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Minutes, 26–27 April 1832

Source Note

Minutes,
Independence

Located twelve miles from western Missouri border. Permanently settled, platted, and designated county seat, 1827. Hub for steamboat travel on Missouri River. Point of departure for Santa Fe Trail. Population in 1831 about 300. Latter-day Saint population...

More Info
, Jackson Co., MO, 26–27 Apr. 1832. Featured version copied [between ca. 6 Apr. and 19 June 1838] in Minute Book 2, pp. 24–25; handwriting of
Ebenezer Robinson

25 May 1816–11 Mar. 1891. Printer, editor, publisher. Born at Floyd (near Rome), Oneida Co., New York. Son of Nathan Robinson and Mary Brown. Moved to Utica, Oneida Co., ca. 1831, and learned printing trade at Utica Observer. Moved to Ravenna, Portage Co....

View Full Bio
; CHL. For more complete source information, see the source note for Minute Book 2.

Historical Introduction

On 26–27 April 1832, JS held a council of
high priests

An ecclesiastical and priesthood office. Christ and many ancient prophets, including Abraham, were described as being high priests. The Book of Mormon used the term high priest to denote one appointed to lead the church. However, the Book of Mormon also discussed...

View Glossary
and
elders

A male leader in the church generally; an ecclesiastical and priesthood office or one holding that office; a proselytizing missionary. The Book of Mormon explained that elders ordained priests and teachers and administered “the flesh and blood of Christ unto...

View Glossary
in
Independence

Located twelve miles from western Missouri border. Permanently settled, platted, and designated county seat, 1827. Hub for steamboat travel on Missouri River. Point of departure for Santa Fe Trail. Population in 1831 about 300. Latter-day Saint population...

More Info
, Jackson County, Missouri. This was in accordance with a 1 March 1832 revelation that instructed JS,
Sidney Rigdon

19 Feb. 1793–14 July 1876. Tanner, farmer, minister. Born at St. Clair, Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania. Son of William Rigdon and Nancy Gallaher. Joined United Baptists, ca. 1818. Preached at Warren, Trumbull Co., Ohio, and vicinity, 1819–1821. Married Phebe...

View Full Bio
, and
Newel K. Whitney

3/5 Feb. 1795–23 Sept. 1850. Trader, merchant. Born at Marlborough, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of Samuel Whitney and Susanna Kimball. Moved to Fairfield, Herkimer Co., New York, 1803. Merchant at Plattsburg, Clinton Co., New York, 1814. Mercantile clerk for...

View Full Bio
to travel from
Ohio

French explored and claimed area, 1669. British took possession following French and Indian War, 1763. Ceded to U.S., 1783. First permanent white settlement established, 1788. Northeastern portion maintained as part of Connecticut, 1786, and called Connecticut...

More Info
to
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

More Info
and “sit in councel with the saints who are in
zion

JS revelation, dated 20 July 1831, designated Missouri as “land of Zion” for gathering of Saints and place where “City of Zion” was to be built, with Independence area as “center place” of Zion. Latter-day Saint settlements elsewhere, such as in Kirtland,...

More Info
.” The revelation also directed the three men to “organize . . . by an everlasting covinent which cannot be broken” the “Literary and Merchantile establishments of my church.”
1

Revelation, 1 Mar. 1832 [D&C 78]. For more information on the church’s publishing and mercantile concerns, see Historical Introduction to Revelation, 1 Mar. 1832 [D&C 78].


JS and Whitney, accompanied by
Jesse Gause

Ca. 1784–ca. Sept. 1836. Schoolteacher. Born at East Marlborough, Chester Co., Pennsylvania. Son of William Gause (Goss) and Mary Beverly. Joined Society of Friends (Quakers), 1806. Moved to Fayette Co., Pennsylvania, 1808; to Chester Co., 1811; and to Wilmington...

View Full Bio
and
Peter Whitmer Jr.

27 Sept. 1809–22 Sept. 1836. Tailor. Born at Fayette, Seneca Co., New York. Son of Peter Whitmer Sr. and Mary Musselman. Baptized by Oliver Cowdery, June 1829, in Seneca Lake, Seneca Co. One of the Eight Witnesses of the Book of Mormon, June 1829. Among six...

View Full Bio
, left for Missouri on 1 April 1832, meeting up with Rigdon the following day.
2

JS History, vol. A-1, 209. Although this entry in JS’s multivolume manuscript history suggests Sunday was 2 April, it was actually 1 April. When the manuscript was first published as “History of Joseph Smith” in the Times and Seasons, the date remained “Sunday, April second,” an error that was corrected in a later publication. (“History of Joseph Smith,” Times and Seasons, 2 Sept. 1844, 5:624; History of the Church, 1:265.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

History of the Church / Smith, Joseph, et al. History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Edited by B. H. Roberts. Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 1902–1912 (vols. 1–6), 1932 (vol. 7).

The group arrived in Independence on 24 April.
3

This is according to Whitney’s recollection. However, Whitney also stated that the group departed Hiram, Ohio, on 25 March, which conflicts with JS’s account. (Newel K. Whitney, Statement, ca. 1842, Historian’s Office, JS History Documents, ca. 1839–1856, CHL.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Historian’s Office. Joseph Smith History Documents, 1839–1860. CHL. CR 100 396.

On 26 April, the council of high priests and elders convened, transacting several items of business. The high priests present also acknowledged JS as
president of the high priesthood

Both the office of the president of the high priesthood and the body comprising the president and his counselors; the presiding body of the church. In November 1831, a revelation directed the appointment of a president of the high priesthood. The individual...

View Glossary
.
The council then resolved a long-standing difficulty between
Rigdon

19 Feb. 1793–14 July 1876. Tanner, farmer, minister. Born at St. Clair, Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania. Son of William Rigdon and Nancy Gallaher. Joined United Baptists, ca. 1818. Preached at Warren, Trumbull Co., Ohio, and vicinity, 1819–1821. Married Phebe...

View Full Bio
and
Edward Partridge

27 Aug. 1793–27 May 1840. Hatter. Born at Pittsfield, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of William Partridge and Jemima Bidwell. Moved to Painesville, Geauga Co., Ohio. Married Lydia Clisbee, 22 Aug. 1819, at Painesville. Initially a Universal Restorationist...

View Full Bio
. In September 1831, Rigdon charged Partridge with insulting JS and disrespecting his position as prophet.
4

See Historical Introduction to Revelation, 1 Aug. 1831 [D&C 58].


On 10 March 1832, before the arrival of the
Ohio

French explored and claimed area, 1669. British took possession following French and Indian War, 1763. Ceded to U.S., 1783. First permanent white settlement established, 1788. Northeastern portion maintained as part of Connecticut, 1786, and called Connecticut...

More Info
visitors, a
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

More Info
conference

A meeting where ecclesiastical officers and other church members could conduct church business. The “Articles and Covenants” of the church directed the elders to hold conferences to perform “Church business.” The first of these conferences was held on 9 June...

View Glossary
considered Rigdon’s charges, after which Partridge stated his willingness “to make every confession which br. Sidney as a disciple of Christ could require & forever bury the matter.”
5

Minute Book 2, 10 Mar. 1832.


The April conference marked the first opportunity for the two to reconcile their differences face to face. After the two made amends, JS dictated a revelation that discussed the concept of forgiveness and instructed the council to organize the church’s publishing and mercantile endeavors through the establishment of a governing firm.
6

JS History, vol. A-1, 210–211; Revelation, 26 Apr. 1832 [D&C 82].


On 27 April, the council took steps towards the creation of this firm (which would become known as the
United Firm

An organization that supervised the management of church enterprises and properties from 1832 to 1834. In March and April 1832, revelations directed that the church’s publishing and mercantile endeavors be organized. In accordance with this direction, the...

View Glossary
) and assigned
William W. Phelps

17 Feb. 1792–7 Mar. 1872. Writer, teacher, printer, newspaper editor, publisher, postmaster, lawyer. Born at Hanover, Morris Co., New Jersey. Son of Enon Phelps and Mehitabel Goldsmith. Moved to Homer, Cortland Co., New York, 1800. Married Sally Waterman,...

View Full Bio
and
Sidney Gilbert

28 Dec. 1789–29 June 1834. Merchant. Born at New Haven, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Eli Gilbert and Lydia Hemingway. Moved to Huntington, Fairfield Co., Connecticut; to Monroe, Monroe Co., Michigan Territory, by Sept. 1818; to Painesville, Geauga Co...

View Full Bio
to prepare a bond that presumably all in the firm would sign.
By taking these actions, the council solidified church administration in
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

More Info
and fostered greater unity between the church in
Independence

Located twelve miles from western Missouri border. Permanently settled, platted, and designated county seat, 1827. Hub for steamboat travel on Missouri River. Point of departure for Santa Fe Trail. Population in 1831 about 300. Latter-day Saint population...

More Info
and the church in
Kirtland

Located ten miles south of Lake Erie. Settled by 1811. Organized by 1818. Latter-day Saint missionaries visited township, early Nov. 1830; many residents joined Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Population in 1830 about 55 Latter-day Saints and...

More Info
, Ohio. In acknowledging JS as president of the high priesthood on 26 April, for example,
Partridge

27 Aug. 1793–27 May 1840. Hatter. Born at Pittsfield, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of William Partridge and Jemima Bidwell. Moved to Painesville, Geauga Co., Ohio. Married Lydia Clisbee, 22 Aug. 1819, at Painesville. Initially a Universal Restorationist...

View Full Bio
extended to JS “the right hand of fellowship” on behalf of the Missouri church. This action was particularly significant given
Rigdon

19 Feb. 1793–14 July 1876. Tanner, farmer, minister. Born at St. Clair, Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania. Son of William Rigdon and Nancy Gallaher. Joined United Baptists, ca. 1818. Preached at Warren, Trumbull Co., Ohio, and vicinity, 1819–1821. Married Phebe...

View Full Bio
’s earlier charges that Partridge “assumed authority” over JS “in open violation of the Laws of God.”
7

JS History, vol. A-1, 210; Minute Book 2, 10 Mar. 1832.


JS’s acceptance of “the right hand of fellowship” from Partridge may have confirmed to those present his continuing regard for Partridge as the leader of the Saints in Missouri.
8

See Minute Book 2, 11 Sept. 1833.


In a similar way, the formation of the governing firm promoted unity between Independence and Kirtland leaders by joining them together in an enterprise that would benefit the church in both areas. As a later JS history declared, the business conducted by the 26–27 April council furthered JS’s efforts “to so organize the church, that the brethren might eventually be independent of every incumbrance beneath the celestial Kingdom, by bonds and covenants of mutual friendship, and mutual love.”
9

JS History, vol. A-1, 212–213. John Whitmer, church historian, later recorded his view of what the council accomplished: “Joseph the seer and Sidney the Scribe and N. W. [Newel K.] Whitney and one Jesse Gause came to Zion to comfort the Saints and Setle som little dificulties, and regulate the church and affairs concerning it.” (Whitmer, History, 38.)


As clerk,
John Whitmer

27 Aug. 1802–11 July 1878. Farmer, stock raiser, newspaper editor. Born in Pennsylvania. Son of Peter Whitmer Sr. and Mary Musselman. Member of German Reformed Church, Fayette, Seneca Co., New York. Baptized by Oliver Cowdery, June 1829, most likely in Seneca...

View Full Bio
kept minutes of the 26–27 April council. In 1838,
Ebenezer Robinson

25 May 1816–11 Mar. 1891. Printer, editor, publisher. Born at Floyd (near Rome), Oneida Co., New York. Son of Nathan Robinson and Mary Brown. Moved to Utica, Oneida Co., ca. 1831, and learned printing trade at Utica Observer. Moved to Ravenna, Portage Co....

View Full Bio
entered the minutes into Minute Book 2.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    Revelation, 1 Mar. 1832 [D&C 78]. For more information on the church’s publishing and mercantile concerns, see Historical Introduction to Revelation, 1 Mar. 1832 [D&C 78].

  2. [2]

    JS History, vol. A-1, 209. Although this entry in JS’s multivolume manuscript history suggests Sunday was 2 April, it was actually 1 April. When the manuscript was first published as “History of Joseph Smith” in the Times and Seasons, the date remained “Sunday, April second,” an error that was corrected in a later publication. (“History of Joseph Smith,” Times and Seasons, 2 Sept. 1844, 5:624; History of the Church, 1:265.)

    Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

    History of the Church / Smith, Joseph, et al. History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Edited by B. H. Roberts. Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 1902–1912 (vols. 1–6), 1932 (vol. 7).

  3. [3]

    This is according to Whitney’s recollection. However, Whitney also stated that the group departed Hiram, Ohio, on 25 March, which conflicts with JS’s account. (Newel K. Whitney, Statement, ca. 1842, Historian’s Office, JS History Documents, ca. 1839–1856, CHL.)

    Historian’s Office. Joseph Smith History Documents, 1839–1860. CHL. CR 100 396.

  4. [4]

    See Historical Introduction to Revelation, 1 Aug. 1831 [D&C 58].

  5. [5]

    Minute Book 2, 10 Mar. 1832.

  6. [6]

    JS History, vol. A-1, 210–211; Revelation, 26 Apr. 1832 [D&C 82].

  7. [7]

    JS History, vol. A-1, 210; Minute Book 2, 10 Mar. 1832.

  8. [8]

    See Minute Book 2, 11 Sept. 1833.

  9. [9]

    JS History, vol. A-1, 212–213. John Whitmer, church historian, later recorded his view of what the council accomplished: “Joseph the seer and Sidney the Scribe and N. W. [Newel K.] Whitney and one Jesse Gause came to Zion to comfort the Saints and Setle som little dificulties, and regulate the church and affairs concerning it.” (Whitmer, History, 38.)

Asterisk (*) denotes a "featured" version, which includes an introduction and annotation.
*Minutes, 26–27 April 1832
Minute Book 2 History, 1838–1856, volume A-1 [23 December 1805–30 August 1834] “History of Joseph Smith”

Page 24

Independence

Located twelve miles from western Missouri border. Permanently settled, platted, and designated county seat, 1827. Hub for steamboat travel on Missouri River. Point of departure for Santa Fe Trail. Population in 1831 about 300. Latter-day Saint population...

More Info
April 26. 1832.
Met in
council

A gathering of church leaders assembled “for consultation, deliberation and advice”; also a body responsible for governance or administration. As early as 9 February 1831, a revelation instructed that “the Elders & Bishop shall Council together & they shall...

View Glossary
Highpriests

An ecclesiastical and priesthood office. Christ and many ancient prophets, including Abraham, were described as being high priests. The Book of Mormon used the term high priest to denote one appointed to lead the church. However, the Book of Mormon also discussed...

View Glossary
Present
1

There may have been some sort of order to this listing of high priests. JS, listed first, was the president of the high priesthood. Sidney Rigdon and Jesse Gause, listed next, were his counselors. Newel K. Whitney and Edward Partridge were the two bishops in the church. William W. Phelps and Oliver Cowdery were the printers of the church. John Corrill and Isaac Morley were counselors to Partridge. (Minutes, ca. 1 May 1832; Revelation, 20 July 1831 [D&C 57:11–13]; Minutes, ca. 3–4 June 1831.)


Joseph Smith jr.
John Corrill

17 Sept. 1794–26 Sept. 1842. Surveyor, politician, author. Born at Worcester Co., Massachusetts. Married Margaret Lyndiff, ca. 1830. Lived at Harpersfield, Ashtabula Co., Ohio, 1830. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 10 Jan. 1831,...

View Full Bio
Sidney Rigdon

19 Feb. 1793–14 July 1876. Tanner, farmer, minister. Born at St. Clair, Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania. Son of William Rigdon and Nancy Gallaher. Joined United Baptists, ca. 1818. Preached at Warren, Trumbull Co., Ohio, and vicinity, 1819–1821. Married Phebe...

View Full Bio
Isaac Morley

11 Mar. 1786–24 June 1865. Farmer, cooper, merchant, postmaster. Born at Montague, Hampshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of Thomas Morley and Editha (Edith) Marsh. Family affiliated with Presbyterian church. Moved to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio, before 1812. Married...

View Full Bio
Jesse Gause

Ca. 1784–ca. Sept. 1836. Schoolteacher. Born at East Marlborough, Chester Co., Pennsylvania. Son of William Gause (Goss) and Mary Beverly. Joined Society of Friends (Quakers), 1806. Moved to Fayette Co., Pennsylvania, 1808; to Chester Co., 1811; and to Wilmington...

View Full Bio
Elders

A male leader in the church generally; an ecclesiastical and priesthood office or one holding that office; a proselytizing missionary. The Book of Mormon explained that elders ordained priests and teachers and administered “the flesh and blood of Christ unto...

View Glossary
Present
Newel K. Whitney

3/5 Feb. 1795–23 Sept. 1850. Trader, merchant. Born at Marlborough, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of Samuel Whitney and Susanna Kimball. Moved to Fairfield, Herkimer Co., New York, 1803. Merchant at Plattsburg, Clinton Co., New York, 1814. Mercantile clerk for...

View Full Bio
Sidney Gilbert

28 Dec. 1789–29 June 1834. Merchant. Born at New Haven, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Eli Gilbert and Lydia Hemingway. Moved to Huntington, Fairfield Co., Connecticut; to Monroe, Monroe Co., Michigan Territory, by Sept. 1818; to Painesville, Geauga Co...

View Full Bio
Edward Partridge

27 Aug. 1793–27 May 1840. Hatter. Born at Pittsfield, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of William Partridge and Jemima Bidwell. Moved to Painesville, Geauga Co., Ohio. Married Lydia Clisbee, 22 Aug. 1819, at Painesville. Initially a Universal Restorationist...

View Full Bio
Joshua Fairchilds [Fairchild] (
license

A document certifying an individual’s office in the church and authorizing him “to perform the duty of his calling.” The “Articles and Covenants” of the church implied that only elders could issue licenses; individuals ordained by a priest to an office in...

View Glossary
taken at present)
2

This parenthetical notation about Fairchild (who was also in attendance at the 23–24 January 1832 conference in Jackson County, Missouri) does not seem to be contemporaneous. It is unclear exactly when Fairchild’s license was taken. In 1833, John Whitmer may have copied loose minutes into a discrete record book, and if so, it is possible Whitmer made the note at that time. The note may have also originated with Ebenezer Robinson when he copied Whitmer’s minutes into Minute Book 2 in 1838, although based on notations next to other names in the minute book, it is more likely Whitmer’s work. (See Minute Book 2, 23 Jan. 1832; Letter from Oliver Cowdery, 28 Jan. 1832; and Minutes, ca. 3–4 June 1831.)


William W. Phelps

17 Feb. 1792–7 Mar. 1872. Writer, teacher, printer, newspaper editor, publisher, postmaster, lawyer. Born at Hanover, Morris Co., New Jersey. Son of Enon Phelps and Mehitabel Goldsmith. Moved to Homer, Cortland Co., New York, 1800. Married Sally Waterman,...

View Full Bio
James Emmett

22 Feb. 1803–28 Dec. 1852. Farmer, policeman, explorer, miner. Born at Boone Co., Kentucky. Son of Silas Emmett and Elizabeth Trowbridge. Married Phebe Jane Simpson, 13 Apr. 1823. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1831, in Boone Co...

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Oliver Cowdery

3 Oct. 1806–3 Mar. 1850. Clerk, teacher, justice of the peace, lawyer, newspaper editor. Born at Wells, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of William Cowdery and Rebecca Fuller. Raised Congregationalist. Moved to western New York and clerked at a store, ca. 1825–1828...

View Full Bio
Sanford Porter
First: Joseph Smith jr. acknowledged by the High priests in the land of
Zion

JS revelation, dated 20 July 1831, designated Missouri as “land of Zion” for gathering of Saints and place where “City of Zion” was to be built, with Independence area as “center place” of Zion. Latter-day Saint settlements elsewhere, such as in Kirtland,...

More Info
to be
President of the High Priesthood

Both the office of the president of the high priesthood and the body comprising the president and his counselors; the presiding body of the church. In November 1831, a revelation directed the appointment of a president of the high priesthood. The individual...

View Glossary
, according to
commandment

Generally, a divine mandate that church members were expected to obey; more specifically, a text dictated by JS in the first-person voice of Deity that served to communicate knowledge and instruction to JS and his followers. Occasionally, other inspired texts...

View Glossary
and
ordination

The conferral of power and authority; to appoint, decree, or set apart. Church members, primarily adults, were ordained to ecclesiastical offices and other responsibilities by the laying on of hands by those with the proper authority. Ordinations to priesthood...

View Glossary
in
Ohio

French explored and claimed area, 1669. British took possession following French and Indian War, 1763. Ceded to U.S., 1783. First permanent white settlement established, 1788. Northeastern portion maintained as part of Connecticut, 1786, and called Connecticut...

More Info
, at the
Conference

A meeting where ecclesiastical officers and other church members could conduct church business. The “Articles and Covenants” of the church directed the elders to hold conferences to perform “Church business.” The first of these conferences was held on 9 June...

View Glossary
held in
Amherst

Located in northeastern Ohio on southern shore of Lake Erie. Area settled, ca. 1810. County organized, 1824. Formed from Black River Township, Dec. 1829. Population in 1830 about 600. Population in 1840 about 1,200. Parley P. Pratt settled in township, Dec...

More Info
January 25. 1832.
3

Revelation, 11 Nov. 1831–B [D&C 107:65]; “History of Orson Pratt,” 11, Historian’s Office, Histories of the Twelve, ca. 1858–1880, CHL.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Historian’s Office. Histories of the Twelve, 1856–1858, 1861. CHL. CR 100 93.

[p. 24]
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Source Note

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Document Information

Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Minutes, 26–27 April 1832
ID #
6752
Total Pages
2
Print Volume Location
JSP, D2:229–233
Handwriting on This Page
  • Ebenezer Robinson

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    There may have been some sort of order to this listing of high priests. JS, listed first, was the president of the high priesthood. Sidney Rigdon and Jesse Gause, listed next, were his counselors. Newel K. Whitney and Edward Partridge were the two bishops in the church. William W. Phelps and Oliver Cowdery were the printers of the church. John Corrill and Isaac Morley were counselors to Partridge. (Minutes, ca. 1 May 1832; Revelation, 20 July 1831 [D&C 57:11–13]; Minutes, ca. 3–4 June 1831.)

  2. [2]

    This parenthetical notation about Fairchild (who was also in attendance at the 23–24 January 1832 conference in Jackson County, Missouri) does not seem to be contemporaneous. It is unclear exactly when Fairchild’s license was taken. In 1833, John Whitmer may have copied loose minutes into a discrete record book, and if so, it is possible Whitmer made the note at that time. The note may have also originated with Ebenezer Robinson when he copied Whitmer’s minutes into Minute Book 2 in 1838, although based on notations next to other names in the minute book, it is more likely Whitmer’s work. (See Minute Book 2, 23 Jan. 1832; Letter from Oliver Cowdery, 28 Jan. 1832; and Minutes, ca. 3–4 June 1831.)

  3. [3]

    Revelation, 11 Nov. 1831–B [D&C 107:65]; “History of Orson Pratt,” 11, Historian’s Office, Histories of the Twelve, ca. 1858–1880, CHL.

    Historian’s Office. Histories of the Twelve, 1856–1858, 1861. CHL. CR 100 93.

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