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Authorization for Orson Pratt, 12 March 1844

Source Note

JS, Authorization,
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Hancock Co., IL, for
Orson Pratt

19 Sept. 1811–3 Oct. 1881. Farmer, writer, teacher, merchant, surveyor, editor, publisher. Born at Hartford, Washington Co., New York. Son of Jared Pratt and Charity Dickinson. Moved to New Lebanon, Columbia Co., New York, 1814; to Canaan, Columbia Co., fall...

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, 12 Mar. 1844. Featured version copied [ca. 12 Mar. 1844]; handwriting of
William W. Phelps

17 Feb. 1792–7 Mar. 1872. Writer, teacher, printer, newspaper editor, publisher, postmaster, lawyer. Born at Hanover, Morris Co., New Jersey. Son of Enon Phelps and Mehitabel Goldsmith. Moved to Homer, Cortland Co., New York, 1800. Married Sally Waterman,...

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; signatures of
Willard Richards

24 June 1804–11 Mar. 1854. Teacher, lecturer, doctor, clerk, printer, editor, postmaster. Born at Hopkinton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Joseph Richards and Rhoda Howe. Moved to Richmond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 1813; to Chatham, Columbia Co...

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and JS; one page; JS Collection, CHL. Includes redactions and dockets.
Single leaf measuring 9⅞ × 7¾ inches (25 × 20 cm). The document is ruled with twenty-seven horizontal lines printed in blue ink. An embossment of “H & E Goodwest Hartford, CT” inside a rectangle appears on the upper left corner of the recto. The authorization was inscribed on the recto of the leaf. The lower left corner of the recto was unevenly hand cut and separated; that excised fragment, which likely contained a representation of the
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
city seal, is not extant. The document contains redactions by
Thomas Bullock

23 Dec. 1816–10 Feb. 1885. Farmer, excise officer, secretary, clerk. Born in Leek, Staffordshire, England. Son of Thomas Bullock and Mary Hall. Married Henrietta Rushton, 25 June 1838. Moved to Ardee, Co. Louth, Ireland, Nov. 1839; to Isle of Anglesey, Aug...

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repurposing the document as an authorization for
Orson Hyde

8 Jan. 1805–28 Nov. 1878. Laborer, clerk, storekeeper, teacher, editor, businessman, lawyer, judge. Born at Oxford, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Nathan Hyde and Sally Thorpe. Moved to Derby, New Haven Co., 1812. Moved to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio, ...

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on 30 March 1844. The document was folded twice horizontally, and dockets and a numerical calculation of unknown origin were inscribed.
The authorization was docketed by
Willard Richards

24 June 1804–11 Mar. 1854. Teacher, lecturer, doctor, clerk, printer, editor, postmaster. Born at Hopkinton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Joseph Richards and Rhoda Howe. Moved to Richmond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 1813; to Chatham, Columbia Co...

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, who served as JS’s scribe from December 1841 until JS’s death in June 1844 and served as church historian from December 1842 until his own death in March 1854.
1

JS, Journal, 13 Dec. 1841 and 21 Dec. 1842; Orson Spencer, “Death of Our Beloved Brother Willard Richards,” Deseret News (Salt Lake City), 16 Mar. 1854, [2].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Deseret News. Salt Lake City. 1850–.

Revisions were made to the docket by Jonathan Grimshaw, who served as a clerk in the Church Historian’s Office (later Church Historical Department) from 1853 to 1856.
2

Historian’s Office, Journal, 7 June 1853; Wilford Woodruff, Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, to George A. Smith, 30 Aug. 1856, in Historian’s Office, Letterpress Copybooks, vol. 1, p. 364.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Historian’s Office. Journal, 1844–1997. CHL. CR 100 1.

Historian’s Office. Letterpress Copybooks, 1854–1879, 1885–1886. CHL. CR 100 38.

By 1973 the document had been included in the JS Collection at the Church Historical Department (now CHL).
3

See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection, 1827–1844, in the CHL catalog.


The document’s early docket with its accompanying revisions and its later inclusion in the JS Collection suggest continuous institutional custody.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    JS, Journal, 13 Dec. 1841 and 21 Dec. 1842; Orson Spencer, “Death of Our Beloved Brother Willard Richards,” Deseret News (Salt Lake City), 16 Mar. 1854, [2].

    Deseret News. Salt Lake City. 1850–.

  2. [2]

    Historian’s Office, Journal, 7 June 1853; Wilford Woodruff, Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, to George A. Smith, 30 Aug. 1856, in Historian’s Office, Letterpress Copybooks, vol. 1, p. 364.

    Historian’s Office. Journal, 1844–1997. CHL. CR 100 1.

    Historian’s Office. Letterpress Copybooks, 1854–1879, 1885–1886. CHL. CR 100 38.

  3. [3]

    See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection, 1827–1844, in the CHL catalog.

Historical Introduction

On 12 March 1844, presumably at JS’s direction,
Orson Pratt

19 Sept. 1811–3 Oct. 1881. Farmer, writer, teacher, merchant, surveyor, editor, publisher. Born at Hartford, Washington Co., New York. Son of Jared Pratt and Charity Dickinson. Moved to New Lebanon, Columbia Co., New York, 1814; to Canaan, Columbia Co., fall...

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was authorized to act as an
agent

A specific church office and, more generally, someone “entrusted with the business of another.” Agents in the church assisted other ecclesiastical officers, especially the bishop in his oversight of the church’s temporal affairs. A May 1831 revelation instructed...

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for the city council of
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Illinois, in
Washington DC

Created as district for seat of U.S. federal government by act of Congress, 1790, and named Washington DC, 1791. Named in honor of George Washington. Headquarters of executive, legislative, and judicial branches of U.S. government relocated to Washington ...

More Info
. The previous December, JS proposed to the members of the city council that they petition Congress to protect the city.
1

Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 8 Dec. 1843, 23–24; JS, Journal, 8 Dec. 1843.


In response, a committee drafted a memorial requesting that Nauvoo be granted all the powers and rights belonging to a federal territory of the
United States

North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...

More Info
until
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

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provided redress for the losses the
Latter-day Saints

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

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had sustained in the state in the 1830s. The memorial also asked that the mayor of Nauvoo be authorized to call upon federal troops as necessary to help the
Nauvoo Legion

A contingent of the Illinois state militia provided for in the Nauvoo city charter. The Nauvoo Legion was organized into two cohorts: one infantry and one cavalry. Each cohort could potentially comprise several thousand men and was overseen by a brigadier...

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repel mobs and keep the peace.
2

See Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, ca. 16 Dec. 1843–12 Feb. 1844.


The city council accepted the memorial on 21 December 1843 and signed it on 12 February 1844.
3

JS, Journal, 21 Dec. 1843 and 12 Feb. 1844; Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 21 Dec. 1843, 28; Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 12 Feb. 1844, 2; Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, ca. 16 Dec. 1843–12 Feb. 1844.


Pratt was appointed to travel to Washington DC to deliver the memorial to Congress.
4

Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 21 Dec. 1843, 29; Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 12 Feb. 1844, 2.


Shortly after receiving this authorization, Pratt departed Nauvoo for Washington to complete his assignment.
5

Pratt was present on 11 March at the inaugural meeting of the Council of Fifty but does not appear in subsequent meeting minutes. Given that Illinois senator James Semple presented to Congress the memorial that Pratt delivered on 5 April, Pratt arrived in Washington DC prior to that date. (Council of Fifty, “Record,” 11 Mar. 1844; Congressional Globe, 28th Cong., 1st Sess., p. 482 [1844].)


Comprehensive Works Cited

The Congressional Globe, Containing Sketches of the Debates and Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Congress. Vol. 8. Washington DC: Blair and Rives, 1840.

The featured version of the authorization, which was inscribed by
William W. Phelps

17 Feb. 1792–7 Mar. 1872. Writer, teacher, printer, newspaper editor, publisher, postmaster, lawyer. Born at Hanover, Morris Co., New Jersey. Son of Enon Phelps and Mehitabel Goldsmith. Moved to Homer, Cortland Co., New York, 1800. Married Sally Waterman,...

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, bears the notation “copy,” suggesting that it was a draft or a retained copy of the version that
Pratt

19 Sept. 1811–3 Oct. 1881. Farmer, writer, teacher, merchant, surveyor, editor, publisher. Born at Hartford, Washington Co., New York. Son of Jared Pratt and Charity Dickinson. Moved to New Lebanon, Columbia Co., New York, 1814; to Canaan, Columbia Co., fall...

View Full Bio
took with him to
Washington

Created as district for seat of U.S. federal government by act of Congress, 1790, and named Washington DC, 1791. Named in honor of George Washington. Headquarters of executive, legislative, and judicial branches of U.S. government relocated to Washington ...

More Info
. A docket in
Willard Richards

24 June 1804–11 Mar. 1854. Teacher, lecturer, doctor, clerk, printer, editor, postmaster. Born at Hopkinton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Joseph Richards and Rhoda Howe. Moved to Richmond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 1813; to Chatham, Columbia Co...

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’s handwriting suggests that Richards inscribed the original letter at JS’s request. JS signed the copy of the authorization, as mayor, and Richards also signed it, as city recorder. This version was later repurposed as a copy of an authorization for
Orson Hyde

8 Jan. 1805–28 Nov. 1878. Laborer, clerk, storekeeper, teacher, editor, businessman, lawyer, judge. Born at Oxford, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Nathan Hyde and Sally Thorpe. Moved to Derby, New Haven Co., 1812. Moved to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio, ...

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by
Thomas Bullock

23 Dec. 1816–10 Feb. 1885. Farmer, excise officer, secretary, clerk. Born in Leek, Staffordshire, England. Son of Thomas Bullock and Mary Hall. Married Henrietta Rushton, 25 June 1838. Moved to Ardee, Co. Louth, Ireland, Nov. 1839; to Isle of Anglesey, Aug...

View Full Bio
, who changed the date and the name of the subject of the letter.
6

The Council of Fifty sent Orson Hyde to Washington DC to deliver a memorial petitioning the government to appoint JS as a member of the United States Army with the authorization to gather one hundred thousand armed volunteers to secure westward migration for American citizens. (See Letter from Orson Hyde, 25 Apr. 1844; and Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, ca. 24–26 Mar. 1844.)


The document is the only extant version of Pratt’s authorization.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 8 Dec. 1843, 23–24; JS, Journal, 8 Dec. 1843.

  2. [2]

    See Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, ca. 16 Dec. 1843–12 Feb. 1844.

  3. [3]

    JS, Journal, 21 Dec. 1843 and 12 Feb. 1844; Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 21 Dec. 1843, 28; Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 12 Feb. 1844, 2; Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, ca. 16 Dec. 1843–12 Feb. 1844.

  4. [4]

    Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 21 Dec. 1843, 29; Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 12 Feb. 1844, 2.

  5. [5]

    Pratt was present on 11 March at the inaugural meeting of the Council of Fifty but does not appear in subsequent meeting minutes. Given that Illinois senator James Semple presented to Congress the memorial that Pratt delivered on 5 April, Pratt arrived in Washington DC prior to that date. (Council of Fifty, “Record,” 11 Mar. 1844; Congressional Globe, 28th Cong., 1st Sess., p. 482 [1844].)

    The Congressional Globe, Containing Sketches of the Debates and Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Congress. Vol. 8. Washington DC: Blair and Rives, 1840.

  6. [6]

    The Council of Fifty sent Orson Hyde to Washington DC to deliver a memorial petitioning the government to appoint JS as a member of the United States Army with the authorization to gather one hundred thousand armed volunteers to secure westward migration for American citizens. (See Letter from Orson Hyde, 25 Apr. 1844; and Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, ca. 24–26 Mar. 1844.)

Asterisk (*) denotes a "featured" version, which includes an introduction and annotation.
*Authorization for Orson Pratt, 12 March 1844
History, 1838–1856, volume E-1 [1 July 1843–30 April 1844] “History of Joseph Smith”

Page [1]

City of
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
<​Ill.​>)
March 12, 1844.)
To whom it may concern. We, the mayor, and
Recorder

24 June 1804–11 Mar. 1854. Teacher, lecturer, doctor, clerk, printer, editor, postmaster. Born at Hopkinton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Joseph Richards and Rhoda Howe. Moved to Richmond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 1813; to Chatham, Columbia Co...

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of said
city

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, do certify that
Orson Pratt

19 Sept. 1811–3 Oct. 1881. Farmer, writer, teacher, merchant, surveyor, editor, publisher. Born at Hartford, Washington Co., New York. Son of Jared Pratt and Charity Dickinson. Moved to New Lebanon, Columbia Co., New York, 1814; to Canaan, Columbia Co., fall...

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Esq. the bearer, a councillor in the city council <​of​> said
city

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
,
1

Pratt had served on the city council since 1841.


is sent as an
agent

A specific church office and, more generally, someone “entrusted with the business of another.” Agents in the church assisted other ecclesiastical officers, especially the bishop in his oversight of the church’s temporal affairs. A May 1831 revelation instructed...

View Glossary
for said
city

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
or corporation, to transact such business as he may deem expedient and beneficial <​for.​> the community which he represents; And as such agent, and gentleman of principle, and character, he by us, is recommended to the due consideration of all the Executive officers of the government, both houses of Congress, and gentlemen generally of the United States.
In witness where of we have hereunto set our hands and affixed the seal of said Corporation.
<​Corporation​>

Insertion in the handwriting of Willard Richards.


Signature of JS.


Joseph Smith Mayor
2

TEXT: Signature of Willard Richards.


Willard Richards

24 June 1804–11 Mar. 1854. Teacher, lecturer, doctor, clerk, printer, editor, postmaster. Born at Hopkinton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Joseph Richards and Rhoda Howe. Moved to Richmond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 1813; to Chatham, Columbia Co...

View Full Bio
Recorder [p. [1]]
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Source Note

Document Transcript

Page [1]

Document Information

Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Authorization for Orson Pratt, 12 March 1844
ID #
2188
Total Pages
2
Print Volume Location
Handwriting on This Page
  • William W. Phelps
  • Willard Richards
  • Joseph Smith Jr.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    Pratt had served on the city council since 1841.

  2. new scribe logo

    Insertion in the handwriting of Willard Richards.

  3. new scribe logo

    Signature of JS.

  4. [2]

    TEXT: Signature of Willard Richards.

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