Skip to main content

Minutes, 8 June 1844

  1. Home > 
  2. The Papers > 

Minutes, 8 June 1844

Source Note

Nauvoo City Council, Minutes, [, Hancock Co., IL], 8 June 1844. Featured version copied [ca. 8 June 1844] in Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 10 Feb. 1844–13 Jan. 1845, pp. 11–19; handwriting of ; Nauvoo, IL, Records, 1841–1845, CHL. Includes use marks. For more complete source information, see the source note for Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, Feb. 1844–Jan. 1845.

Historical Introduction

On 8 June 1844, the city council of , Illinois, met for its regularly scheduled monthly meeting to conduct city business. The council—which consisted of the mayor, aldermen, and city councilors—convened two sessions on 8 June and most likely met in the . The first session lasted from ten o’clock in the morning until shortly after one o’clock in the afternoon, when the council adjourned for a recess. Around three o’clock in the afternoon, when a quorum was present, the city council began its afternoon session, which lasted until half past six o’clock in the evening.
The council considered several petitions during the 8 June meeting. Two requested the opening of certain streets in , and both were tabled. A third petition complained of violations of the city’s 1841 temperance ordinance—which prohibited the sale of whiskey and other spirituous liquors in small amounts—at the Upper Stone House and requested the city council to remove the building as a nuisance. Following a discussion of the matter, the council ultimately concluded to table this petition as well.
The city council also spent part of the meeting considering an ordinance describing the city attorney’s duties and compensation. During its 13 April 1844 meeting, the council had appointed as the city’s attorney. At that meeting, Stiles expressed his concern that the position’s salary of fifty dollars was insufficient and suggested that the existing city attorney ordinance be repealed. In response to Stiles’s comments, JS suggested that the city attorney’s salary be raised to one hundred dollars and that the city attorney be allowed to collect fees in some instances. in turn recommended that any new city attorney ordinance should define the city attorney’s duties. The council assigned the task of writing this proposed ordinance to the committee on municipal laws, to which Stiles was added. When the city council met on 8 June, it discussed the newly crafted ordinance, which incorporated JS’s and Hyrum Smith’s suggestions. After some deliberation, the city council approved a revised version of the new ordinance.
The most important topic of discussion for the council, though, was the Nauvoo Expositor. This newspaper—the first issue of which was published on 7 June—was edited by and published by , , , , , , and . Most of these individuals were former members of the , and all were opposed to JS. Tensions had been building between JS and his opponents in for months. By May his enemies had decided to set up the newspaper. On 6 May, in a meeting of the , reported that William Law had “said that if they would not buy out his property &c he would set up a press and go it to the death to get satisfaction.” The next day, the Expositor’s printing press arrived in . Following this, the proprietors printed a prospectus for the newspaper, which, among other things, advocated for the unconditional repeal of the act incorporating Nauvoo, often called the . It also promised “to give a full, candid, and succinct statement of FACTS, AS THEY REALLY EXIST IN THE CITY OF NAUVOO.” Around 17 May printing materials for the Expositor arrived in Nauvoo. Although there was a rumor that JS “had sworn that the press should not be set up in Nauvoo,” the Warsaw Signal reported that the materials “were landed without molestation.” The proprietors subsequently printed one thousand copies of the first issue of the Expositor, five hundred of which were mailed out.
When the Expositor appeared on ’s streets on 7 June, its pages contained attacks on JS’s character, his political influence and activities, his financial dealings, and his doctrinal teachings. In particular, the newspaper criticized the doctrines of plural marriage, the plurality of gods, and the power. It also condemned secret societies, the union of church and state, the Nauvoo Municipal Court’s use of , and JS’s presidential campaign. In addition, as promised in its prospectus, the Expositor advocated the repeal of the Nauvoo city charter.
The city council’s discussion of the Expositor largely centered on the character of certain men associated with the newspaper. JS called various witnesses to testify before the council on this subject. During the council’s deliberations, JS stated his belief that the Expositor and its proprietors intended to destroy the peace in and that it was not safe to have this type of publication in the city because it could lead to mob violence. Moreover, he explained that his own statements and the testimony of the witnesses were meant to prepare the city council to act on the matter.
The city council subsequently took several measures. First, it suspended city councilor until he could be investigated for allegedly slandering the city council. Also, at JS’s urging, the council considered an ordinance against libels, and city councilor and , who was a city councilor as well as the city’s attorney, were given the task of crafting this legislation. Near the conclusion of the council’s afternoon session, Phelps read a draft of the libel ordinance, and JS and city councilor requested that certain additions be made to it. Alderman , who was acting as the council’s president pro tempore, then directed the committee to make every effort to provide a “full report” on the ordinance, presumably at the council’s next meeting, which was scheduled for 10 June.
City recorder wrote the 8 June minutes in the city council’s rough minute book. During other meetings of the council, Richards apparently took notes on loose leaves of paper and then used them to create the minutes that he recorded in the rough minute book. He may have also done so for the 8 June minutes. Later, on 15 and 16 June, Richards prepared a revised version of the minutes for the 8 and 10 June meetings focused on the city council’s deliberations regarding the Nauvoo Expositor. The Nauvoo Neighbor then published the revised version of the minutes in its extra issue dated 17 June and in its regular issue dated 19 June. The version in the 19 June issue is identical to the version in the extra, except for some stylistic and clarifying changes. The 8 June minutes Richards recorded in the city council’s rough minute book are featured here, with significant differences between them and the version published in the Neighbor’s 17 June extra noted.

Footnotes

  1. While the 8 June minutes do not identify where the council met, evidence suggests that the most likely meeting place was the Nauvoo Mansion. An order for the city marshal to gather the members of the council for a 10 January 1844 meeting indicated that they would meet in the dining room of the Nauvoo Mansion. Likewise, the minutes from a 12 February city council meeting state that the council met in the Nauvoo Mansion, while an order to the marshal to gather the council for its 5 March meeting designated the meeting place as the “council room” in the Nauvoo Mansion. Similar orders to the marshal for the council’s 7 May and 21 June meetings request that he assemble the members of the council at the “council chamber.” The use of this less specific name suggests that the location of the council chamber was understood and that the council was regularly meeting in the same place. (JS to Nauvoo City Marshal [John P. Greene], Order for Nauvoo City Council Meeting Notification, 10 Jan. 1844; 5 Mar. 1844; 21 June 1844; Nauvoo City Council to Nauvoo City Marshal [John P. Greene], Order for Nauvoo City Council Meeting Notification, 7 May 1844, Nauvoo, IL, Records, CHL; Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 12 Feb. 1844, 1.)

  2. The temperance ordinance prohibited “all Persons & Establishments whatever, in this City . . . from vending Whiskey in a less quantity than a Gallon, or other Spirituous Liquors in a less quantity than a quart,” unless under the “Recommendation of a Physician.” (Nauvoo City Council Minute Book, 15 Feb. 1841, 8.)

  3. Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 13 Apr. 1844, 8–10.

  4. “An Ordinance concerning the City Attorney and His Duties,” 8 June 1844, draft, Nauvoo, IL, Records, CHL.

  5. JS, Journal, 7 June 1844; Masthead, Nauvoo Expositor, 7 June 1844, [1].

  6. Chauncey L. Higbee was cut off from the church in mid-1842. William Law, Wilson Law, and Robert D. Foster were cut off in mid-April 1844. Francis M. Higbee and Charles Ivins were cut off on 18 May 1844. Charles A. Foster and Sylvester Emmons were not members of the church. (Nauvoo Stake High Council Minutes, 20 May 1842; JS, Journal, 18 Apr. 1844; Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Minutes, 18 Apr. 1844; Clayton, Journal, 18 Apr. 1844; Nauvoo Stake High Council Minutes, 18 May 1844; Charles A. Foster, “Important from Nauvoo,” Warsaw [IL] Signal, 25 [24] Apr. 1844, [3]; Perrin, History of Cass County, Illinois, 239.)

    Nauvoo Stake High Council Minutes, ca. 1839–ca. 1843. Fair copy. In Oliver Cowdery, Diary, Jan.–Mar. 1836. CHL.

    Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Minutes, 1840–1844. CHL.

    Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.

    Warsaw Signal. Warsaw, IL. 1841–1853.

    Perrin, William Henry, ed. History of Cass County Illinois. Chicago: O. L. Baskin, 1882.

  7. “Joseph Smith Documents from 1 January through 15 May 1844”; see also Discourse, 26 May 1844; Pleas, ca. 27 May 1844; Pleas, ca. 28 May 1844; and Letter from Robert D. Foster, ca. 7 June 1844.

  8. Council of Fifty, “Record,” 6 May 1844.

  9. JS, Journal, 7 May 1844.

  10. The Expositor’s position reflected a larger debate about the Nauvoo charter. At the most recent regular session of the Illinois legislature, which began in December 1842, legislators discussed repealing or amending Nauvoo’s charter because of, among other concerns, complaints that JS and other Nauvoo leaders were abusing powers granted in the charter to prevent JS from being extradited to Missouri. The Senate Committee on the Judiciary was assigned to investigate the charges and recommended amending all Illinois municipal charters, including Nauvoo’s. There was, however, insufficient support in the legislature to amend or repeal Nauvoo’s charter at that time, though it was repealed in January 1845. (Journal of the Senate . . . of Illinois [1842–1843], title page; 10 Dec. 1842, 55–56; 23 Feb. 1843, 412; 4 and 6 Mar. 1843, 515, 533; JS, Journal, 9–20 Dec. 1842; “Illinois Legislature,” Sangamo Journal [Springfield, IL], 15 [16] Dec. 1842, [2]; “Report of the Committee on the Judiciary . . . in Relation to the Nauvoo City Charter, &c.,” Reports Made to Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Illinois, Senate, 13th Assembly, 1st Sess., pp. 127–130; “It Will Be Seen by the Proceedings,” Wasp, 15 Mar. 1843, [2]; An Act to Repeal the Act Entitled “An Act to Incorporate the City of Nauvoo,” Approved December 16, 1840 [29 Jan. 1845], Laws of the State of Illinois [1844–1845], pp. 187–188.)

    Journal of the Senate of the Thirteenth General Assembly of the State of Illinois, at Their Regular Session, Begun and Held at Springfield, December 5, 1842. Springfield, IL: William Walters, 1842.

    Sangamo Journal. Springfield, IL. 1831–1847.

    Reports Made to Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Illinois, at Their Session Begun and Held at Springfield, December 5, 1842. Springfield, IL: William Waters, 1842.

    The Wasp. Nauvoo, IL. Apr. 1842–Apr. 1843.

    Laws of the State of Illinois, Passed by the Fifteenth General Assembly, at Their Session, Begun and Held in the City of Springfield, December 7, 1846. Springfield, IL: Charles H. Lanphier, 1847.

  11. Prospectus of the Nauvoo Expositor (Nauvoo, IL: 10 May 1844), copy at CHL, emphasis in original.

    Nauvoo Expositor Prospectus. Nauvoo, IL: ca. 10 May 1844. Copy at CHL.

  12. “The Printing Materials,” Warsaw (IL) Signal, 22 May 1844, [2].

    Warsaw Signal. Warsaw, IL. 1841–1853.

  13. Law, Diary, 7 June 1844, in Cook, William Law, 55.

    Cook, Lyndon W. William Law: Biographical Essay, Nauvoo Diary, Correspondence, Interview. Orem, UT: Grandin Book, 1994.

  14. Nauvoo Expositor, 7 June 1844, [1]–[3].

  15. Richards appears to have used this method of note taking during the 10 June 1844 city council meeting. (Historical Introduction to Minutes, 10 June 1844; see also Richards, Journal, 11 June 1844.)

    Richards, Willard. Journals, 1836–1853. Willard Richards, Papers, 1821–1854. CHL. MS 1490, boxes 1–2.

  16. Richards, Journal, 9 June 1844.

    Richards, Willard. Journals, 1836–1853. Willard Richards, Papers, 1821–1854. CHL. MS 1490, boxes 1–2.

  17. Richards, Journal, 15–16 June 1844; Synopsis of Nauvoo City Council Proceedings, 8 June 1844, JS Office Papers, CHL.

    Richards, Willard. Journals, 1836–1853. Willard Richards, Papers, 1821–1854. CHL. MS 1490, boxes 1–2.

  18. “For the Neighbor,” Nauvoo Neighbor, Extra, 17 June 1844, [1]; “For the Neighbor,” Nauvoo Neighbor, 19 June 1844, [2]–[3].

Asterisk (*) denotes a "featured" version, which includes an introduction and annotation. *Minutes, 8 June 1844 Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, February 1844–January 1845 Minutes, 8 June 1844, Extract, as Published in Nauvoo Neighbor Revised Minutes, circa 17 June 1844, Partial Draft Revised Minutes, 17 June 1844 Revised Minutes, 17 June 1844, as Published in Nauvoo Neighbor History, 1838–1856, volume F-1 [1 May 1844–8 August 1844] “History of Joseph Smith”
continued— and said he sent to .— and Joseph knew nothing about it.—
said. came to him on the 7th & said he had had an interview with . & though[t] he was almost ready to come back— and a word f[r]om witness or Joseph would bring it about.— &c
Mayor— said the conduct of such men— <​&​> such papers are calculated to <​do​> destroy the peace of the .— and it is not safe that such things should exist— on acount of the mob spirit. which th[e]y tend to produce.— and— he had made the statem[e]nts he had, and called the witnesses to prepare the council to act in the case.—
was blakguarded out of and dubbed him with title of Judge. <​(as he had unde[r]stood f[r]om citiz[e]ns of )​> he was poor.— and <​Mayorer [Mayor]​> hilped him to cloth for a coat befor[e] he went away— <​la[s]t fall​> & he labored all winter to got the post office from Bro .— <​(as informed—)​>
<​Mayor​> Referred to a writing from .— and Showing that the Laws presented the communicati[o]n f[r]om the in the <​Nauvoo​> Neighb[o]r— <​to ​> was as the bone of contintion— <​& s[a]id​> If God ever spoke by any man. it will not be 5 years before this in ashes and we in our g[r]ave unless we go to <​​> or some <​other​> place.— if the does not put down. evry thing which tends to mobacracy— and put down their murders. Bogus Makers and scoundrels— All the sorrow I have <​he had​> ever had in my <​his​> family. has arisin th[r]ough the influen[ce] of . [p. 18]
View entire transcript

|

Cite this page

Source Note

Document Transcript

Document Information

Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Minutes, 8 June 1844
ID #
17543
Total Pages
9
Print Volume Location
Handwriting on This Page
  • Willard Richards

Footnotes

  1. This was not the first time an emissary from the church visited Foster. John Taylor reported at the 6 May 1844 Council of Fifty meeting that he had met with Foster “and had advised him to keep still &c, and that all men who professed to be saints must support the church &c.” According to Taylor, Foster then replied that “he had no bad feeling & had been appeased &c he was ready to meet on any honorable terms or receive any communication.” During this same meeting, however, the council resolved to no longer “feel after” a number of individuals who later became proprietors of the Nauvoo Expositor, including Foster, but instead to “give them over to the buffetings of Satan.” Despite this pronouncement, church members continued to visit individuals like Foster and William Law, attempting to effect a reconciliation. (Council of Fifty, “Record,” 6 May 1844; Law, Diary, 13 May 1844, in Cook, William Law, 52.)

    Cook, Lyndon W. William Law: Biographical Essay, Nauvoo Diary, Correspondence, Interview. Orem, UT: Grandin Book, 1994.

  2. The published version of the city council minutes renders this passage as follows: “and a word from him to Joseph would bring it about.” (“For the Neighbor,” Nauvoo Neighbor, Extra, 17 June 1844, [1].)

  3. In a reminiscent account, church member George Laub observed that “some of the Brethren murmered” after the destruction of the Nauvoo Expositor because “the[y] thaught it was Wrong.” Laub, however, noted that “Brother Joseph called a me[e]ting at his own house and told us that god showed to him in an open vision in day light that if he did not destroy that Printing press that it would cause the Blood of the saints to flow in the streets.” (Laub, Reminiscences and Journal, 40−41.)

    Laub, George. Reminiscences and Journal, 1845–1857. CHL. MS 9628.

  4. Emmons lived in Philadelphia, where he studied law, from 1831 to 1840. (Illustrated Atlas Map of Cass County, Illinois, 40; Perrin, History of Cass County, Illinois, 239.)

    Illustrated Atlas Map of Cass County, Illinois, Carefully Compiled from Personal Examinations and Surveys. [Edwardsville, IL]: W. R. Brink and Co., 1874.

    Perrin, William Henry, ed. History of Cass County Illinois. Chicago: O. L. Baskin, 1882.

  5. Attendance records show that Emmons was absent from Nauvoo City Council meetings starting in September 1843, which suggests that he had left the city by that time. In December 1843 William W. Phelps was appointed to take his place on the city council, and Phelps continued attending council meetings in Emmons’s stead through 29 April. It appears Emmons returned to Nauvoo sometime between that date and 11 May, when he was present for a city council meeting. (“The Attendance of the City Council of the City of Nauvoo. Commencing August 12th 1843”; “The Attendance of the City Council of the City of Nauvoo— Commencing February 10th 1844,” Nauvoo, IL, Records, CHL; Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 16 Dec. 1843, 25.)

    Nauvoo, IL, Records, 1841–1845. CHL.

  6. Several attempts had been made to remove Sidney Rigdon as Nauvoo’s postmaster. In 1842 JS accused Rigdon and others associated with the post office of corruption. Efforts to replace Rigdon with JS, however, were unsuccessful. Later, in February 1843, William Rollosson reportedly sought the office of postmaster with the support of Robert D. Foster. In May 1844, at a Council of Fifty meeting, Rigdon agreed to resign his position as postmaster in anticipation of his relocation to Pennsylvania. He also said he would recommend JS as his successor. (Letter to James Arlington Bennet, 8 Sept. 1842; Letter to George W. Robinson, 6 Nov. 1842; Letter to Horace Hotchkiss, 26 Nov. 1842; JS, Journal, 8 Nov. 1842 and 13 Feb. 1843; Letter to Richard M. Young, 9 Feb. 1843; Letter from Sidney Rigdon, ca. 13 Feb. 1843; Council of Fifty, “Record,” 6 and 25 May 1844.)

  7. In February 1844 Orsamus F. Bostwick was fined for slander for claiming that JS’s brother Hyrum Smith had several “spiritual wives” and that many of Nauvoo’s females lived as prostitutes. Shortly after, William W. Phelps composed a document responding to Bostwick’s accusations and defending the reputation of Nauvoo’s women. At a meeting held on 7 March, Phelps read the document, titled “The Voice of Innocence from Nauvoo.” Members of the Female Relief Society of Nauvoo subsequently met on 9 and 16 March to approve this document, and the Nauvoo Neighbor published an edited version of it over Emma Smith’s name in its 20 March issue. (Historical Introduction to City of Nauvoo v. Bostwick, Bostwick v. JS and Greene, and Bostwick v. JS; JS, Journal, 28 Feb. 1844; 7, 9, 16, and 20 Mar. 1844; William W. Phelps with Emma Smith Revisions, “The Voice of Innocence from Nauvoo,” Feb.–Mar. 1844, in Derr et al., First Fifty Years of Relief Society, 151–156; “Virtue Will Triumph,” Nauvoo Neighbor, 20 Mar. 1844, [2].)

    Derr, Jill Mulvay, Carol Cornwall Madsen, Kate Holbrook, and Matthew J. Grow, eds. The First Fifty Years of Relief Society: Key Documents in Latter-day Saint Women’s History. Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2016.

    Nauvoo Neighbor. Nauvoo, IL. 1843–1845.

  8. In a 26 May 1844 discourse, JS stated that he “never had any fuss with these men until that Female Relief Society brought out the paper against adulterers and adulteresses.” Moreover, he recalled that Goforth “was invited into the Laws’ clique” and that Robert D. Foster and “the clique were dissatisfied with that document,” referring to “The Voice of Innocence from Nauvoo.” Goforth was likely invited to join the Laws’ group sometime between 4 April, when Goforth was introduced to Foster during his visit to Nauvoo, and 13 April, when JS questioned Foster about something he apparently said to Goforth at “a secr[e]t council.” (Discourse, 26 May 1844; William Goforth to [Editor of the Times and Seasons, Nauvoo, IL], 10 Apr. 1844, 3–4, CHL; JS, Journal, 13 Apr. 1844.)

    Goforth, William. Letter to Times and Seasons, 10 Apr. 1844. CHL. MS 15541.

  9. See “Joseph Smith Documents from 16 May through 28 June 1844.”

  10. This was not the first time JS complained of Law’s negative influence on his family. On 24 April 1844, JS related to a small group of men “a history of the Laws proceedings in part in trying to make diffi[c]ulty in my family &c.” (JS, Journal, 24 Apr. 1844.)

Go to page