “Minutes of a Convention Held in the City of Nauvoo, Hancock County, Illinois, May 17th, 1844,” Nauvoo Neighbor, 22 May 1844, [2]; Letter from Lyman Wight and Heber C. Kimball, 19, 21, and 24 June 1844; “The Mormon National (Presidential) Convention,” Niles’ National Register [Baltimore], 20 July 1844, 325, italics in original.)

    Nauvoo Neighbor. Nauvoo, IL. 1843–1845.

    Niles’ National Register. Washington DC, 1837–1839; Baltimore, 1839–1848; Philadelphia, 1848–1849.

  7. Woodruff arrived in this area of New York about 19 or 20 June 1844. (Woodruff, Journal, 19–20 June 1844.)

    Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

  8. William Smith moved to Philadelphia in fall 1843 and resided there until early fall 1844. Smith visited Nauvoo in spring 1844, arriving on 22 April and returning to the eastern states in company with Young, Kimball, Wight, and others on 21 May. (Smith, “History of Philadelphia Branch,” 117–118; JS, Journal, 22 Apr. 1844; Letter from Lyman Wight and Heber C. Kimball, 19, 21, and 24 June 1844.)

    Smith, Walter W. “History of Philadelphia Branch.” Journal of History 12 (Jan. 1919): 111–118.

  9. Writing to JS and the Council of Fifty from Washington DC on 26 April 1844, Hyde stated that within days he would leave the city to “get money to sustain ourselves with.” He told JS that “in the mean time, if the counsel have any instructions to give us, we shall be happy to receive them, here or at Philadelphia.” Hyde evidently left for Philadelphia on or around 1 May. (Letter from Orson Hyde, 26 Apr. 1844; Letter from Orson Hyde, 30 Apr. 1844.)

  10. On 17 May 1844, during a convention in Nauvoo, Miller was assigned to campaign for JS in Madison County, Kentucky. (“Minutes of a Convention Held in the City of Nauvoo, Hancock County, Illinois, May 17th, 1844,” Nauvoo Neighbor, 22 May 1844, [2]; George Miller, St. James, MI, to “Dear Brother,” 28 June 1855, in Northern Islander, 6 Sept. 1855, [3]–[4].)

    Nauvoo Neighbor. Nauvoo, IL. 1843–1845.

    Northern Islander. St. James, MI. 1850–1856.

  11. On 29 January 1844, during a meeting of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, JS assigned Pratt to go to New York to campaign on his behalf. (JS, Journal, 29 Jan. 1844.)

  12. Lyman arrived in Cincinnati on 5 June 1844. (Lyman, Journal, 5 June 1844.)

    Lyman, Amasa. Journals, 1832–1877. Amasa Lyman Collection, 1832–1877. CHL. MS 829, boxes 1–3.

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