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  2. Directory of Scribes and Printers for the Printer’s Manuscript of the Book of Mormon

Directory of Scribes and Printers for the Printer’s Manuscript of the Book of Mormon

The following is a list of the individuals who acted as scribes for the printer’s manuscript or worked in the
Palmyra

Known as Swift’s Landing and Tolland before being renamed Palmyra, 1796. Incorporated, Mar. 1827, two years after completion of adjacent Erie Canal. Population in 1820 about 3,700. Joseph Sr. and Lucy Mack Smith family lived in village briefly, beginning ...

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print shop of
Egbert B. Grandin

30 Mar. 1806–16 Apr. 1845. Printer, newspaper editor and publisher, butcher, shipper, tanner. Born in Freehold, Monmouth Co., New Jersey. Son of William Grandin and Amy Lewis. Moved to Williamson, Ontario Co., New York, by 1810; to Pultneyville, Ontario Co...

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during the months when the 1830 edition of the Book of Mormon was being published. These entries identify scribes and printers by complete name (correctly spelled), along with birth and death dates. The entries also have links to individual biography pages with additional information, such as parentage and birthplace, migrations and places of residence, dates of marriage and names of spouses, occupation and denominational affiliation, religious and civic positions, and place of death. Because unverified and sometimes incorrect data has been recirculated for decades, professional genealogists on the staff of the Joseph Smith Papers Project have utilized original sources whenever possible.
Scribes
Cowdery, Oliver

3 Oct. 1806–3 Mar. 1850. Clerk, teacher, justice of the peace, lawyer, newspaper editor. Born at Wells, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of William Cowdery and Rebecca Fuller. Raised Congregationalist. Moved to western New York and clerked at a store, ca. 1825–1828...

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(3 Oct. 1806–3 Mar. 1850).
Gilbert, John H.

13 Apr. 1802–26 Jan. 1895. Printer, newspaper editor, clerk, bookkeeper. Worked as printer for Ontario Repository, 1818, in Canandaigua, Ontario Co., New York. Moved to Palmyra, Wayne Co., New York, ca. 1824. Partnered with Pomeroy Tucker to publish Wayne...

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(13 Apr. 1802–26 Jan. 1895).
Smith, Hyrum

9 Feb. 1800–27 June 1844. Farmer, cooper. Born at Tunbridge, Orange Co., Vermont. Son of Joseph Smith Sr. and Lucy Mack. Moved to Randolph, Orange Co., 1802; to Tunbridge, before May 1803; to Royalton, Windsor Co., Vermont, 1804; to Sharon, Windsor Co., by...

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(9 Feb. 1800–27 June 1844)
Smith, Joseph (23 Dec. 1805–27 June 1844); for biographical information, see “Joseph Smith and His Papers: An Introduction” and Timeline of Joseph Smith’s Life.
Scribe 2. Inscribing almost 15 percent of the manuscript, the unknown scribe was the second-most prolific of the three scribes. Though unidentified, scribe 2 could have been a member of the Smith family or a close associate of JS. The work of copying the printer’s manuscript took place in Manchester and Palmyra townships, New York, so a member of the Whitmer family (who lived in nearby Fayette) could have been scribe 2. Extant handwriting samples—including samples from Samuel Smith, John Whitmer, and Peter Whitmer Jr.—do not positively match the handwriting of scribe 2. Limited, later samples of handwriting from Martin Harris, David Whitmer, Jacob Whitmer, and Emma Smith also do not match the handwriting of this scribe. A comparison of scribe 2’s handwriting with a possible Joseph Smith Sr. handwriting sample proves inconclusive. See Source Note and Historical Introduction to Printer’s Manuscript of the Book of Mormon, circa Aug. 1829–ca. Jan. 1830.
Printers
Bortles, Jacob H.

Ca. 1808–11 Aug. 1836. Bookseller, newspaper editor and proprietor. Born in New York. Assisted with presswork for first edition of Book of Mormon, Aug. 1829–Mar. 1830, in Palmyra, Wayne Co., New York. Partner in bookseller firm Willcox & Bortles, 1834, in...

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(ca. 1808–11 Aug. 1836).
Chandler, Albert

23 Sept. 1814–27 Nov. 1903. Newspaper editor and proprietor, tinner, hardware merchant, politician. Born in Sempronius, Cayuga Co., New York. Son of Daniel Chandler and Deborah Parker. Moved with family to Wayne Co., New York. Worked in office of Wayne Sentinel...

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(23 Sept. 1814–27 Nov. 1903).
Gilbert, John H.

13 Apr. 1802–26 Jan. 1895. Printer, newspaper editor, clerk, bookkeeper. Worked as printer for Ontario Repository, 1818, in Canandaigua, Ontario Co., New York. Moved to Palmyra, Wayne Co., New York, ca. 1824. Partnered with Pomeroy Tucker to publish Wayne...

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(13 Apr. 1802–26 Jan. 1895).
Grandin, Egbert Bratt

30 Mar. 1806–16 Apr. 1845. Printer, newspaper editor and publisher, butcher, shipper, tanner. Born in Freehold, Monmouth Co., New Jersey. Son of William Grandin and Amy Lewis. Moved to Williamson, Ontario Co., New York, by 1810; to Pultneyville, Ontario Co...

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(30 Mar. 1806–16 Apr. 1845).
McCauley, Thomas

?–?. Pressman. Hired by E. B. Grandin to finish presswork on first edition of Book of Mormon, Dec. 1829, in Palmyra, Wayne Co., New York. Moved to Rochester, Wayne Co., by 1832. Married Bridget Farley, 6 Jan. 1832, in Greece, Monroe Co., New York. Possibly...

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(?–?).
Robinson, Rollin

3 June 1810–18 Feb. 1893. Typesetter, miller, township officer, insurance agent, farmer. Born in Palmyra, Ontario Co., New York. Son of Gain Robinson and Chloe Bradish. Delivered Wayne County Sentinel and learned to set type. Began working as apprentice in...

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(3 June 1810–18 Feb. 1893).
Rogers, Franklin P.

Ca. 23 Feb. 1811–8 Nov. 1904. Printer, farmer, miller. Born in Palmyra, Ontario Co., New York. Son of William Rogers and Hannah Selby. Learned printer’s trade at office of Wayne Sentinel and helped typeset first edition of Book of Mormon, ca. 1829–1830, in...

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(ca. 23 Feb. 1811–8 Nov. 1904).
Sanford, Alfred S.

1805–23 Dec. 1888. Printer, publisher, bookbinder, bookseller. Born in Milford, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Moved to Albany and then to Rochester, Monroe Co., New York. Member of Rochester Union Grays militia. Possibly worked for E. B. Grandin, who printed...

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(1805–23 Dec. 1888).
Tucker, John Nathaniel Townsend

Ca. 1810–ca. 1869. Minister, newspaper editor, printer. Born in Williamson, Wayne Co., New York. Minister of First Baptist Church of Eaton, in Morrisville, Madison Co., New York. Worked as printer in office where first edition of Book of Mormon was printed...

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(ca. 1810–ca. 1869).
Tucker, Pomeroy

10 Aug. 1802–30 June 1870. Newspaper owner and editor, printer, tax collector, politician, postmaster, insurance agent. Born in Palmyra, Ontario Co., New York. Son of Jeduthan Tucker and Abi Brown. Worked in office of Ontario Messenger, in Canandaigua, Ontario...

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(10 Aug. 1802–30 June 1870).
Van Camp, William

20 Oct. 1820–24 Mar. 1884. Printer, publisher, editor. Born in Madison Co., New York. Moved with family to Seneca Co., New York. Apprenticed in Wayne Sentinel office and assisted in printing first edition of Book of Mormon, Sept. 1829–Mar. 1830, in Palmyra...

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(20 Oct. 1820–24 Mar. 1884).
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