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  2. Documents, Volume 9, Part 1 Introduction: December 1841

Part 1: December 1841

In December 1841 JS engaged in business, church administration, and temple building. In the forepart of the month, a lack of available funds compelled JS to ask for an extension from a set of creditors from whom the
church

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

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had purchased goods on credit to stock a mercantile store in
Kirtland

Located ten miles south of Lake Erie. Settled by 1811. Organized by 1818. Latter-day Saint missionaries visited township, early Nov. 1830; many residents joined Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Population in 1830 about 55 Latter-day Saints and...

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, Ohio, in 1836.
1

Letter to Orville Browning and Nehemiah Bushnell, 7 Dec. 1841.


He also tried to manage debts that he and other Latter-day Saints had incurred from the purchase of lands that had become
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

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, Illinois, their largest creditor being the partnership of
Horace Hotchkiss

15 Apr. 1799–21 Apr. 1849. Merchant, land speculator. Born in East Haven, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Heman Hotchkiss and Elizabeth Rowe. Moved to New Haven, New Haven Co., by 1815. Married Charlotte Austin Street, 22 Feb. 1824, in East Haven. Purchased...

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,
Smith Tuttle

12 Mar. 1795–7 Mar. 1865. Shipping merchant, land speculator. Born in East Haven, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Christopher Tuttle and Abigail Luddington. Moved to Wallingford, New Haven Co., by 1810. Married first Rachel Gillett. Married second Amarilla...

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, and
John Gillet

2 Aug. 1796–17 July 1848. Likely born in Connecticut. Son of Benoni Gillett and Phoebe Dean. Moved to Commerce (later Nauvoo), Hancock Co., Illinois, by May 1837. In Aug. 1839, with land-speculating partners Horace Hotchkiss and Smith Tuttle, sold land in...

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. In February 1841 JS had selected church
agents

A specific church office and, more generally, someone “entrusted with the business of another.” Agents in the church assisted other ecclesiastical officers, especially the bishop in his oversight of the church’s temporal affairs. A May 1831 revelation instructed...

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to travel to the eastern
United States

North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...

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to raise funds to make payments on the debt.
2

Authorization for Hyrum Smith and Isaac Galland, 15 Feb. 1841.


In July he had learned from Hotchkiss that one agent,
Isaac Galland

15 May 1791–27 Sept. 1858. Merchant, postmaster, land speculator, doctor. Born at Somerset Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Matthew Galland and Hannah Fenno. Married first Nancy Harris, 22 Mar. 1811, in Madison Co., Ohio. Married second Margaret Knight, by 1816....

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, had for unknown reasons left the eastern states without making a payment on the church’s debt as anticipated.
3

Letter from Horace Hotchkiss, 24 July 1841.


In December, JS received information that Galland was in
Keokuk

Located near confluence of Mississippi and Des Moines rivers. First settled, 1820. Fur trading post established, 1828. Named Keokuk, 1829, after Sac Indian chief, who later visited JS in Nauvoo, 1841. Platted 1837. Incorporated 1847. Population in 1841 about...

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, Iowa Territory, and sent him a letter requesting a meeting in Nauvoo to settle their affairs. Galland assented, but he did not visit Nauvoo until February.
4

Letter from Isaac Galland, 11 Dec. 1841; Letter to Isaac Galland, 17 Jan. 1842; JS, Journal, 2 and 4 Feb. 1842.


Although Galland was unable to satisfy the creditors, JS was able to reach an agreement with Hotchkiss, Tuttle, and Gillet to accept the transfer of a tavern stand in
New Jersey

Located in northeast region of U.S. First European settlements made by Dutch, Swedes, and English, early 1600s. Admitted to U.S. as state, Dec. 1787. Population in 1830 about 321,000. Population in 1840 about 373,000. First Latter-day Saint missionaries preached...

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in exchange for a $3,200 credit against a $6,000 payment that was due.
5

Letter to Horace Hotchkiss, 10 Dec. 1841; Letter from Horace Hotchkiss, 30 Dec. 1841.


In addition to attempting to resolve these debts, in December 1841 JS organized the sale of land near Nauvoo for at least one buyer and readied a new general
store

Located in lower portion of Nauvoo (the flats) along bank of Mississippi River. Completed 1841. Opened for business, 5 Jan. 1842. Owned by JS, but managed mostly by others, after 1842. First floor housed JS’s general store and counting room, where tithing...

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for business.
6

Letter to Edward Hunter, 21 Dec. 1841. On 14 December, JS “commenced opening, unpacking, and assorting goods in the large front room on the seckond floor of the new store.” (JS, Journal, 14 Dec. 1841.)


Ever since the Saints’ arrival in
Illinois

Became part of Northwest Territory of U.S., 1787. Admitted as state, 1818. Population in 1840 about 480,000. Population in 1845 about 660,000. Plentiful, inexpensive land attracted settlers from northern and southern states. Following expulsion from Missouri...

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, JS had made efforts to be involved in state politics. On 20 December he wrote a letter for the Times and Seasons endorsing the Illinois Democratic Party’s nominees for governor and lieutenant governor,
Adam W. Snyder

6 Oct. 1799–14 May 1842. Lawyer, politician. Born in Connellsville, Fayette Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Adam Snyder and Margaret Hartzel Schaeffer. Moved to Knox Co., Ohio, ca. 1816. Moved to Cahokia, St. Clair Co., Illinois, June 1817, where he helped build...

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and
John Moore

8 Sept. 1793–23 Sept. 1866. Schoolteacher, wagonmaker, farmer, justice of the peace, postmaster, politician, state treasurer. Born in Lincolnshire, England. Immigrated to U.S., 1817. Married Gabrilla, by ca. 1830. Moved to Harrison, Hamilton Co., Ohio. Moved...

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, respectively. Both candidates had encouraged the passage of
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

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’s city charter through the Illinois Senate in 1840.
7

Letter to Friends in Illinois, 20 Dec. 1841.


In addition to participating in business and political affairs, JS continued his spiritual ministry. He preached on at least two occasions and dictated three revelations. The first revelation, dictated on 2 December, directed
Ebenezer

25 May 1816–11 Mar. 1891. Printer, editor, publisher. Born at Floyd (near Rome), Oneida Co., New York. Son of Nathan Robinson and Mary Brown. Moved to Utica, Oneida Co., ca. 1831, and learned printing trade at Utica Observer. Moved to Ravenna, Portage Co....

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and
Angelina Works Robinson

22 Aug. 1814–8 Apr. 1880. Schoolteacher. Born at Aurelius, Cayuga Co., New York. Daughter of Asa Works and Abigail Marks. Sister of Brigham Young’s first wife, Miriam Works Young. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1835, at Kirtland...

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to board and care for
Marinda Nancy Johnson Hyde

28 June 1815–24 Mar. 1886. Born in Pomfret, Windsor Co., Vermont. Daughter of John Johnson and Alice (Elsa) Jacobs. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Apr. 1832, in Hiram, Portage Co., Ohio. Moved to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio, 1833...

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, whose
husband

8 Jan. 1805–28 Nov. 1878. Laborer, clerk, storekeeper, teacher, editor, businessman, lawyer, judge. Born at Oxford, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Nathan Hyde and Sally Thorpe. Moved to Derby, New Haven Co., 1812. Moved to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio, ...

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was on a mission to the Jews in
New York

Dutch founded New Netherland colony, 1625. Incorporated under British control and renamed New York, 1664. Harbor contributed to economic and population growth of city; became largest city in American colonies. British troops defeated Continental Army under...

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,
London

City in southeast England; located on River Thames about sixty miles west of North Sea. Capital city of England. Population in 1841 about 2,000,000. London conference of British mission organized, 1841.

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,
Amsterdam

Significant maritime and commercial city on western coast of Netherlands. Located at confluence of Amstel and Wye rivers. Small fishing village in twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Population in 1830 about 200,000. Population in 1843 about 210,000. JS appointed...

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, Constantinople, and Palestine.
8

Revelation, 2 Dec. 1841.


The other revelations, each dictated circa 22 December, appointed
Amos Fuller

26 Mar. 1810–29 Mar. 1853. Blacksmith, farmer. Born at Stockholm, St. Lawrence Co., New York. Son of Luther Fuller and Lorena (Lovina) Mitchell. Married Esther Victoria Smith, cousin of JS, 8 Mar. 1832, at Stockholm. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of...

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and
John Snider

11 Feb. 1800–19 Dec. 1875. Farmer, mason, stonecutter. Born in New Brunswick, Canada. Son of Martin Snyder and Sarah Armstrong. Married Mary Heron, 28 Feb. 1822. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1836, at Toronto. Stockholder in Kirtland...

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to serve missions.
9

Revelation, ca. 22 Dec. 1841–A; Revelation, ca. 22 Dec. 1841–B.


Snider was charged specifically with seeking donations in
England

Island nation consisting of southern portion of Great Britain and surrounding smaller islands. Bounded on north by Scotland and on west by Wales. Became province of Roman Empire, first century. Ruled by Romans, through 447. Ruled by Picts, Scots, and Saxons...

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for the construction of the
temple

Located in portion of Nauvoo known as the bluff. JS revelation dated Jan. 1841 commanded Saints to build temple and hotel (Nauvoo House). Cornerstone laid, 6 Apr. 1841. Saints volunteered labor, money, and other resources for temple construction. Construction...

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in
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

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and the
Nauvoo House

Located in lower portion of Nauvoo (the flats) along bank of Mississippi River. JS revelation, dated 19 Jan. 1841, instructed Saints to build boardinghouse for travelers and immigrants. Construction of planned three-story building to be funded by fifty-dollar...

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. These building projects continued to be a priority for JS throughout the period. In addition to raising funds and overseeing construction, on 13 December, JS appointed
apostle

Members of a governing body in the church, with special administrative and proselytizing responsibilities. A June 1829 revelation commanded Oliver Cowdery and David Whitmer to call twelve disciples, similar to the twelve apostles in the New Testament and ...

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Willard Richards

24 June 1804–11 Mar. 1854. Teacher, lecturer, doctor, clerk, printer, editor, postmaster. Born at Hopkinton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Joseph Richards and Rhoda Howe. Moved to Richmond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 1813; to Chatham, Columbia Co...

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to serve as the temple recorder.
10

JS, Journal, 13 Dec. 1841.


Richards began keeping a record of all donations, including those specifically for the temple, in a book titled “The Book of the Law of the Lord.”
11

Book of the Law of the Lord, 27; Clayton, History of the Nauvoo Temple, 16.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Clayton, William. History of the Nauvoo Temple, ca. 1845. CHL. MS 3365.

The same day, in an open letter, the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles announced that all donations should be made directly to JS as trustee-in-trust for the church.
12

Brigham Young et al., “Baptism for the Dead,” Times and Seasons, 15 Dec. 1841, 3:627.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

JS was mindful of church affairs outside of
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

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as well. During this month he received correspondence from missionaries in
England

Island nation consisting of southern portion of Great Britain and surrounding smaller islands. Bounded on north by Scotland and on west by Wales. Became province of Roman Empire, first century. Ruled by Romans, through 447. Ruled by Picts, Scots, and Saxons...

More Info
and
Pittsburgh

Also spelled Pittsbourg, Pittsbourgh, and Pittsburg. Major industrial port city in southwestern Pennsylvania. Near location where Monongahela and Allegheny rivers converge to form Ohio River. French established Fort Du Quesne, 1754. British captured fort,...

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.
13

Letter from Parley P. Pratt, 4 Dec. 1841; Letter from George Gee, 30 Dec. 1841.


He also responded to a letter from church leaders in
Kirtland

Located ten miles south of Lake Erie. Settled by 1811. Organized by 1818. Latter-day Saint missionaries visited township, early Nov. 1830; many residents joined Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Population in 1830 about 55 Latter-day Saints and...

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who were concerned with their city’s status after
Almon Babbitt

Oct. 1812–Sept. 1856. Postmaster, editor, attorney. Born at Cheshire, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of Ira Babbitt and Nancy Crosier. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, ca. 1830. Located in Amherst, Lorain Co., Ohio, July 1831....

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, who had previously presided over the church in that area, was disfellowshipped in October. Before he was disfellowshipped, Babbitt had urged converts to
gather

As directed by early revelations, church members “gathered” in communities. A revelation dated September 1830, for instance, instructed elders “to bring to pass the gathering of mine elect” who would “be gathered in unto one place, upon the face of this land...

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to Kirtland despite church leaders’ admonition not to allow Kirtland to compete with Nauvoo. In a 15 December letter, JS informed the leaders in Kirtland that though they should not try to entice migrating converts to come there instead of to Nauvoo, they should continue to regard Kirtland as a permanent settlement and establish their own church printing press.
14

Letter from Lester Brooks et al., 16 Nov. 1841; Letter to Church Leaders in Kirtland, OH, 15 Dec. 1841.


In total, this part comprises six letters to JS, five letters from JS, three revelations, two discourses, a marriage license, a
priesthood

Power or authority of God. The priesthood was conferred through the laying on of hands upon adult male members of the church in good standing; no specialized training was required. Priesthood officers held responsibility for administering the sacrament of...

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license

A document certifying an individual’s office in the church and authorizing him “to perform the duty of his calling.” The “Articles and Covenants” of the church implied that only elders could issue licenses; individuals ordained by a priest to an office in...

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, and a floor plan for JS’s
store

Located in lower portion of Nauvoo (the flats) along bank of Mississippi River. Completed 1841. Opened for business, 5 Jan. 1842. Owned by JS, but managed mostly by others, after 1842. First floor housed JS’s general store and counting room, where tithing...

More Info
.
  1. 1

    Letter to Orville Browning and Nehemiah Bushnell, 7 Dec. 1841.

  2. 2

    Authorization for Hyrum Smith and Isaac Galland, 15 Feb. 1841.

  3. 3

    Letter from Horace Hotchkiss, 24 July 1841.

  4. 4

    Letter from Isaac Galland, 11 Dec. 1841; Letter to Isaac Galland, 17 Jan. 1842; JS, Journal, 2 and 4 Feb. 1842.

  5. 5

    Letter to Horace Hotchkiss, 10 Dec. 1841; Letter from Horace Hotchkiss, 30 Dec. 1841.

  6. 6

    Letter to Edward Hunter, 21 Dec. 1841. On 14 December, JS “commenced opening, unpacking, and assorting goods in the large front room on the seckond floor of the new store.” (JS, Journal, 14 Dec. 1841.)

  7. 7

    Letter to Friends in Illinois, 20 Dec. 1841.

  8. 8

    Revelation, 2 Dec. 1841.

  9. 9

    Revelation, ca. 22 Dec. 1841–A; Revelation, ca. 22 Dec. 1841–B.

  10. 10

    JS, Journal, 13 Dec. 1841.

  11. 11

    Book of the Law of the Lord, 27; Clayton, History of the Nauvoo Temple, 16.

    Clayton, William. History of the Nauvoo Temple, ca. 1845. CHL. MS 3365.

  12. 12

    Brigham Young et al., “Baptism for the Dead,” Times and Seasons, 15 Dec. 1841, 3:627.

    Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

  13. 13

    Letter from Parley P. Pratt, 4 Dec. 1841; Letter from George Gee, 30 Dec. 1841.

  14. 14

    Letter from Lester Brooks et al., 16 Nov. 1841; Letter to Church Leaders in Kirtland, OH, 15 Dec. 1841.

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